Observations on the removal of Oesophagostomum columbianum Curtice from sheep grazing on green oats and on pastures.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Southcott
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Clover Pasture

Field trials in 1951 and 1952 confirmed previous observations on the evacuation of adult Oesophagostomum columbianum Curtice from sheep which graze continuously on green oats. Ingestion of phalaris-subterranean clover or red clover pasture also resulted in the evacuation of some O. columbianum but was much less effective in this regard. Evacuation of O. columbianum from sheep on green oats was not complete and was associated with softening, and lowering of the pH, of the faeces. The phenomenon occurred both with and without a considerable increase in liveweight. Some of the factors associated with oat-grazing which may influence removal of O. columbianum are discussed.

The performance of young sheep grazing pastures sown to combinations of lucerne or subterranean clover with ryegrass or phalaris

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
KFM Reed ◽  
RW Snaydon ◽  
A Axelsen
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
High Production ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Clover Pasture

Young sheep were rotationally grazed, at two stocking rates, on pasture sown to combinations of two legume species (lucerne or subterranean clover) and two grass species (a mixture of annual and biennial ryegrass or phalaris) at Canberra. Liveweight gains were 45 per cent greater, and wool production was 10 per cent greater, on the lucerne dominant pasture (87 per cent lucerne) than on the grass dominant subterranean clover pasture (8 per cent subterranean clover). The differences were maximum during summer, but also occurred during spring. Mortality and supplementary feed requirement on grass dominant pasture was double that on lucerne pasture. Liveweight gains were 13 per cent greater on pasture sown to ryegrass than on pasture sown to phalaris. Sheep mortality was eight times greater on the phalaris than on the ryegrass pasture, and survival feed requirements at least double. The superior animal production from lucerne pasture was due mainly to the ability of lucerne to grow during periods of low rainfall and to maintain a high production of legume in the pasture.

The effect of the quantity and quality of pasture available to sheep on their grazing behaviour

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

During the spring of 1969 four originally similar plots of a Phalaris tuberosa subterranean clover pasture were grazed at different stocking levels to produce a range in levels of pasture availability. The plots were subsequently grazed at 12, 16, 20, and 24 sheep per acre in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. On these pastures, as the amount of pasture available decreased, there was a significant increase both in the nitrogen content of available material and in the diet selected by oesophageal-fistulated sheep grazing them. These differences in the quantity and quality of available pasture produced significant changes in the grazing behaviour of sheep. Grazing time showed a linear increase with decreasing pasture availability, but the rate of increase in grazing time was insufficient to maintain liveweight. Ruminating time was significantly reduced as pasture availability declined. There were considerable differences between sheep in their ability to increase their grazing times as pasture availability decreased. These differences could be of considerable practical implication.

Effects of pasture type on the growth and wool production of weaner sheep during summer and autumn

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Kenny ◽  
KFM Reed
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Persian Clover

The productivity of weaner sheep grazing lucerne, white clover, red clover or Persian clover and pastures sown with subterranean clover and perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot or tall fescue, was measured in summer-autumn trials incorporating four soil types in each of three years. During summer and autumn, the mean growth rate of sheep grazing lucerne, white clover or Persian clover pastures was 50 g/d compared with 1 g/d for sheep grazing perennial grass-subterranean clover pastures. Sheep grazing strawberry clover on reclaimed swampland, and sheep in a feedlot (fed hay and lupin grain) averaged 100 and 75 g/d, respectively. Sheep grazing red clover averaged 45 g/d over years 1 and 2. In year 2, a subterranean clover-dominant pasture was included in the study. Its feeding value was similar to that of the perennial grass-subterranean clover pastures. Sheep grazing legume pastures, and sheep in the feedlot, consistently produced more wool (up to 700 g/head) than sheep grazing the perennial grass-subterranean clover pastures. The concentration of neutral detergent fibre in herbage from legume pastures was frequently lower (P< 0.05) and the concentration of crude protein was frequently higher (P< 0.05) than in herbage from grass pastures. The dry matter digestibility of legume herbage was higher (P<0. 05) than that of grass herbage on only one occasion. Measurements of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre of pasture in December accounted for 67% of the variation in liveweight gain (P<0.01). Ewe weaners grazing red clover pasture exhibited an increase (P< 0.05) in teat length of 3.9 mm in 21d of grazing. Oestrous activity of ewe weaners was related to liveweight gain (r = 0.77). The implications of the results for agricultural systems are discussed.

Free and conjugated isoflavones in the plasma of sheep following ingestion of oestrogenic clover

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Shutt ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
HR Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Sheep Grazing

The plasma of sheep grazing various species of oestrogenic clover contained water-soluble conjugates of daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A, chiefly in the form of glucuronides, in concentrations up to 40 µg/100 ml. In sheep pen-fed on red clover or subterranean clover (cv. Dinninup and Yarloop) the total concentration of these four isoflavones 3–5 hr after feeding ranged from 150 to 720 µg/100 ml plasma, of which 1–2% only was present in "free" (i.e. unconjugated) form; by 24 hr the plasma level had fallen to < 5 µg/100 ml plasma. Preconditioning the pen-fed sheep to oestrogenic clover, or adding lucerne to the diet, had no significant effect on the concentration of "free" or conjugated isoflavones in the plasma and had no inhibitory effect on the uterine weight response. Comparison of the composition of circulating isoflavones to that of the clover ingested indicated partial demethylation of formononetin to daidzein and of biochanin A to genistein, and suggested that genistein and biochanin A were degraded more rapidly than formononetin or daidzein in the sheep. Equol, a metabolite previously isolated from the urine of sheep treated with formononetin, was present in the plasma at a concentration of 50–170 µg/100 ml 24 hr after feeding.

Studies on the diet of the grazing animal. I. Seasonal changes in the diet of sheep grazing on pastures of different availability and composition

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
J Ball ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
IG Bush
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Species Declines ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Clover Pasture

The diet of grazing sheep was studied by using animals with oesophageal fistulas. Seasonal changes in the botanical and chemical composition of the diet when grazing Phalaris–annual grasses–subterranean clover pasture are described. The effect of grazing intensity on diet is considered. A comparison was made of diets on seven pasture species. None of the species examined had a useful qualitative superiority over Phalaris either in winter or in summer, when the digestibility of this species declines considerably. Relations between botanical and chemical composition of the diet and the pasture are discussed. Significant relations were established between the nitrogen and soluble carbohydrate contents of diets and their digestibility.

Study of the fate of phyto-oestrogens in the sheep by determination of isoflavones and coumestrol in the plasma and adipose tissue

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Uterine Growth

A method is presented for the specific determination in plasma or adipose tissue of sheep of the phyto-oestrogens genistein (G), biochanin A (BA), formononetin (F), daidzein (D), pratensein, and coumestrol. The method is based on selective extraction, paper chromatography, spectrophotometry and fluorometry, and use of radioactive recovery standards. A modification including gas chromatography is also described. Intraruminal administration to sheep of the synthetic isoflavones G, BA, or F gave rise within 2½ hr to detectable blood levels of the compound infused. In addition, intraruminal administration of BA and F was followed by the appearance of G and D, respectively, in blood and fat depots. Such O-demethylation at the C4 position was also observed after intramuscular injection of BA or F, and in sheep grazing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and red clover (T. pratense). Plasma levels of free G above 5 µg/100 ml (excluding circulating isoflavone conjugated as glucuronide) were associated with maximal uterine growth response in ovariectomized ewes, while levels of 1–5 µg/100 ml appeared to elicit a graded uterine response; free plasma F and D levels above 0.5 �g/100 ml seem to be required for detectable uterotrophic action in the 5-day assay used. G, BA, F, and D were present in the plasma of sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Yarloop in concentrations adequate to explain the observed uterine growth response, but in sheep grazing red clover, the plasma levels seemed too low to account fully for the oestrogenic action of this pasture. No free isoflavones were detected in plasma from sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Marrar, despite the high isoflavone content of the pasture.

scholarly journals Pasture production and liveweight gain from cocksfoot-subterranean clover pastures grazed at two stocking rates and closed at different times during spring

2008 ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ates ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Clover Pasture

The effect of stocking rate (8.3 (low) and 13.9 (high) ewes + twin lambs/ha) and time of closing in spring on lamb liveweight gain, pasture production and subterranean clover seedling densities was monitored over 2 years for a dryland cocksfoot-subterranean clover pasture in Canterbury. Keywords: cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata, closing date, liveweight gain, seedling density, sheep grazing, stocking rate, subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum

A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS' RESEARCH WITH RED CLOVERS UNDER GRAZING IN SOUTHLAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Summer Growth

In a series of trials at Grasslands Gore, over 10 years, the late-flowering tetraploid red clover 'Grassland Pawera' was more productive and persistent than other red clover cultivars. The strong summer growth of Pawera meets the need for heavy-weight lamb feed and high quality forage for conservation in intensive sheep farming systems in Southland. Lenient. infrequent defoliation is necessary to maximise DM production and persistence of Pawera. The most compatible of the grasses evaluated was 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue. However, 'Grasslands Nui' ryegrass will still be the major grass sown with Pawera owing to its widespread acceptance. In ryegrass mixtures, sowing rates of 5-7 kg/ha of red clover were needed to optimise establishment and subsequent yield. Evidence of oestrogenic activity of Pewera to sheep prompted Grasslands Division to select within Pawera for a low formononetin cultivar. Keywords: red clover, Pawera. Hamua, Turoa. G21. G22, G27. oestrogenic activity, Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris. Southland, sheep grazing, frequency, intensity, quality. seasonal growth

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenic potential in the pasture legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhyut Kumar Banik ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Phillip Nichols ◽  
Kioumars Ghamkhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) is an important annual pasture legume for the wheatbelt of southern Australia and has been found to have lower levels of methane output than other pasture legumes when fermented by rumen microbes. Thirty accessions of the biserrula core germplasm collection were grown in the glasshouse to examine intra-specific variability in in vitro rumen fermentation, including methane output. One biserrula cultivar (Casbah) was also grown at two field locations to confirm that low methanogenic potential was present in field-grown samples. All of the biserrula accessions had significantly reduced methane [range 0.5–8.4 mL/g dry matter (DM)] output compared with subterranean clover (28.4 mL/g DM) and red clover (36.1 mL/g DM). There was also significant variation in fermentability profiles (except for volatile fatty acids) among accessions of the core collection. Methanogenic potential exhibited 86% broad-sense heritability within the biserrula core collection. The anti-methanogenic and gas-suppressing effect of biserrula was also confirmed in samples grown in the field. In conclusion, biserrula showed variability in in vitro fermentation traits including reduced methane production compared with controls. This bioactivity of biserrula also persists in the field, indicating scope for further selection of biserrula as an elite methane-mitigating pasture.

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