Allelic variation for the high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in wild diploid wheat (Triticum urartu) and its comparison with durum wheats

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caballero ◽  
M. A. Martín ◽  
J. B. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Diploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
A Genome

Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat identified as donor of the A genome in polyploid wheats. This species could be used as a genetic resource for wheat quality breeding. The HMWGs and B-LMWGs of this species were analysed by SDS-PAGE in 169 accessions from Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, the former Soviet Union, and Turkey. Seventeen alleles for the Glu-Au1 locus and 24 for the Glu-Au3 locus were found. The allelic variation was asymmetrically distributed, Turkey being the country where the largest number of alleles was found. Genetic diversity was high, although a great part of this diversity is at risk of erosion given that the distribution of the combinations among the evaluated accessions was not random. Consequently, the loss of these accessions could mean the disappearance of the allelic variants. The alleles found for both loci were different from those detected in cultivated wheats. These results provided new basic knowledge regarding the genetic variability of the seed storage proteins synthesised by the Au genome, as well as their potential to create novel germplasm for quality breeding in wheat programs.

Placement of loci for avenins and resistance to Puccinia coronata to a common linkage group in Avena strigosa

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Rayapati ◽  
V. A. Portyanko ◽  
M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 1 Chromosomes

Alcohol-soluble seed storage proteins of oat (avenins) were extracted from two diploid accessions representing the A genome and separated by high-resolution acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polymorphisms were detected for three clearly resolved protein bands. Linkage analysis of 88 F2:3 families mapped the three bands to a single locus. Integration of avenin segregation data with an RFLP linkage map constructed from the same population, mapped the avenin locus to a linkage group containing a locus conferring resistance to nine isolates of Puccinia coronata. Linkage between genes encoding alcohol-soluble seed proteins and genes for resistance to Puccinia species was also observed for the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of barley (1H), rye (1R), wheat (1A, 1B, 1D), and chromosomes 4 and 10 of maize.Key words: genetics, seed protein, disease resistance.

Genetic Map of Diploid Wheat, Triticum monococcum L., and Its Comparison With Maps of Hordeum vulgare L.

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 983-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Ming-Cheng Luo ◽  
Gan-Yuan Zhong ◽  
Ronda Bransteitter ◽  
Amrita Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Diploid Wheat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Triticeae Genome ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Abstract A genetic map of diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L., involving 335 markers, including RFLP DNA markers, isozymes, seed storage proteins, rRNA, and morphological loci, is reported. T. monococcum and barley linkage groups are remarkably conserved. They differ by a reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of chromosomes 4 and 5, and paracentric inversions in the long arm of chromosomes 1 and 4; the latter is in a segment of chromosome arm 4L translocated to 5L in T. monococcum. The order of the markers in the inverted segments in the T. monococcum genome is the same as in the B and D genomes of T. aestivum L. The T. monococcum map differs from the barley maps in the distribution of recombination within chromosomes. The major 5s rRNA loci were mapped on the short arms of T. monococcum chromosomes 1 and 5 and the long arms of barley chromosomes 2 and 3. Since these chromosome arms are colinear, the major 5s rRNA loci must be subjected to positional changes in the evolving Triticeae genome that do not perturb chromosome colinearity. The positional changes of the major 5s rRNA loci in Triticeae genomes are analogous to those of the 18S5.8S26S rRNA loci.

scholarly journals Distinct regulatory modules identified in the promoters of wheat Glu-1 genes suggest different regulatory mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Makai ◽  
Laszlo Tamas ◽  
Angela Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Regulatory Modules ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Specific Regulation

High molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat are economically important seed storage proteins. They are coded by paralog pairs of the Glu-1 gene on each of the three genomes in the hexaploid wheat. Their expressions are under both temporal and spatial control. Many factors have been identified that influence the activity of Glu-1 genes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In order to identify motifs and motif clusters responsible for quantitative regulation of Glu-1 gene expressions, promoter profiles and transcription dynamics of the genes were analysed. It was found that promoter motif compositions of homoeolog Glu-1 genes are conserved. Our results demonstrated that while promoter profiles explain the differences of expression between homoeologs and between paralogs, it does not explain the variation of activity between alleles. Interestingly, our analyses revealed that the promoters of Glu-1 genes are divided into six cis-regulatory modules that are either locally overrepresented by binding sites belonging to unique but distinct transcription factor (TF) families or have conserved motif clusters. Moreover, our analyses demonstrated that the varying expression dynamics of TFs across genotypes is likely to be the primary contributor of the allelic variation of Glu-1 gene expressions. Thus, the six putative cis-regulatory modules in the Glu-1 gene promoters bound by the differentially expressed TFs are suggested to play a key role in the quantitative and tissue specific regulation of these genes.

Protein disulphide isomerase promoter sequence analysis of Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides and Aegilops tauschii

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Prabhu Dhanapal ◽  
Mario Ciaffi ◽  
Enrico Porceddu ◽  
Elisa d'Aloisio
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Protein Disulphide Isomerase

Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) catalyses the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in the newly synthesized secretory proteins. Plant PDIs have been shown to be involved in the folding and deposition of seed storage proteins, which makes this enzyme particularly interesting in wheat, as flour quality is strongly affected by composition and structure of seed storage proteins. In hexaploid wheat cultivar (AABBDD) Chinese Spring (CS), the genomic, complementary DNA and promoter sequences of the three homoeologous gene encoding PDI had been isolated and characterized in a previous study revealing high levels of sequence conservation. In this study, we report the isolation and sequencing of a ~700 bp region, comprising ~600 bp of the putative promoter region and 88 bp of the first exon of the typical PDI gene, in five accessions each from Triticum urartu (AA), Aegilops speltoides (BB) and Aegilops tauschii (DD). Sequence analysis indicated large variation among sequences belonging to the different genomes, while close similarity was found within each species and with the corresponding homoeologous PDI sequences of Triticum aestivum cv. CS (AABBDD) resulting in an overall high conservation of the regulatory motifs conferring endosperm-specific expression.

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

scholarly journals A Single Seed Protein Extraction Protocol for Characterizing Brassica Seed Storage Proteins

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Bronwyn J. Barkla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Hazardous Chemical

Rapeseed oil-extracted expeller cake mostly contains protein. Various approaches have been used to isolate, detect and measure proteins in rapeseeds, with a particular focus on seed storage proteins (SSPs). To maximize the protein yield and minimize hazardous chemical use, isolation costs and the loss of seed material, optimization of the extraction method is pivotal. For some studies, it is also necessary to minimize or avoid seed-to-seed cross-contamination for phenotyping and single-tissue type analysis to know the exact amount of any bioactive component in a single seed, rather than a mixture of multiple seeds. However, a simple and robust method for single rapeseed seed protein extraction (SRPE) is unavailable. To establish a strategy for optimizing SRPE for downstream gel-based protein analysis, yielding the highest amount of SSPs in the most economical and rapid way, a variety of different approaches were tested, including variations to the seed pulverization steps, changes to the compositions of solvents and reagents and adjustments to the protein recovery steps. Following SRPE, 1D-SDS-PAGE was used to assess the quality and amount of proteins extracted. A standardized SRPE procedure was developed and then tested for yield and reproducibility. The highest protein yield and quality were obtained using a ball grinder with stainless steel beads in Safe-Lock microcentrifuge tubes with methanol as the solvent, providing a highly efficient, economic and effective method. The usefulness of this SRPE was validated by applying the procedure to extract protein from different Brassica oilseeds and for screening an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant population of Brassica rapa R-0-18. The outcomes provide useful methodology for identifying and characterizing the SSPs in the SRPE.

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