Influence of shade on panting score and behavioural responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle to heat load

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lees ◽  
J. C. Lees ◽  
V. Sejian ◽  
M. L. Sullivan ◽  
J. B. Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Panting Score

Context Feedlot cattle can be negatively impacted by hot conditions, such that they have reduced performance and wellbeing. This study was conducted at the research feedlot located at The University of Queensland during a southern hemisphere summer (October to April). Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade on the behaviour and panting score of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle during summer. Methods Thirty-six steers (12 Angus, 12 Charolais and 12 Brahman) with an initial non-fasted liveweight of 318.5 ± 6.7 kg were used in a 154-day feedlot study consisting of two treatments: unshaded and shaded (3 m2/animal). Observational data were obtained for each steer at 2 h intervals between 0600 and 1800 hours daily from Day 1 to Day 154. Additional night time observational data were collected at 2-h intervals between 2000 and 0400 hours on 12 occasions. Data collected included activity (feeding, drinking, or ruminating), posture (standing or lying) and panting score. Panting scores were used to calculate a mean panting score for each breed × treatment group. Observational data were converted to a count for each breed × treatment group for each observation time point and were analysed using a binomial generalised linear model. Key results Maximum shade utilisation was the greatest at 1200 hours for Angus (85.5%), Charolais (32.7%) and Brahman (33.3%) steers. All breed × treatment groups exhibited a notable increase in mean panting score as heat load increased. Average increase in mean panting score was 0.36, where shaded Brahman exhibited the smallest increase (0.13) and unshaded Angus had the greatest increase (0.71). When heat load conditions were very hot (heat load index (HLI) ≥ 86) the mean panting score of all breed × treatment groups differed (P < 0.05). Conclusions Overall these results emphasise the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle, irrespective of genotype. Implications These results further highlight the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle. These results challenge the general perception that Bos indicus feedlot cattle do not require access to heat load alleviation strategies.

Heat stress in cattle and the effect of shade on production and behaviour: a review

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Blackshaw ◽  
AW Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Principal Mechanism

At high temperatures, evaporative cooling is the principal mechanism for heat dissipation in cattle. It is influenced by humidity and wind speed and by physiological factors such as respiration rate, and density and activity of sweat glands. Following exposure to heat, cattle appear to acclimatise within 2-7 weeks. The failure of homeostasis at high temperatures may lead to reduced productivity or even death. Knowledge of characteristic behavioural signs of increasing heat stress may alert cattle handlers to impending heat distress, particularly in areas of potential climatic extremes of high temperatures and humidities. Reduction of the heat increment of feeding by dietary manipulation may partially protect cattle from forecast heat stress. Under high heat stress, Bos indicus breeds and their crosses have better heat regulatory capacities than Bos taurus breeds, due to differences in metabolic rate, food and water consumption, sweating rate, and coat characteristics and colour. Also, because Bos taurus have a higher heat loading at the skin, they must evaporate substantially more sweat than Bos indicus to maintain normal body temperatures. Welfare concerns exist about heat stress and the provision of shade for feedlot cattle. In hot weather, cattle actively seek shade, which may reduce the radiant heat load by 30% or more. Under conditions of extreme heat load, shading may maintain production and reduce deaths from heat stroke. Shading of feed and water also offers production advantages for British and European breeds of cattle.

39 EFFECT OF TIME OF FIXED-TIME AI ON PREGNANCY RATES IN ZEBU CROSS-BRED BEEF HEIFERS TREATED WITH PROGESTERONE RELEASING DEVICES AND ESTRADIOL CYPIONATE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramos ◽  
L. Cutaia ◽  
P. Chesta ◽  
G. A. Bó
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
To Receive

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of the timing of fixed-time AI (FTAI) in relation to the removal of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (1 g of progesterone, DIB, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) on pregnancy rates in Bos indicus × Bos taurus cross-bred heifers. In experiment 1, 285 Bonsmara × zebu cross-bred heifers, between 18 and 24 months of age and with a body condition score (BCS) between 3.0 and 3.5 (1-5 scale) were used. On the day of initiation of treatment (Day 0), the heifers’ ovaries were palpated (92% of them had a CL) and they received a new DIB plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex SA) and 250 μg of cloprostenol (Ciclase DL, Syntex SA). On Day 8, DIB devices were removed and all heifers received 250 μg of Ciclase plus 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP; Cipiosyn, Syntex SA). At that time the heifers were randomly divided to receive FTAI between 48 to 49 h, 53 to 54 h, or 58 to 59 h after DIB removal. The heifers underwent FTAI with semen from 4 bulls by 2 inseminators. In experiment 2, 260 heifers from the same group as those used in experiment 1 (87% with a CL) were treated exactly as those in experiment 1, except that previously used DIB was inserted on Day 0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days post-fixed-time AI by ultrasonography. The data were analyzed by logistic regression, taking into account the effect of time of FTAI, semen, and inseminator on pregnancy rates. In experiment 1, pregnancy rates were lower (P = 0.04) in the heifers undergoing FTAI between 48 and 49 h after DIB removal (46/95, 48.4%) than those undergoing FTAI 53 to 54 h (61/99, 61.6%) or 58 to 60 h (57/91, 62.6%) after DIB removal. However, no differences in pregnancy rates were found (P = 0.72) in experiment 2 between the 3 treatment groups, with 39/91 (42.9%) for the 48 to 49 h group, 45/89 (50.6%) for the 53 to 54 h group, and 35/89 (43.8%) for the 58 to 59 h group. There was no effect of the semen or inseminator (P > 0.2) in either experiment. We conclude that when Bos indicus × Bos taurus beef heifers are synchronized with new DIB devices and ECP, higher pregnancy rates are obtained in heifers undergoing FTAI late (between 53 to 60 h after DIB removal) than in those undergoing FTAI early (48 to 49 h after DIB removal). However, time of insemination does not apparently affect pregnancy rates when Bos indicus × Bos taurus beef heifers are synchronized with previously used DIB devices and ECP.

scholarly journals 180EFFECT OF TIME OF ECG TREATMENT ON PREGNANCY RATES IN BOS INDICUS×BOS TAURUS RECIPIENTS SYNCHRONIZED WITH PROGESTERONE VAGINAL DEVICES AND TRANSFERRED WITHOUT ESTRUS DETECTION

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
L.F. Nasser ◽  
E.L. Reis ◽  
A.M. Oliveira ◽  
G.A. Bo ◽  
P.S. Baruselli
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Treatment Interaction

It has been shown recently that treatments with progesterone (P4)-releasing devices combined with estradiol benzoate (EB) plus P4 on Day 0, eCG and PGF on Day 5 and a second application of EB one day after device removal (Day 9) can be used successfully to transfer bovine embryos at a self-appointed time, without the necessity of estrus detection. Although the treatment solved one of the major problems in recipient management, estrus detection, it requires handling the recipients at least five times for treatments and embryo transfer. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether reducing one day of handling, by the administration of eCG and PGF at the time of removal of the P4 device (Day 8), results in comparable pregnancy rates than giving eCG on Day 5. A secondary objective was to determine the effect of injectable P4 at the time of device insertion plus EB treatment. Crossbred Bos taurus×Bos indicus beef heifers (n=301) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups in a 2 by 2 factorial design. All Heifers received a P4 device (DIB, Syntex, Argentina) plus 2mg EB i.m. (Syntex) at unknown stages of the estrous cycle (Day 0), with or without 50mg of P4 given i.m. at the same time. Heifers were further subdivided to receive PGF (0.150mg d-cloprostenol, Prolise, Tecnopec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and 400IU of eCG (Novormon, Syntex) i.m. on Days 5 or 8. In all heifers, DIB devices were removed on Day 8 and 1 mg EB was administered i.m. on Day 9. Day 10 was arbitrarily considered as the day of estrus. On Day 17, heifers were bled for plasma P4 concentrations and examined by ultrasonography to determine the number of CL and their diameter. Heifers that had >1 CL or a single CL with diameter ≥18mm received an in vitro-produced (IVP) embryo by nonsurgical transfer performed by the same veterinarian. Pregnancy rates were determined by ultrasonography 30 days later. The effects of Day of eCG administration (Day 5 or Day 8), P4 of treatment (E2 or E2+P4) and the day-by-P4 treatment interaction on the numbers of CL and plasma P4 were analyzed by ANOVA, and the proportion of recipients selected and pregnant were analyzed using non-parametric tests (NPAR1WAY, SAS). There was no significant effect of P4 treatment or the P4-by-day of eCG interaction in any of the parameters evaluated. However, there was a significant effect of day of eCG administration on plasma P4 concentrations (Day 5=2.4±0.3 v. Day 8=1.7±0.2; P=0.03) and the number of CL (Day 5=1.4±0.1 v. Day 8=1.1±0.0; P=0.02) on Day 17. Furthermore, the proportion of recipients pregnant/treated tended (P=0.1) to be higher in heifers in the Day 5 Group (71/151, 47.0%) than in those in the Day 8 Group (61/150, 40.7%). Although delaying the eCG and PGF administration from Day 5 to Day 8 saves one trip through the chute for treatments, it resulted in lower plasma P4 concentrations and tended to decrease pregnancy rates in bovine embryo recipients synchronized with DIB devices and EB and transferred at a fixed time. Furthermore, the administration of injectable P4 at the time of DIB insertion did not affect pregnancy rates.

225 ADDITION OF EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TO A TRADITIONAL FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE PROTOCOL FOR SUPEROVULATION OF BOS TAURUS BEEF COWS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Davis ◽  
A. Arteaga ◽  
J. F. Hasler
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
South America ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embryo Production

This study examined the superovulatory responses of Bos taurus beef cows maintained in a commercial embryo transfer facility. Donors were superovulated 1 to 3 times each with either a traditional 8 injection FSH protocol (controls, n = 126) or 6 injections of FSH with the seventh or eighth FSH treatments replaced by 2 injections of eCG (treatment, n = 134). During the 5-month study, 132 donors were alternatively assigned to a control or treatment group for a single superovulation and an additional 62 animals were superovulated 2 (n = 58) or 3 times (n = 4) in a crossover design. Although 14 beef breeds were represented in the study, 87% of the cows were Angus, Red Angus, Polled Hereford, or Charolais. All donors were synchronized on Day 0 with a CIDR, 5 mg of oestradiol-17β and 100 mg of progesterone. Starting on Day 4 (p.m.), controls were injected twice daily for 4 days with descending doses of porcine FSH (Folltropin-V®, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada). Cows received 750 μg of cloprostenol (Estrumate®, Intervet Schering-Plough, Summit, NJ, USA) at the seventh FSH injection and the CIDR was removed at the eighth FSH injection. Based on previous experience with specific, individual animals, total FSH dose per donor ranged from 240 to 400 mg. However, 74% of treatments involved 380 mg for controls and 310 mg for treated donors that received eCG. In addition, donors that were superovulated more than once received the same FSH dose in the crossover, treatment-control design. In the treatment group, 200 IU of eCG (Pregnecol™ 6000, Bioniche Animal Health) was substituted for the seventh and eighth FSH injections. Inseminations were conducted on a timed AI basis, with one unit of semen 32 h and a second 48 h following CIDR removal. Results were analysed by ANOVA as shown in Table 1. Although more ova/embryos and unfertilized ova (UFO) were recovered in the control group, the control and treatment groups did not differ in the number of grade 1, 2, or 3 embryos or in the number of degenerate embryos. Previous superovulation studies in South America using eCG to replace the last 2 injections of FSH resulted in more total ova/embryos in Nelore cows but not heifers and in more embryos in Brangus and Sindhi cows. The mean embryo production for the control cows in this study was high and the addition of eCG in the protocol did not improve embryo production. Failure of eCG to increase the number of embryos for Bos taurus cows in this study compared with previous studies may be due to differences with Bos taurus versus Bos indicus breeds or differences in management factors between Canada and South America. The high response rate in the controls may also have contributed to the failure of any advantage of adding eCG to the treatment protocol. Table 1.Mean numbers (± SEM) of ova and embryos recovered from Bos taurus females superovulated with 2 different protocols

Ascophyllum nodosum Supplementation: A Preharvest Intervention for Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Feedlot Steers

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1824-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. BRADEN ◽  
J. R. BLANTON ◽  
V. G. ALLEN ◽  
K. R. POND ◽  
M. F. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Matter Basis

Ascophyllum nodosum (Tasco-14) decreased the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in animals fed prior to harvest. Tasco-14 was supplemented on a 2% dry matter basis 14 days prior to harvest to determine its effects on EHEC and Salmonella spp. prevalence. Two hundred mixed crossbred steers and heifers (Bos indicus × Bos taurus), in a large commercial finishing facility, served as experimental units. Treatment (TRT, n = 100) animals received a steam-rolled corn-based diet containing 2% Tasco-14 on a dry matter basis, and control (CON, n = 100) animals received only the steam-rolled corn-based diet. Hide swabs and fecal samples were obtained for EHEC and Salmonella spp. evaluations. Animals were sampled 1 day prior to (d − 1) the feeding of Tasco-14 and immediately following exsanguinations. The prevalence of EHEC O157 on hide swabs and in fecal samples (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and the prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 on hide swabs and in fecal samples (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) was reduced by 33 and 36% from d − 1 levels on TRT hide swabs and by 9 and 11% in TRT fecal samples. The prevalence of EHEC O157 and EHEC O157: H7 was reduced by 33 and 36% from d − 1 levels on TRT hide swabs and by 9 and 11% in TRT fecal samples. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. on hide swabs did not change for TRT animals (P = 0.64). CON animals showed an increase in Salmonella spp. prevalence (P < 0.0001) from d − 1 feeding levels on hide swabs. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. increased in both TRT and CON fecal samples when compared to d − 1 levels (P = 0.002). However, TRT samples exhibited a lower (P < 0.05) postfeeding prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fecal samples than did CON samples. Results from this study indicate that 2% Tasco-14 supplementation in feedlot cattle diets reduces EHEC O157 and EHEC O157:H7 prevalence on hide swabs and in fecal samples and may suppress increases in Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals Can an average THI from 70 to 72 in the Summer Affect Behaviour, Physiology, Performance, and Carcass Weight in Feedlot Steers?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi ◽  
Juan Manuel Clariget ◽  
Gonzalo Roig ◽  
Eduardo Pérez ◽  
Valentín Aznárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Panting Score

Abstract Environmental conditions during hot weather can decrease feed intake and cattle growth. This study conducted over three consecutive years (Trial 1, 2, and 3), in the same feedlot facility, evaluated access to shade as a strategy to mitigate heat stress of cattle finished during summer in Uruguay. Each year, 32 Bos taurus and/or Bos traurus crossbred steers (initially weighing 461 ± 28 kg) were blocked and assigned to one of eight pens (4 animals/pen), where one of two treatments were applied –no shade or shade access. Twenty-four pens were considered in a randomized complete block design. For Trial 1, 2, and 3, respectively, the average THI was 71, 72, and 70. Steers with access to shade had greater daily dry matter intake (P = 0.003), average daily gain (P = 0.004), final live weight (P = 0.04), feed:gain ratio (P = 0.05), and slaughter weight (P = 0.02) than no shaded steers. Ruminal pH was higher (P < 0.0001) in shaded than in no shaded animals. The average respiration rate and panting score was lower (P < 0.0001) for shaded than for no shaded steers, except in the early morning. Access to shade increased the time spent of animals feeding (P = 0.008) and ruminating (P = 0.001), decreasing inactive time (P < 0.0001). We concluded that shade could improve performance and welfare of feedlot cattle during summertime even in regions with an average THI from 70 to 72.

Reducing post-partum anoestrous interval in first-calf Bos indicus crossbred beef heifers. 1. Effects of pre- and post-partum supplementation strategies

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS McSweeney ◽  
LA Fitzpatrick ◽  
MJ D'Occhio ◽  
D Reid ◽  
KW Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ovarian Folliculogenesis ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effects of pre-and post-partum (ppp) v. post-partum (pp ) supplementation on reproductive function were compared in Bos indicus x Bos taurus (5/8 x 3/8) first-calf heifers. Twenty-four pregnant heifers were allocated to three treatment groups all fed roughage hay ad libitum. The dietary treatments were: (1) nil supplement controls, (2) cracked maize (1 kg) plus formaldehyde treated sunflower seed meal (0.5 kg) daily for 60 days post-partum, (3) supplement 2 from 1-2 months pre-partum to 60 days post-partum. Supplementation did not affect hay intake prior to calving (6.5 kg/day), but significantly increased (P < 0.05) intake by approximately 50% after calving compared with a 20% increase in the controls. Maternal liveweight, adjusted for the weight of the foetus and gravid uterus, was 345 kg in all groups at 5 weeks before calving. This weight declined by 6 kg in unsupplemented animals and increased by 16 kg with supplementation before calving. During the 2 months after calving, ppp supplemented animals maintained weight, pp supplemented heifers gained 26 kg, and controls lost 39 kg. Birth weight of calves from heifers supplemented before parturition was 34.2 � 1.9 kg, 5.6 kg heavier than the other calves (28.64�0.7 kg). Milk yield and N secretion tended to be highest in ppp supplemented heifers in the peri-partum period. Two months after calving, milk yield and secretion of N, fat and lactose were not different in both supplemented groups, but were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the controls. Endogenous pulsatile release of LH and FSH was not detected in heifers from any group 50 days after calving. Following GnRH injection (100 8g, i/m), the LH response was not significantly different between groups, but the unsupplemented animals had greater ( P < 0.05) FSH responses than the supplemented heifers. Supplemented heifers had lower ( P = 0.07) plasma GH concentrations prior to calving; after calving, GH levels were in the order: ppp supplemented < pp supplemented < controls. There was no indication that supplementation affected ovarian folliculogenesis in animals treated with exogenous gonadotrophin, and all animals were in an anoestrous state at 60 days post-partum. In conclusion, the type of supplementation practiced here did not appear to improve reproductive performance in first-calf heifers weighing 340-360 kg in early lactation. However, ppp supplementation was the most effective treatment in reducing GH levels and maintaining liveweight in the peri-natal period, both of which have been associated previously with reducing post-partum anoestrous interval.

scholarly journals 147 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Sammes ◽  
Angela M Lees ◽  
Judy A Cawdell-Smith ◽  
John B Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event

Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

scholarly journals The Equivalence of Two Open Therapeutic Regimens of Cimetidine in the Treatment of Acute Duodenal Ulcer Disease: A Canadian Multicentre Trial

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
H Navert ◽  
AP Archambault ◽  
IGM Cleator ◽  
NB Hershfield ◽  
EJ Prokipchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Multicentre Trial ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Duodenal Ulcer Disease ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dosage Regimens

One hundred and four patients completed a multicentre study comparing the standard cimetidine regimen of 300 mg qid with cimetidine 600 mg bid in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Both dosage regimens were effective in alleviating symptoms. At the two- and four-week assessments a significantly greater decrease in frequency, duration and severity of night time pain was recorded in the 600 mg bid group (P<0.05). The healing rates were equivalent in both treatment groups. After eight weeks of treatment, 96% of the patients had healed in each treatment group. Cimetidine 600 mg bid may represent a useful alternative therapeutic regimen to the standard 300 mg qid dosage in patients with symptomatic acute duodenal ulcer disease.

20 PREGNANCY RATES IN SUCKLED BEEF COWS SYNCHRONIZED WITH PROGESTERONE INTRAVAGINAL DEVICES AND RECEIVING eCG FOURTEEN DAYS AFTER BREEDING

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cutaia ◽  
M. Ramos ◽  
P. Chesta ◽  
G. A. Bó
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score

An experiment was designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) the administration of 400IU of eCG (Novormón, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) 14 days after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) increases pregnancy rates in cross-breed Zebu × Bonsmara suckled cows synchronized with progesterone releasing devices (DIB 0.5, 0.5 g of progesterone, Syntex SA); and (2) pregnancy rates in cows treated with estradiol or GnRH, combined with a DIB device, are not different. Primiparous suckled cows (n = 260), between 60 and 120 days postpartum (DPP) and with a body condition score between 2.0 and 2.5 (1 to 5 scale) were used. At the beginning of the experiment (Day 0), all cows were examined by rectal palpation (only 11% had a CL), received a DIB device, and were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Cows in the E2 group received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) intramuscularly (i.m.) at DIB insertion and those in the two GnRH groups received 100 μg of gonadorelin (GDR Gonasyn, Syntex SA) at the same time. On Day 7, DIB devices were removed and all cows received 500 μg of cloprostenol (Ciclase DL, Syntex SA) plus 400 IU of eCG (i.m.). Cows in the E2 group received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP, Cipiosyn, Syntex SA) and underwent FTAI administered by one technician, using semen from 1 of 2 bulls between 52 and 56 h later. Cows in the GnRH groups received a dose of 100 μg of gonadorelin (full GnRH group) or 50 μg of gonadorelin (1/2 GnRH group) at the time of the FTAI (52 to 56 h after DIB removal). Fourteen days after FTAI cows in the 3 groups were further subdivided (3 × 2 factorial) to receive or not 400 IU of eCG i.m. Pregnancy was determined 30 days after FTAI using real-time ultrasonography. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, taking into account the effect of the synchronization treatment, eCG or noteCG, 14 days after FTAI and sire used. No differences in pregnancy rates were found (P = 0.16) among treatment groups (E2: 39/87, 43.7%, full GnRH: 38/92, 41.3%, and 1/2 GnRH: 25/81, 30.9%). However, there was a significant (P = 0.02) effect of eCG treatment 14 days after FTAI (eCG: 60/127, 47.2% v. no eCG: 41/133, 30.8%). Furthermore, bull A (77/155, 47.1%) resulted in higher pregnancy rate (P = 0.009) than bull B (28/107, 26.2%), but there were no significant interactions between bull and synchronization treatment or eCG administration 14 days after FTAI (P > 0.1). We conclude that the application of 400 IU of eCG 14 days after FTAI increases pregnancy rates in suckled Bos taurus × Bos indicus primiparous cows with fair to poor body condition score synchronized with progesterone releasing devices. Furthermore, the use of estradiol ester or GnRH at DIB insertion and removal did not affect pregnancy rates.

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