Distribution pattern of the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostylis retusa under strong human influence in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagya Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Anton Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Holding

We studied distribution pattern of the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume with respect to (i) site characteristics and host conditions, and (ii) the type and intensity of land use in Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal. We established a 1.5 km grid net and analyzed epiphytic orchids at each point, searching for 10 trees as close as possible to the grid point. There we analyzed bark water-holding capacity, bark pH, bark roughness and light intensity. We assessed the probability of the occurrence of R. retusa in different land use patterns. Our results indicated that R. retusa was not a host-specific orchid species. It was found on different host tree species. However, Ficus religiosa was the most common host species. The correlation between R. retusa occurrence and microclimate condition was weak. R. retusa, to a certain degree, preferred light intensity of 40-80% of full sun light, rough bark with pH around 6.5 and bark with a wide range of water holding capacity. The distribution pattern of R. retusa was influenced by certain types of land use. The probability to find R. retusa was highest in forest patches and parks and lowest in agricultural and dense populated area. The study reveals that to improve the population size of R. retusa, trees (mainly Alnus nepalensis, Ficus religiosa and Schima wallichii) should be planted in areas where the orchid species is recently missing.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5956 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 90-99

Land Use Change Effects on Soil Quality in Prince Edward County, ON

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Watts
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Prince Edward County ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Water Holding

Soils play a critical role to society as a medium that facilitates crop production and also contributes to the energy and carbon balance of the Earth System. Land-use change and improper land-use is one of the dominant factors affecting soil erosion and nutrient loss in soils. We examined the effects of land-use change on an Elmbrook clay/clay-loam soil on a farm in Ameliasburg on the northern part of Prince Edward County. Three cover types were examined: a sod field (established for over 10 years), a wheat field (part of a wheat/corn/soybean rotation for 30 years) and an undisturbed deciduous forest. Under each land-use type, cores to a depth of 40 cm were collected along three random 30 m transects (at 8, 16 and 24 m), then divided them into 10 cm increments, combining all similar depth increments along one transect. Soil quality was assessed by analyzing various soil physical and chemical properties. Bulk density of the soil was much higher (1.55 vs. 0.95 g/cm3) in both agricultural ecosystems compared to the forest, but only in the 0-10 cm layer. Soil moisture at 60% water holding capacity was much greater for the forest than the sod and wheat soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in the forest compared to the sod and wheat fields. The sod and wheat fields showed losses of ~52% and ~53% organic matter, respectively, in contrast to the forested area. The greatest differences in organic matter and total carbon were found in the top 10 cm, likely due to the greater accumulation of litter at the ground surface in the forest compared to the agricultural sites. It appears that long-term (10 year) agricultural production has led to a decline in some, but not all, soil quality measures, particularly soil organic matter, bulk density and water holding capacity. These findings are consistent with much of the literature concerning the effects of land-use change on soil quality, and highlight the need to develop improved management systems to minimize losses in soil quality that can lead to declines in the productivity potential of soils over time.

Lobaria amplissima thalli with external cephalodia need more rain than thalli without

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yngvar GAUSLAA ◽  
Stina JOHLANDER ◽  
Björn NORDÉN
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Holding

AbstractHydration traits determine much of a lichen’s distribution pattern along a climatic gradient but the mechanisms involved are still incompletely known. A higher abundance of large external cephalodia in wet oceanic than in drier climates has previously been reported in Lobaria amplissima. This study aims to quantify how much more rain L. amplissima thalli with external cephalodia would need to fill their internal water holding capacity (WHCinternal) than thalli without. The mean WHCinternal was 1·8 times higher in thalli with external cephalodia than in those without. The WHCinternal when converted to mm rain needed to saturate an average specimen was 1·37 mm (min–max: 0·55–3·8 mm) for a cephalodiate thallus, whereas an average thallus without external cephalodia needed just 0·76 mm (min–max: 0·36–1·3 mm). Known dewfall rates and rates of water uptake from humid air are far below what is needed to saturate even the cephalodiate thallus with the lowest WHCinternal, implying a stronger dependency on rain for thalli with external cephalodia. Thus, the observed trends in this study are consistent with earlier reports of decreasing frequency of external cephalodia from wet to drier climates.

Yield potential of reduced-branching lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) on sandy soils in a short season environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hamblin ◽  
R Delane ◽  
A Bishop ◽  
J Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Water Holding

Experiments that compare the yield potential of reduced branching narrow-leafed lupins with that of the conventional branched types show that on sandy soils of low water-holding capacity in a short season environment, reduced-branching lupins have a higher yield potential than current cultivars. The yield potential of these new types appears to be maintained over a wide range of environmental yield levels. L. angustifolius was higher yielding than L. albus or L. cosentinii genotypes of similar maturity.

Impacts of land-use intensity on soil organic carbon content, soil structure and water-holding capacity

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Acín-Carrera ◽  
M. José Marques ◽  
P. Carral ◽  
A. M. Álvarez ◽  
C. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Holding

The impact of land use change on soil water holding capacity and river flow modelling in the Nakambe River, Burkina-Faso

2005 ◽  
Vol 300 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Mahe ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Paturel ◽  
Eric Servat ◽  
Declan Conway ◽  
Alain Dezetter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Flow Modelling ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding

Quantifying microbial growth and carbon use efficiency in dry soil environments via 18O water vapor equilibration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
Margarete Watzka ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Microbial Physiology ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Holding

<p>As the global hydrological cycle intensifies with future warming, more severe droughts will alter the terrestrial biogeochemical carbon (C) cycle. As soil microbial physiology controls the large fluxes of C from soil to the atmosphere, improving our ability to accurately quantify microbial physiological parameters in soil is essential. However, currently available methods to determine microbial C metabolism in soil require the addition of water, which makes it practically impossible to measure microbial physiology in dry soil samples without stimulating microbial growth and respiration (namely, the “Birch effect”).</p><p>We developed a new method based on in vivo <sup>18</sup>O water vapor equilibration to minimize soil re-wetting effects. This method allows the isotopic labelling of soil water without any liquid water or dissolved substrate addition to the sample. This was compared to the main current method (<sup>18</sup>O-water application method) in soil samples either at near-optimal water holding capacity or in air dry soils. We generated time curves of the isotopic equilibration between liquid soil water and water vapor and calculated the average atom percent <sup>18</sup>O excess over incubation time, which is necessary to calculate microbial growth rates. We tested isotopic equilibration patterns in nine different soils (natural and artificially constructed ones) covering a wide range of soil texture and organic matter content. We then measured microbial growth, respiration and carbon use efficiency in three natural soils (either dry or at near-optimal water holding capacity). The proposed <sup>18</sup>O vapor equilibration method provides similar results as the currently widely used method of liquid <sup>18</sup>O water addition to determine microbial growth when used a near-optimal water holding capacity. However, when applied to dry soils the liquid <sup>18</sup>O water addition method overestimated growth by up to 250%, respiration by up to 500%, and underestimated carbon use efficiency by up to 40%.</p><p>Finally, we applied the new method to undisturbed biocrust samples, at field water content (1-3%), and show for the first time real microbial growth rates and CUE values in such arid ecosystems. We describe new insights into biogeochemical cycling of C that the new method can help uncover and consider the wide range of questions regarding microbial physiology and its response to global change that can now be proposed and addressed.</p>

SOME TRENDS IN GRASSLAND FARMING IN EUROPE

1977 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
R.W. Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Wide Range

IN an assessment such as this, one could cover a wide range of topics fairly shallowly or a lesser number in a bit more depth. I have opted for the latter. The topics discussed will embrace some trends in dairying, beef farming, sheep farming, hill country farming, and land use generally, species and variety usage in grassland farming, use of crude protein produced from pasture, and some implications of energy usage.

Kualitas Fisik Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Minyak Buah Merah dalam Pakan Komersial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽  
Rizki Arizona ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak buah merah (MBM) pada pakan terhadap kualitas fisik daging ayam broiler. Seratus ekor ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) ditempatkan pada lima kelompok perlakuan pakan yang berbeda, yaitu: P1 (pakan kontrol/tanpa penambahan minyak), P2 (2% MBM), P3 (4% MBM), P4 (6% MBM) dan P5 (6% Minyak kelapa sawit). Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan masing-masing dengan lima ekor. Ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis variansi pola searah dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variable yang diamati menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan minyak buah merah (MBM) dalam pakan mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap pH Daging, Daya Ikat Air (DIA), susut masak dan keempukan daging ayam broiler.Kata kunci : daging ayam broiler, daya ikat air, keempukan daging, pH daging, susut masakABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) onphysical quality  of broiler chicken. One hundred day old chicken (DOC) were placed in four groups of different treatments, of from levels of RFO (P1 (diet without addition of RFO), P2 (2% RFO), P3 (4% RFO) and P4 (6% RFO) and P5 (6% Palm oil)). The treatment group consisted of fivereplications with five birds each. Broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. Statistical analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss was significant differences. It could be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in the diet give effect  of broiler chicken meat.Keywords: broiler meat, cooking loss, moisture content, pH value, water holding capacity

Key directions and methodological features of modern studies of land use changes

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kazmir ◽  
Lyubomyr Kazmir
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Land Change Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Planning Methodology

Interest in land-use changes (LUC) research has been growing rapidly in recent years. This topic has already become the subject of a separate scientific discipline – land use science (or land change science). In order to formulate relevant future policy and develop appropriate land-use management tools, it is crucial to know how the LUC шьзфсе the environment and society condition. For Ukraine, where the structure of land use and the system of land resources management have significantly changed during the years of post-socialist transformation of land relations, the study of the LUC on a modern methodological basis is especially actual. The paper, based on a critical analysis of publications in leading international journals over the last thirty years, identifies key directions of LUC studies and analyzes their methodological features. There is a significant increase of the number of works based on the results of meta-studies and the use of a wide range of methods for modeling the LUC processes, their causes and possible consequences. The great "synergistic potential" of integration of the selected directions is noted, which makes it possible to accelerate the development of the general theory of land use and increase its use efficiency in substantiation of management decisions in the sphere of land use and modernization of the mechanisms of state land, spatial and ecological policies with consideration of existing and potential globalizing challenges. In this context, the key role of the land use integrated planning methodology at regional and local levels is emphasized. This methodology would require close cooperation between government, business and the public in developing a common vision for the implementation of specific land use plans and projects based on the principles of subsidiarity, participativity and shared responsibility.

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