Short-term effects of level of dry matter intake upon milk yield, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and some blood constituents of Hereford cows

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs ◽  
DJ Brett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Calf Growth

The effect of two levels of feed intake (lucerne hay with mean digestible organic matter intakes (DOMI) of 6.1 and 9.1 kg/animal/day) on milk yield, calf growth rate, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids and glucose) of suckled Hereford cows in their second and third month of lactation was measured to determine the most accurate indicators of intake of nutrients. Milk yields of cows averaged 5.0 and 6.1 kg/day on low and high intakes respectively, but production was extremely variable and poorly correlated with DOMI (r = 0.33). Calf growth rates were correlated with the milk yield of dams (r = 0.41) and with DOMI (r = 0.37). The fatty acid composition of milk fat provided the most repeatable (coefficient of variation of 6%) and reliable index of the feed intake, correlations being 0.71 with C4–C16 acids and –0.65 with oleic acid. Dry matter restriction decreased the proportion of C4–C16 acids (68.5% to 62.3%), while the proportion of oleic acid increased (17.0% to 21.9%). Cows responded rapidly to the level of feeding imposed, and no residual effects of previous feeding treatments were measured after 14 days. Non-esterified fatty acid levels in blood increased with restriction of feed (244–377 µ-equiv.11) and were poorly correlated (r = –0.16) with the intake, while the glucose content did not vary (mean of 70.6 mg/100 ml). It was concluded that the fatty acid composition of milk fat provides a reliable index of variation in the level of nutrient intake by suckled beef cows and could be used in short-term grazing studies.

Milk yield and composition of milk and blood as indicators of energy intake by Jersey cows

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs ◽  
DJ Brett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Jersey Cows

Jersey cows were used in a change-over design to examine the effect of three levels of energy intake (lucerne hay at 100, 75 and 50% ad lib.) on milk yield, milk composition, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and total ketones) to determine which measurement was the most accurate indicator of intake of energy. Milk yields averaged 9.9, 8.7 and 7.2 kg/cow/day with relative intakes of 100, 75 and 50% of ad lib. When energy was restricted the proportion of C4–C16 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (72, 69 and 59%), while the proportion of oleic acid increased (15, 18 and 26%). These changes occurred within approximately 6 days on new energy levels. Fore milk and strippings had similar fatty acid proportions. Restriction of energy reduced the solids not fat, protein and casein contents of milk, and increased its butter fat percentage. Non-esterifred fatty acid levels in blood plasma increased with restriction of feed (348, 528 and 579 µ-equiv./l). Glucose and ketone bodies of blood averaged 58 mg/100 ml and 9.1 mg/100 mi respectively, and did not vary between treatments. It is concluded that milk production is the most sensitive indicator of the intake of digestible energy where change-over designs are used. However, when individual animal variation is not removed in the analysis, the intake of energy is most closely correlated with the fatty acid composition of milk fat (r = 0.73 and –0.74 for C4–C16 acids and oleic acid respectively). Significant correlations with the protein to fat and casein to fat ratios of milk were also measured (r = 0.64 and 0.63 respectively). There was a poor relationship between energy intake and blood composition (r = –0.25 for non-esterified fatty acid content).

Effect of increased milking frequency and residual milk removal on milk production and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
Lucia Kovac ◽  
Kevin J Shingfield ◽  
Sigrid Agenäs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milking Frequency

It has been well established that milk yield is affected both by milking frequency and due to the removal of residual milk, but the influence of a combination of these factors is unclear. In this study, four mid-lactation cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to test the hypothesis that the effects of more frequent milking and residual milk removal on milk yield and composition are additive and alter milk fatty acid composition. Treatments comprised two or four times daily milking in combination with (or without) residual milk removal over a 96 h interval preceded by a 2 d pretreatment period and followed by a 8 d washout in each 14 d experimental period. Milk was sampled at each milking for the analysis of gross composition and SCC. Samples of available and residual milk collected on the last milking during each treatment period were collected and submitted for fatty acid composition analysis. Increases in milking frequency and residual milk removal alone or in combination had no effect on milk yield or on the secretion of lactose and protein in milk. However, residual milk removal during more frequent milking increased milk fat yield. Milking treatments had no major influence on the fatty acid composition of available milk, but resulted in rather small changes in the relative abundance of specific fatty acids, with no evidence that the additive effects of treatments were due to higher utilisation of preformed fatty acids relative to fatty acid synthesis de novo. For all treatments, fat composition of available and residual milk was rather similar indicating a highly uniform fatty acid composition of milk fat within the mammary gland.

scholarly journals The effect of feed grains of the fatty acid composition of milk fat

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Veikko Kankare ◽  
Veijo Antila
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Softening Effect ◽  
Milk Cows

Finnish milk fat is relatively hard, particularly during the indoor feeding period. For reasons of both dairy technology and nutrition, however, it would be advantageous to obtain a softer fat. On the basis of the initial experiments, it would appear that the feed concentrates used, particularly their grain component, have a effect on the composition of milk fat. For this reasons, a comparative study of the effect of oats and barley on the fatty acid composition of milk fat was being carried out in the winter of 1983. In a comparison of barley and oats, it was observed that the iodine value of the milk in the experimental group which was fed barley was 5.1 units lower than that of the group fed oats. By itself, the feeding of barley alone was also responsible fora sharp decrease in iodine values when compared to the results obtained during the pre-experimental phase during which the cows were fed barley and oats in a ratio of 1:1.The softening effect of oats on milk fat appeared to be slight when the results from the experimental phase were compared to those of the pre-experimental phase. In a comparison of the fatty acid composition of milk fat in samples from the barley and oats groups, it was found that the greatest differences were in the amounts of palmitic acid (C16) and oleic acid (C18:1) present. The amount of palmitic acid in the milk fat of the barley group was 36.6 %, and in that of the oats group 30.2 %. The corresponding amounts of oleic acid were 14.7 % and 22.1 %. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that oats should be preferred in making up feed concentrate mixtures for milk cows.

Feeding maize to maintain milk yields during a short period of low pasture availability

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
RT Cowan ◽  
TM Dainson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Short Period

Twenty-four Friesian and Friesian cross cows in mid-lactation were used in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment to study the immediate and residual effects on milk yield of feeding concentrate during a 4 week period of low pasture availability. Cows grazing pastures of 1800 kg DM ha-1 averaged 6.5 and 9.3 kg milk cow-1 day-1 when fed 0 and 3 kg maize cow-1 day-1 respectively (P < 0.01). Cows on pastures of 3300 kg DM ha-1 averaged 13.0 kg milk cow-1 day-1 at both levels of maize feeding. After 4 weeks cows returned to a common pasture and residual effects of treatments on milk yields were nil after 3 weeks. Four to 8 weeks after treatments were removed, changes in liveweight and fatty acid composition of milk fat suggested cows previously on pastures of low availability had higher pasture intakes than cows from pastures of high availability.

Effect on cow performance and milk fat composition of including full fat soyabeans and rapeseeds in the concentrate mixture for lactating dairy cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Murphy ◽  
Gerald P. McNeill ◽  
James F. Connolly ◽  
Patrick A. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Cow Performance

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to determine the effect on milk yield, milk composition and composition and physical properties of milk fat of giving full fat soyabeans (FFS) and full fat rapeseeds (FFR) to dairy cows. In both experiments grass silage was provided ad lib. and constituted over 50% of the dry matter (DM) intake of the cows. In experiment 1, cows received 7·25 kg/d of a concentrate mixture containing 240 g/kg of extruded FFS or 7·25 kg/d of a mixture without soyabeans. Cow performance was not significantly affected by the inclusion of FFS but fatty acid composition of the milk fat was greatly altered. The contents of C8:0 to C16:0 were significantly reduced (P < 0·001) while the contents of C18:0, C18:l and C18:2 were significantly increased (P < 0·001). Milk fat produced during feeding on FFS concentrate had a significantly lower content of solid fat at temperatures between 0 and 25 °C compared with milk fat produced when FFS was not given. In experiment 2, cows received concentrate mixtures containing either no whole rapeseed, 150 g/kg of whole unground FFR or 150 g/kg of ground FFR. Milk yield was significantly higher and silage DM intake significantly lower with the ground FFR concentrate compared with the other two diets but milk composition was not significantly different among treatments. FFR inclusion, either ground or unground, reduced diet digestibility. Changes in fatty acid composition of the milk fat were similar to those observed with FFS inclusion but the effect was larger with ground FFR compared with unground FFR. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed a lower solid fat content when the FFR diets were employed with the effect being greatest with ground FFR.

INFLUENCE OF PREBIOTIC PREPARATION USE DURING THE PERIOD OF INCREASING MILK YIELD ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY VALUES OF FIRST-CALF COWS’ MILK

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
А.В. ПАНИН ◽  
В.А. САФОНОВ ◽  
А.В. ВОСТРОИЛОВ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Testing Group

Проведен научно-хозяйственный опыт по изучению влияния добавки с пребиотической активностью на жирнокислотный состав липидной фракции молока и показатели молочной продуктивности коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы. Были сформированы 2 группы по 16 голов с учетом молочной продуктивности. В кормлении обеих групп использовался один рацион, дополнительно к которому в первые 100 дней лактации опытная группа получала добавку с пребиотической активностью в количестве 250 г на 1 голову в день. Установлено, что за 305 дней лактации от животных опытной группы по сравнению с контрольной получено больше молока на 790 кг и молочного жира — на 25,4 кг (Р<0,1). Наибольшая разница в показателях суточного удоя наблюдалась в период применения добавки с пребиотической активностью и в течение 3 мес после. Анализ колебаний уровня жирности молока в течение 305 дней лактации, равно как и жирнокислотного состава липидной фракции проб молока, не показал достоверных различий между данными двух групп. Отсутствие статистически значимых отличий в жирнокислотном составе на фоне статистически значимой (Р<0,1) разницы в показателях молочной продуктивности позволяет сделать вывод, что эффект увеличения молочной продуктивности был обусловлен действием пребиотической добавки. Scientific and economic research was conducted to study the influence of a feed additive possessing prebiotic activity on fatty-acid composition of the lipid fraction of milk, and the values of milk yield for first-calf cows of the black-and-white breed. 2 groups with 16 each according to milk yield were created. Both groups were fed the same diet; during the first 100 days of lactation the testing group was receiving the additive possessing prebiotic activity in the amount of 250 g per 1 animal per day in addition to regular feed. It was found that during 305 days of lactation the animals belonging to the testing group produced 790 kg more milk and 25.4 kg more milk fat (P<0.1) compared to the control group. The greatest difference in the values of daily milk yield was observed during the period of using the additive possessing prebiotic activity and in the following 3 months. The analysis of fluctuations in milk fat content during 305 days of lactation, as well as the fatty-acid composition of the lipid fraction of milk samples, showed no significant differences between the data of the two groups. The lack of statistically significant differences in fatty-acid composition on the background of statistically significant (P<0.1) difference in milk yield values allows to conclude that the effect of increasing milk production was caused by the influence of the prebiotic additive.

Identification of genes affecting milk fat and fatty acid composition in Vrindavani crossbred cattle using 50 K SNP-Chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Cedric Gondro ◽  
Andrea Renata da Silva Romero ◽  
A. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Snp Chip

Seasonal variations in the composition and thermal properties of New Zealand milk fat: I. Fatty-acid composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Weight Percentage

SummaryThe fatty-acid composition of 17 samples of New Zealand milk fat obtained throughout one dairy season is reported.The weight percentage of butyric (C4:0) acid was significantly correlated with that of caproic (C6:0) acid and that of caprylic (C8:0) acid. Percentages of C6:0and C8:0showed a highly significant correlation with each other and with weight percentages of capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0) acids.There was a highly significant negative correlation between palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids and between C4:0and C16:0acids. Oleic (C18:1) acid showed significant negative correlations with C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, myristic (C14:0) and C16:0acids.

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