Backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis of leaf relative water content, stomatal resistance, and carbon isotope discrimination in wheat under pre-anthesis water-stress conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Mohammady-D ◽  
Keith Moore ◽  
John Ollerenshaw ◽  
Behrooz Shiran
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Allelic Variations

Monosomic plants from an Australian variety (Oxley) having low stomatal resistance (SR), low leaf relative water content (LRWC), and high carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) were crossed with variety Falchetto having opposite characters in order to produce F2 backcross reciprocal monosomic families. The families were assessed under pre-anthesis water-stress conditions in a controlled growth chamber. F2 backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis suggested possible allelic variations between chromosomes 1A, 3A, 6A, 7A, 7B, 1D, and 4D of Falchetto and their homologues in Oxley for LRWC. This analysis also suggested possible allelic variation between chromosomes 5A, 1A, and 3A of Falchetto and their homologues in Oxley for SR. Extending the analysis to the F3 disomic generation and the assessment of LRWC at this generation confirmed that reciprocals for chromosomes 3A and 6A showed significant differences. F2 backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis for Δ suggested allelic variations on chromosomes 1D, 4D, and 5D. However, chromosome 1D from Falchetto had the highest difference from its homologue in Oxley. Assessing the reciprocals of this chromosome for vegetative evapotranspiration efficiency (ETEveg) at the F3 disomic generation indicated that the observed variation for Δ was translated into differences for ETEveg. These results indicate that chromosome 1D of Falchetto is promising in reducing Δ and that the improvement of wheat varieties for ETEveg can be done by selection for Δ. Finally, plieotropic effects of some chromosomes were observed for the characters under study. This suggests the existence of genetic factors on these chromosomes affecting more than one character. However, some pleiotropic effects could also be due to non-genetic developmental interactions.

scholarly journals Επίδραση του είδους και του βάθους του υποστρώµατος στην εγκατάσταση, ανάπτυξη και αντοχή στην υδατική καταπόνηση χλοοταπήτων που προορίζονται για τη φυτοκάλυψη κτιρίων εντός του αστικού τοπίου

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Ντούλας
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Η εγκατάσταση φυτεµένων δωµάτων εκτατικού τύπου προσφέρει µια βιώσιµηλύση για την αύξηση του αστικού πρασίνου στον ήδη πυκνοδοµηµένο αστικό ιστό.Όµως, η µειωµένη δυνατότητα πρόσβασης και δηµιουργίας χρηστικού υπαίθριουχώρου σε αυτού του τύπου τα φυτοδώµατα δρα αποτρεπτικά στη µαζική κατασκευήτους. Η εγκατάσταση χλοοταπήτων µπορεί να προσφέρει µία πιθανή διέξοδο στονπαραπάνω προβληµατισµό.Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνήθηκε για πρώτη φορά ηδυνατότητα χρήσης των θερµόφιλων ειδών χλοοτάπητα Zoysia matrella [L.] Merr.‘Zeon’ και Paspalum vaginatum ‘Platinum TE’ σε εκτατικού τύπου φυτεµέναδώµατα και προσδιορίστηκαν οι προϋποθέσεις προκειµένου να υπάρξει βιώσιµηανάπτυξη αυτών στην Μεσογειακή ζώνη, εστιάζοντας στον τύπο και το βάθος τουυποστρώµατος καθώς και στην αντοχή τους σε συνθήκες υδατικής καταπόνησης.Προκειµένου να αξιολογηθεί η επίδραση του τύπου και του βάθους τουυποστρώµατος εκτατικού φυτοδώµατος καθώς και του επιπέδου άρδευσης στηνεγκατάσταση, ανάπτυξη και αντοχή στην υδατική καταπόνηση των επιλεγµένωνειδών χλοοτάπητα πραγµατοποιήθηκαν συνολικά 3 µελέτες αγρού όπουεξοµοιώθηκαν συνθήκες φυτοδώµατος, ενώ πραγµατοποιήθηκε και µία µελέτη σεπραγµατικό δώµα κτιρίου.Για τις ανάγκες των επί µέρους µελετών κατασκευάστηκαν συνολικά έξιυποστρώµατα εκτατικών φυτοδωµάτων προερχόµενα από την ανάµιξη υλικώνδιαθέσιµων στην τοπική αγορά και πιο συγκεκριµένα αµµοπηλώδες έδαφος (S),ελαφρόπετρα (Pum), περλίτης (Per), ζεόλιθος (Ζ), τύρφη (P) και κοµπόστ (C) σεκατ’ όγκο αναλογίες όπως αυτές υποδεικνύονται από τους αντίστοιχους δείκτες:S15:Pum60:P20:Z5, S15:Pum60:C20:Z5, S30:Pum40:P20:Z10, S30:Pum40:C20:Z10,S15:Pum40:Per20:P20:Z5 και S15:Pum40:Per20:C20:Z5, ενώ αξιολογήθηκε και έναεµπορικό υπόστρωµα, του οποίου η σύνθεση βασιζόταν στο θραυστό κεραµίδι.Η αξιολόγηση των υποστρωµάτων πραγµατοποιήθηκε µέσω του καθορισµούτων φυσικών και χηµικών ιδιοτήτων τους όπως η κοκκοµετρία, το ξηρό βάρος καιτο βάρος στον κορεσµό, το ολικό πορώδες, οι χαρακτηριστικές καµπύλες υγρασίας,ο προσδιορισµός της in situ υγρασίας, το pΗ, η ηλεκτρική αγωγιµότητα και ηπεριεκτικότητα σε θρεπτικά συστατικά.Για τη διερεύνηση της επίδρασης των διαφόρων υπό µελέτη παραγόντων,προσδιορίστηκε η οπτική ποιότητα και η φυσιολογική κατάσταση των χλοοταπήτωνµέσω του προσδιορισµού του ποσοστού της εδαφοκάλυψης από πράσινα φυτικά τµήµατα του χλοοτάπητα (GTC, Green Turf Cover), του κανονικοποιηµένου δείκτηβλάστησης (NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetatιοn Index), της στοµατικήςαντίστασης (LSR, Leaf Stomatal Resistance) και του σχετικού υδατικού δυναµικού(RWC, Leaf Relative Water Content) των φύλλων του χλοοτάπητα.Επιπλέον, προκειµένου να υπάρξει ακριβής προσδιορισµός της υγρασίας τωνυποστρωµάτων που χρησιµοποιήθηκαν στις διάφορες µελέτες της διατριβής,αναπτύχθηκαν κατάλληλες εξισώσεις βαθµονόµησης για δύο διαφορετικούςδιηλεκτρικούς αισθητήρες, τον WET-2 (Delta-T devices) και τον TDR300 (SpectrumTechnologies), ενώ παράλληλα προσδιορίστηκε και η επίδραση της ηλεκτρικήςαγωγιµότητας στην ακρίβεια µέτρησης της υγρασίας. ∆ιαπιστώθηκε ότι για τη λήψηαξιόπιστων µετρήσεων της υγρασίας σε χονδρόκοκκα υποστρώµατα φυτεµένωνδωµάτων εκτατικού τύπου απαιτείται και για τους δύο αισθητήρες η χρήσηξεχωριστών ειδικών εξισώσεων βαθµονόµησης για κάθε υπόστρωµα.Αναφορικά µε τα υποστρώµατα τα οποία δοκιµάστηκαν, διαπιστώθηκε πωςόλα εµπίπτουν στις κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες FLL για την κατασκευή εκτατικώνφυτεµένων δωµάτων. Κατά τη διάρκεια των περιόδων υδατικής καταπόνησης ταυποστρώµατα τα οποία περιείχαν τύρφη στη σύνθεσή τους (S15:Pum60:P20:Z5,S15:Pum40:Per20:P20:Z5 και S30:Pum40:P20:Z10) παρουσίασαν τη µικρότερη καταπόνησηκαι για τα δύο είδη χλοοτάπητα, λόγω της µεγαλύτερης ικανότητας συγκράτησηςτης υγρασίας και της µικρότερης ανάπτυξης της φυλλικής επιφάνειας σταυποστρώµατα αυτά. Αντίθετα, κατά τις περιόδους εφαρµογής επαρκούς άρδευσης,τα υποστρώµατα τα οποία περιείχαν κοµπόστ στη σύνθεσή τους (S15:Pum60:C20:Z5,S15:Pum40:Per20:C20:Z5 και S30:Pum40:C20:Z10) βελτίωσαν σηµαντικά την ανάπτυξη τωνδύο γρασιδιών λόγω της αυξηµένης περιεκτικότητάς τους σε θρεπτικά στοιχεία.Η αύξηση του βάθους του υποστρώµατος από 7,5 cm σε 15 cm βελτίωσεσηµαντικά την εγκατάσταση, ανάπτυξη, την αντοχή στην υδατική καταπόνηση καιτην επαναφορά µετά από υδατική καταπόνηση ή λήθαργο και στα δύο είδηχλοοτάπητα επιβεβαιώνοντας το γεγονός ότι το βάθος υποστρώµατος αποτελεί έναναπό τους σηµαντικότερους παράγοντες που επιδρούν στην επιτυχία και τηβιωσιµότητα ενός εκτατικού φυτεµένου δώµατος.Μέσω συσχέτισης της υγρασίας του υποστρώµατος και της εδαφοκάλυψης τωνδύο ειδών χλοοτάπητα διαπιστώθηκε ότι προκειµένου να διατηρείται η οπτικήποιότητα του Z. matrella στα ελάχιστα αποδεκτά επίπεδα, θα πρέπει η υγρασία τουυποστρώµατος να κυµαίνεται από 13% έως 19%, ενώ στην περίπτωση του P.vaginatum θα πρέπει η υγρασία του υποστρώµατος να κυµαίνεται από 23% έως 28%.

scholarly journals STUDY OF IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS BY ESTIMATION OF APTI OF CERTAIN TREES IN KATRAJ AREA IN PUNE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erum F H Kazi ◽  
Dr. Satish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Air pollution is one of major concerns in Pune City currently. Study highlights increase in Particulate matter from Vehicular sources & Urbanization in Karaj area is having harmful impact on the trees in the area. Leaf of Plant species such as Peepal( Ficusreligiosa),, Tamarind(Tamarindusindica), Rain tree( Samaneasaman), Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Manago( Mangiferaindica), Almond( Terminaliacatappa) , Banyan tree(Ficusbenghalensis) were selected and it was found that Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Mango tree( Mangiferaindica) showed Intermediate APTI whereas Peepal, Tamarind, Rain tree, Almond, Banyan tree were found to be Sensitive to pollution. KEYWORDS: Air Pollutants, APTI of plants, Total Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, p H of leaf, Relative water Content ( RWC)

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

Water Stressed Nodal Roots of Wheat: Effects on Leaf Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

This experiment as undertaken to determine the efects of soil drying around the nodal and/or seminal root systems on the shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two split-root experiments were conducted, the first on newly emerged nodal roots of 18-day-old wheat plants, the second on 25-day-old plants. In both experiments, nodal and seminal roots were isolated from one another and water was withheld from either the nodal root chamber, the seminal root chamber, or both, over 6 days. In the first experiment, leaf growth was unaffected by withholding water from very short nodal roots, even though leaf relative water content of the droughted plants decreased. By comparison, both leaf elongation rate and relative water content decreased by withholding water from the seminal roots. On plants that were 1 week older, leaf growth rate and leaf relative water content decreased when nodal roots were drought-stressed. Leaf growth rate of seminal root droughted plants was more impaired than their nodal root counterparts, even though leaf relative water contents of the two treatments were the same. In both experiments, drought stress applied to the nodal root system enhanced nodal root growth more than seminal roots. These results suggest that seminal and nodal roots perceive and respond to drought stress differently with respect to the nature of the message conveyed to the shoots.

scholarly journals Modifications in vapor diffusion resistence of leaves and water relations in barbados cherry plants under water stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
REJANE J. MANSUR C. NOGUEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ ANTÔNIO P. V. DE MORAES ◽  
HÉLIO ALMEIDA BURITY ◽  
EGÍDIO BEZERRA NETO
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Young sexually and assexually propagated Barbados cherry plants were submitted to water deficit (20 days without irrigation). During this period the accumulation of proline, water potential of branches, osmotic potential, the relative water content of leaves, the leaf diffusive resistance, the transpiration rate and leaf temperature in the cuvette were determined. In addition, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were measured in the porometer cuvette. The concentration of proline for both types of plants began to increase on the fifth day without watering, and reached 38.1 times the concentration in the control plants grown from seeds and 26.4 times the concentration in grafted plants on the tenth day without watering. The lowest levels of leaf water potential in the plants suffering from severe water stress varied from -4.5 to -5.7 MPa, the lowest values being observed in the sexually propagated plants. These plants also showed the highest values for transpiration (0.9 mmol.m-2.s-1) and proline concentration (20.42 mg.g-1 DM), the lowest for relative water content of the leaves (38.4%) and diffusive resistance (940 s.m-1) at the end of the experiment. The Barbados cherry plants developed strategies for surviving drought, with differences between various characteristics, resulting from prolonged stress, which significantly influenced the parameters evaluated, with the exception of leaf temperature.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strawberry F. chilocnsis and F. ×ananassa in Response to Water Stress: I. Leaf Water Potential, Relative Water Content, and Gas Exchange Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601c-601
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Leaf water potential (LWP), relative water content (RWC), gas exchange characteristics, and specific leaf weight (SLW) were measured six hours before, during, and after water stress treatment in F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa grown in growth chambers. The leaves of both species showed significantly lower LWP and RWC as water stress developed. F. ×ananassa had consistency lower LWP under stressed and nonstressed conditions than F. chiloensis. F. ×ananassa had higher RWC under nonstressed conditions, and its RWC decreased more rapidly under water stress than F. chiloensis. In comparison to F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis had significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate (A), leaf conductance (LC), and SLW, but not transpiration rate (Tr), under stressed and nonstressed conditions. LC was the most sensitive gas exchange characteristic to water stress and decreased first. Later, A and stomatal conductance were reduced under more severe water stress. A very high level of Tr was detected in F. ×ananassa under the most severe water stress and did not regain after stress recovery, suggesting a permanent damage to leaf. The Tr of F. chiloensis was affected less by water stress. Severe water stress resulted in higher SLW of both species.

scholarly journals Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12049
Author(s):  
Tekam L. MEGUEKAM ◽  
Dany P. MOUALEU ◽  
Victor D. TAFFOUO ◽  
Hartmut STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (ΦPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and ‘Pl184948’, widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda’ and ‘P244601’ compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948’ for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda’ while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in ΦPSII of ‘P1184948’ compared to ‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601’ and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda’ and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948’ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601’ suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Duration and Temperature in Simulated Dark Shipping on the Subsequent Performance of the Nobile-type Dendrobiums

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Ariningsun P. Cinantya ◽  
Fure-Chyi Chen ◽  
Yao-Chien Alex Chang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Time Required

The popularity of the nobile-type dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile hybrids) has been increasing globally. More information regarding the effects of long-distance shipping, from producing countries to destination market countries, on the post-shipping plant performance is needed. In this study, two nobile-type dendrobium cultivars were subjected to simulated dark shipping (SDS) at various temperatures and durations. Changes in net CO2 uptake rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf relative water content after plants had been treated with SDS were investigated. Furthermore, shipped plants were vernalized to investigate the effect of dark shipping on the subsequent flowering quality. Dark shipping for 7 days at 15 °C did not affect the post-shipping photosynthetic performance of D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Increasing the shipping duration from 7 to 21 days increased the time required for Pn recovery from 1 to 12 days. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty recovered its Pn within 4 days when shipped for 21 days at 10 °C, and this was prolonged to 11 days when the plants were shipped at 20 °C. Changes in Fv/Fm indicated that there was no marked damage to either cultivars, and the leaf relative water content was little affected by SDS. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty and D. Lucky Girl shipped at 10 °C flowered 5 and 8 days earlier, respectively, compared with unshipped plants. Regardless of the shipping conditions, shipped D. Lucky Girl had a lower flower diameter and higher total flower count than unshipped plants. No differences were found in the number of nodes with flowers or the total flower count between shipped and unshipped D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Our study suggested that dark shipping for up to 21 days is possible for nobile-type dendrobiums. We recommend shipping temperatures of 10 to 15 °C to reduce the detrimental effects caused by long-term dark shipping.

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