Yield potential of reduced-branching lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) on sandy soils in a short season environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hamblin ◽  
R Delane ◽  
A Bishop ◽  
J Gladstones

Experiments that compare the yield potential of reduced branching narrow-leafed lupins with that of the conventional branched types show that on sandy soils of low water-holding capacity in a short season environment, reduced-branching lupins have a higher yield potential than current cultivars. The yield potential of these new types appears to be maintained over a wide range of environmental yield levels. L. angustifolius was higher yielding than L. albus or L. cosentinii genotypes of similar maturity.

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. El-Asswad ◽  
A.O. Said ◽  
M.T. Mornag

Author(s):  
В. Сотченко ◽  
А. Горбачёва ◽  
А. Панфилов ◽  
Н. Казакова ◽  
И. Ветошкина

Полевые опыты проведены в 20162018 годах на опытных полях ВНИИ кукурузы в п. Пятигорский Предгорного района Ставропольского края и в Институте агроэкологии филиале Южно-Уральского ГАУ в с. Миасское Красноармейского района Челябинской области. Цель исследований изучить потенциал урожая раннеспелых гибридов кукурузы и уборочную влажность зерна в разных климатических зонах, выявить гибриды, гарантирующие стабильно высокий урожай зерна в условиях Южного Урала. Одной из важнейших экологических особенностей кукурузы является её широкая норма реакции на изменение условий среды, показателем проявления которой выступает пластичность и стабильность. Было проведено изучение основных хозяйственно ценных показателей девяти раннеспелых гибридов кукурузы трёх селекционных учреждений РФ при оптимальном сроке посева в двух географических точках (Северо-Кавказском и Уральском регионах РФ). Анализ нормы и стабильности реакции гибридов кукурузы по урожаю зерна на условия вегетации позволил отнести все изучаемые гибриды к среднепластичным. Значение нормы линейной реакции (r 0,71) свидетельствует об усилении отзывчивости гибридов на улучшение условий среды. Низкостабильными оказались только два гибрида: Машук 150 МВ и Ладожский 148 СВ. Остальные гибриды относятся к высокостабильной группе. Экологическая стабильность реакции слабо связана с урожаем зерна (r 0,26). Высокоурожайными на Южном Урале оказались гибриды кукурузы Уральский 150 и Обский 140 СВ. Гибрид кукурузы очень раннего срока цветения Кубанский 101 СВ был самым низкоурожайным и низкорослым в обоих пунктах. Лучший гибрид кукурузы для условий Южного Урала Уральский 150: при среднем урожае зерна за 3 года 6,5 т/га его уборочная влажность составила 31,7. Field trials took place in 20162018. The aim to select the best short-season maize hybrids for the South Urals and evaluate their yield potential as well as grain moisture content at harvest under different environmental conditions. Maize has a wide range of responses to environment defining its plasticity and stability. Economically important traits of nine short season maize hybrids obtained from three Breeding Institutions were analyzed in the North Caucasus and Ural regions of Russia under optimal seeding date. Hybrid yields showed medium variation as a response to growth conditions. Linear reaction norm model (r 0.71) represented sensitivity increase to improved conditions. Mashuk 150 MV and Ladozhskiy 148 SV hybrids were the most sensitive to environmental changes. Other hybrids had similar performance across different environments. Low trait variation under different conditions affected grain yield insignificantly (r 0.26). Uralskiy 150 and Obskiy 140 SV had high productivity in the South Urals. Extra short-season Kubanskiy 101 SV hybrid showed the lowest productivity and height at both locations. Uralskiy 150 hybrid was the most productive in the South Urals: for 3 years its grain yield amounted to 6.5 t ha-1, grain moisture content at harvest 31.7.


GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres S. Basso ◽  
Fernando E. Miguez ◽  
David A. Laird ◽  
Robert Horton ◽  
Mark Westgate

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivapalan

The productivity of sandy soils is mostly limited by their low water-holding capacity and excessive deep percolation losses, which reduce the efficiency of water and fertiliser use by plants. The effect of a crosslinked-type polyacrylamide, ALCOSORB 400, on water-holding capacity of a sandy soil, siliceous sands, was studied under the laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Water-holding capacity of the soil exposed to 0.01 MPa increased by 23 and 95% by adding 0.03 and 0.07% of polyacrylamide to the soil, respectively. This indicated that the soil treated with polyacrylamide was able to store more water than untreated soil, thereby reducing the potential losses due to deep percolation in sandy soils. However, the polyacrylamide in the treated soil did not significantly increase the quantity of water released from the soil by increasing the pressure from 0.01 to 1.5 MPa. The results from the first glasshouse experiment demonstrated that the excess amount of water stored in the soil by polyacrylamide was available to plants and resulted in higher water use and grain production. Consequently, there was a 12 and 18 fold increase in water use efficiency of soybean plants grown in soils treated with 0.03 and 0.07% polyacrylamide, respectively. The results from the second glasshouse experiment demonstrated that increasing amounts of polyacrylamides in a sandy soil can extend the irrigation interval without any adverse effect on the grain yield of soybeans.


Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Jianmin Bian ◽  
Hanli Wan ◽  
Nan Wei ◽  
Yuxi Ma

Abstract Quantifying the manners in which biological activity may alter the hydraulic properties of soils (SWCCs) is vital for understanding and engineering water pollution and supply systems. The study used centrifugation and a sand funnel method to determine the SWCCs of pure sandy soils with different particle sizes and sandy soils mixed with different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) analogs. Sensitivity of correlated parameters for SWCCs obtained using a van Genuchten (VG) model was analyzed by a single-factor perturbation analysis. The results show (1) that fine sand has the strongest water retention ability. (2) The more polysaccharide contents in the media, the stronger its water-holding capacity. Polysaccharide not only has its strong water holding capacity, but also changed the structure of medium to increase water holding capacity. The humic acid and protein components had little effect on the hydrodynamic properties of fine sandy soil. (3) Sensitivity analyses revealed that the saturated water content, θs, greatly affected the ability of solute transport to reach equilibrium concentrations. Therefore, it is very necessary to define the range of media particles and component content,and ensure the accuracy of VG model parameters in the practical application of soil media affected by biological activity.


2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagya Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Anton Fischer

We studied distribution pattern of the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume with respect to (i) site characteristics and host conditions, and (ii) the type and intensity of land use in Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal. We established a 1.5 km grid net and analyzed epiphytic orchids at each point, searching for 10 trees as close as possible to the grid point. There we analyzed bark water-holding capacity, bark pH, bark roughness and light intensity. We assessed the probability of the occurrence of R. retusa in different land use patterns. Our results indicated that R. retusa was not a host-specific orchid species. It was found on different host tree species. However, Ficus religiosa was the most common host species. The correlation between R. retusa occurrence and microclimate condition was weak. R. retusa, to a certain degree, preferred light intensity of 40-80% of full sun light, rough bark with pH around 6.5 and bark with a wide range of water holding capacity. The distribution pattern of R. retusa was influenced by certain types of land use. The probability to find R. retusa was highest in forest patches and parks and lowest in agricultural and dense populated area. The study reveals that to improve the population size of R. retusa, trees (mainly Alnus nepalensis, Ficus religiosa and Schima wallichii) should be planted in areas where the orchid species is recently missing.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5956 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 90-99


1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ French ◽  
K McCarthy ◽  
WL Smart

Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed yields at various plant population densities were studied in 33 separate experiments throughout the wheatbelt of Western Australia between 1987 and 1990. The experiments were designed to test the hypotheses that optimum plant population densities for lupins vary between environments and between cultivars. Another objective was the development of a framework for sowing rate recommendations from a large data set derived from sowing rate experiments. Two types of equation were fitted to each data set by nonlinear regression: one described an asymptotic response, the other a response where yield reached a maximum but declined at higher densities. The second type of equation was used to describe a data set if the residual mean square was significantly lower than for the asymptotic equation. In all, 122 individual responses were fitted, of these only 13 were not adequately described by the asymptotic model. Optimum density was chosen according to an economic criterion (when marginal revenue from an increase in plant population density equalled marginal cost). This was equivalent to choosing the point where the slope of the response curve was 0.004 t.m2/ha.plant (equivalent to 0.4 g/plant). Optimum density ranged from 14 to 138 plants/m2 and was linearly related to yield potential, which we defined as either the asymptotic yield value, or the maximum yield for responses that did not approach an asymptote. Yield potential ranged from 0.13 to 4.1 t/ha. The relationship between optimum density and yield potential was the same for cvv. Danja, Gungurru, and Yorrel, and for a reduced branching breeding line (75A/329). It was also the same on soils classified as good or poor for lupins. We suggest that the relationship between optimum density and yield potential will be useful in determining target plant densities for lupins under a wide range of conditions in Western Australia, and that the techniques should prove useful in producing recommendations from density experiments in other agricultural regions.


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