scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

Differential responses of accessions of native Australian Nicotiana species to water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Michael G. K. Jones ◽  
Stephen J. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water

Thirty-two accessions of four Nicotiana species (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M.Wheeler, Nicotiana simulans N. Burb. and Nicotiana umbratica N.T.Burb.) collected from wild plants in northern Australia were assessed for responses to water stress. Under moderate water stress conditions, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, and relative water content of leaves were significantly affected. However, the degree to which the accessions were affected varied considerably. Some accessions of N. simulans, N. benthamiana and N. occidentalis were significantly more affected by water stress than others. There was significant variation between accessions in leaf and shoot tip wilting times. Initial symptom expression (leaf wilting) was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana, and in one accession of N. umbratica. The least water stress tolerant lines, two accessions each of N. benthamiana, N. occidentalis and N. simulans, exhibited advanced symptoms of water stress (shoot tip wilting) within 14–17 days of cessation of watering. This stage was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana and two accessions N. occidentalis and one accession of each of N. simulans and N. umbratica, which showed tip wilting only after 21–24 days. There were variations among the accessions of same Nicotiana species on their tolerance to water stress. Plant responses to water stress could not be predicted from their plant biomass and leaf relative water content under well-watered conditions. Leaf chlorophyll content was variable under water stress, but did not correlate with water stress tolerance.

Responses of Weedy Rice to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Ding ◽  
Xiao Liang Liu ◽  
Dian Rong Ma ◽  
Xiao Xue Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. Rice is the staple food for more than 23% of world population, so rice anti-drought physiology study is of importance to rice production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace of progress is not so large because of drought resistance being a multiple-gene-control quantitative character. On the other hand, stress adaptive mechanisms are quite different, with stress degree, time course, materials, soil quality status and experimental plots, thus increasing the complexity of the issue in question. Additionally, a little study is related to weedy rice.In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG-6000) are used to generate -1.33MPa and 0MPa water stress in a laboratory condition (28±3°C). Complete randomized design with three replications is used in the study. After 10 days of germination, shoot length, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root numbers are measured; germination percentage, and root to shoot ratio are calculated. Germination index (GI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI) and dry matter stress index (DMSI) are used to evaluate the response of different genotypes to PEG-induced water stress. Results of ANOVA analysis show that responses of weedy rice accessions and cultivated rice varieties to water stress are significant different, demonstrating the germplasm of weedy rice and cultivated rice are diverse which enables us to screen the germplasm tolerant to drought stress.

Effect of PEG mediated water stress on solute accumulation, relative water content, biomass and antioxidant enzymes in rice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadevi Kundur ◽  
Papi Reddy Reddy T. ◽  
Manohar Rao.T.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Water

In rice, several cultivated and upland varieties need to be assessed and analyzed for drought tolerance traits which could be used in screening and breeding programs for drought tolerance. Hence, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of water deficits in two rice cultivars and thereby analyze the role of several physiological traits useful in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. The rice varieties Tellahamsa (TH) and N22 were screened for tolerance to drought. A comparative study was done subjecting them to PEG mediated water stress. Accumulation of solutes, i.e., proline, total free aminoacids and sugars; biomass production, Relative Water Content (RWC) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz., Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase(GR), and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were analyzed in response to water stress. Maximum proline accumulation was seen within 24hrs of stress, after 10 days TH decreased its proline to one-third, whereas in N22 doubled. Although amino acids doubled within 24hrs, gradually they depleted in N22. This may be due to conversion of aminoacids into proline which could be the most compatible solute. Sugars increased within 24hrs, but were depleted in 10days in both. In TH, the shoot and root biomass decreased, whereas in N22 there was a significant increase in root biomass. Shoot and root RWC of N22 was higher than TH under stress. GR increased in both TH and N22, APX and SOD increased only in N22. Proline accumulation, increase of root biomass and antioxidant enzymes such as APX or SOD during water stress are contributing to drought tolerance and could be used in screening for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Study some of Morphological and Physiological Traits of Kurrajong Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) Seedlings Planted under Water Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Shaima A. Karim ◽  
Sirwa A. Qadir ◽  
Halmat A. Sabr
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Relative Water

In this study, Brachychiton populneus seedlings were subjected to drought stress for 90 Days and physiological and morphological characters analyzed to determine their response to water deficit. The growth characters including, height and diameter of shoots, the dry weight of shoots and roots as well as photosynthetic pigment and the leaves content of relative water content were measured to evaluate the effects of drought in the physiological growth of plant. The lowest means; 59 cm and 8 mm of shoot height and diameter respectively were recorded at 30% of water holding capacity of soil (WHC). Drought treated seedlings at both 60% and 30% WHC had lower dry weight of shoots; 9.54 and 8.24 g plant-1 respectively compared  to the control. Consequently, the increase of drought conditions led to enhancement the growth of roots and roots to shoots ratio. The highest increase in the dry weight of roots and roots to shoots ratio were25.96 g plant-1 and 3.19 recorded under severe drought stress condition. Lowest amount of chlorophyll a; 2.94 mg g-1 F W recorded under 30% SWHC. It is found also the total content of chlorophyll in the leaves decreased significantly; 5.86 and 7.88 mg g-1 F W under both levels. While the highest ratio of chlorophyll a: b was 1.59 recorded at 60% SWHC. However, the lowest leave relative water content LRWC%; 86% was recorded under 30% SWHC. These findings may explain the characters of the early growth and physiological responses of, Brachychiton populneus to dehydration and facilitate the selection of drought-resistant tree families.

scholarly journals In vitro screening for drought tolerance of some chickpea varieties in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Salma ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
TH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of the present study was to study physiological response of seven chickpea varieties viz. Binachola-2, Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6, Binachola-7 and Binachola-8 at different levels of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG).  Five different concentrations (0, 20, 35, 50, 60 g/L) of PEG 6000 was added in MS medium to create five different levels of drought stress for  in vitro screening of drought tolerant chick pea varieties. Data were recorded on germination percentage, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content (RWC) and proline content. The seven chickpea varieties differed significantly for different parameters in response to the drought stress. Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 showed the best performance for all the parameters studied. At the highest dose of PEG (60 g/l), in the most water deficient condition, fresh weight was recorded 0.59 g and 0.84 g, Shoot lengths of 2.10 cm and 3.75 cm, root lengths of 1.15 cm and 1.00 cm, turgid weight of 0.960 g and 0.970 g, dry weight of 0.13 g and 0.21 g, relative water contents (RWC) of 85.71% and 83.33% were recorded in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively. Increased proline content was recorded with the increasing level of PEG concentration. Proline content 0.533g/100g FW and 0.598g/100g FW were observed in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively under the influence of PEG at 60 g/l. Data recorded for Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6 and Binachola-8 for the studied parameters revealed that they showed susceptible response against higher drought stress level gen­erated by PEG. The data of this experiment revealed that, the accumulation of proline was significantly greater under drought stress. Thus, it is evident that Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 performed better against drought stress condition. These results of physiological and biochemical parameters may be utilized as a selection indicator for breeding program and used as a baseline for improvement of chickpea varieties in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 110-118, 2016

scholarly journals PENGARUH ASAM GIBERELAT (GA3) DAN KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3) SERTA INTERAKSINYA TERHADAP SENESCENCE BUNGA POTONG GERBERA PUTIH (Gerbera jamesonii).

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Maulidina Agustin ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Concentration Levels

The purpose of this study was to decide whether the mixture of KNO3 and GA3 solutions was more effective than a single solution of KNO3 or GA3 in maintaining the freshness of cut flowers. The study was conducted at the Botanical Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung from November - December 2017. The research was carried out in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment with reason A was the GA3 solution with 3 concentration levels: 0%, 0.5%, and 1%. Factor B is KNO3 solution with 2 concentration levels: 0% and 5%. The limits in this study were fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, and total dissolved carbohydrate content of gerbera cut flowers, qualitative limits were the level of reducing sugars. Measurements were made 7 days after soaking cut flowers in KNO3 or GA3 solutions, and a mixture of both. Homogeneity of variance and analysis of variance were determined at a significant level of 5%. Simple effect of KNO3 at each concentration level of GA3 decide by F test at 5% significance level. The results showed that GA3 with a concentration of 0.25% and 0.5% increased the fresh weight and dry weight of Gerbera cut flowers. KNO3 0.5% much reduced the relative water content of Gerbera cut flowers. The interaction between GA3 and KNO3 does not much effect all freshness of cut flowers. From the results of the study concluded that the single treatment of GA3 was more effective than the combination treatment of GA3 and KNO3 in maintaining the freshness of Gerbera cut flowers.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Accumulation of Proline in Five Rice Varieties (Oryza Sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Shukanta Saha ◽  
Hasna Hena Begum ◽  
Shamima Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Effects Of Drought

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on growth and accumulation of proline in five rice varieties namely BRRI dhan-30, BRRI dhan-32, BRRI dhan-34, BRRI dhan-38 and BRRI dhan-56 and to characterize them on the basis of their behavior of drought tolerance. Drought stress caused the decrease of growth like root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, the ratio of root-shoot length. Among the rice varieties, BRRI dhan-56 showed the lowest decrease of growth of plant. BRRI dhan-56 showed the least decrease of water content in both root and shoot. On the other hand, the accumulation of proline was increased in five rice varieties under stress. BRRI dhan-56 showed the highest (3.7- folds) increase in the accumulation of proline in leaf under stress. This study suggests that BRRI dhan-56 may possess drought tolerance characteristics while BRRI dhan-30, BRRI dhan-32, BRRI dhan-34 and BRRI dhan-38 may be drought sensitive based on their growth and proline accumulation behavior. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(2): 241-247, December 2019

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3): The Influence and Interaction inThe Senescence Process in White Rosa Sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nur Jannah Cortesa ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
White Rose

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the combination of KNO3 and GA3 solutions were more effective than a single solution of KNO3 or GA3 in keeping the freshness of cut flowers. The research was conducted in Botanical Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung from November to December 2017. The experiment was conducted in 2 x 3 factorial experiment with factor A is GA3 solution with 3 concentration level: 0% w/v, 25% w/v, and 0.5% w/v. Factor B is KNO3 solution with 2 concentration levels: 0% w/v and 5% w/v. The parameters of this study were fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, total chlorophyll content, total chlorophyll of leaves, and total carbohydrate content of rose cut flowers. Measurements were made 7 days after the immersion of cut flowers in KNO3 or GA3 solution, and mixed both. Homogeneity of variance and analysis of variance is determined at confidence level 5%. KNO3 simple effect at every level of GA3 concentration is determined by the F test at 5%. The results showed that there was no interaction between GA3 and KNO3 to fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll content a, b and total white roses, but KNO3 reduced fresh weight of cut flowers by 48.15% and dry weight 58.60%. KNO3 increased the relative water content of white rose flowers by 6.85%. The results of the study concluded that the combination of GA3 and KNO3 is not effective to keep the freshness of white rose flowers cut.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

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