scholarly journals Inheritance of Tail Colour and White-spotting in Conilurus penicillatus (Muridae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Catherine M Kemper ◽  
Lincoln H Schmitt

In the wild, Coni/urus penicillatus has two tail colour morphs, one entirely black and the other with a white distal brush of variable length. These colour morphs have been used in the past for taxonomic purposes. A small proportion (4'6%) of laboratory-reared animals have a white interstitial section. Pedigree data were collected from a laboratory colony (n = 173) established using seven wild-caught animals from the north Kimberley region, Western Australia. The hypothesis tested was that black tail is inherited as a Mendelian character recessive to white tip. Matings between black-tailed individuals always gave black offspring. Crosses between other colour morphs also supported this hypothesis.

C. Vann Woodward’s lecture compares two commemorations of the Civil War fifty years apart, one in 1911 and the other in 1961. The first one reflected sectional reunification predicated on a shared understanding of the tragic nature of war but also a sense that the conflict had solved the problem of sectional animosity. In so doing Woodward notes that whites in the North and South could only accomplish this by excluding meaningful African-American participation. The lecture then outlines the cycles of Reconstruction historiography, and looks at the dual psychological traumas the North and South experienced in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Woodward maintains that after the North emerged victorious from the war it failed to live up to its ideals, leaving wracked guilt, self-criticism, and remorse. The South emerged with a predilection for extortion, indignation, and extreme bellicosity, consistently blaming its own weaknesses on Reconstruction. Woodward suggests that historians should act as therapists, enabling the nation to come to terms with the psychological traumas triggered by the past.


2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brand ◽  
P. J. Jones

The density of Santalum spicatum was compared between 'land systems' and between 'land surface types' on four sheep stations in the north-eastern Goldfields: Yakabindie, Tarmoola, Glenorn and Minara. S.A spicatum density was recorded in 4–6A ha transect plots, with a total of 14,090 ha surveyed. Within each transect plot, the S. spicatum were divided into five groups based on stem diameter at 150A mm: < 25 mm, 25–74 mm, 75–124 mm, 125–174 mm and > 174 mm. The proportion of S. spicatum in each of the five size categories was similar between land surface types and between land systems, with the majority in two groups: 75–124 mm and 125–174 mm. S. spicatum recruitment was low, with less than 1.5 % seedlings (< 25 mm) and 7.9 % saplings (25–74 mm). Total density of S. spicatum on hills and ridges (0.65 stems/ha) was significantly higher than any other land surface type. The sandplains (0.05 stems/ha) supported the least. Within land systems, Laverton and Bevon (both hills and ridges) had the highest S. spicatum density. Yakabindie supported higher densities of S. spicatum than the other stations.


Early China ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Lin Yun

ABSTRACTThe northern border of Shang culture moved south during the Yinxu period. At the same time bronzes belonging to the Northern complex spread through a vast region to the north of the Shang cultural area.The appearance of Northern bronzes, characterized by specific types of short swords, fu battle-axes and daggers -- which we may take to represent the Northern bronzes of Period 1 -- must predate the Yinxu culture. During the early Yinxu period they exerted a fairly consider able influence. Analysis of the bronzes unearthed from the Fu Hao tomb reveals that, at the time of Wu Ding, the Shang were already using some Northern bronze articles. The Shang artisans not only copied Northern bronzes, they also adopted their chemical composition to improve traditional Shang tools and weapons.On the other hand, bronzes from the Shang culture area exerted a similar influence on Northern bronzes. Some of these influences were limited to relatively close areas, whereas the ripples of other influence extended far into the distant regions. For example, the Northern “beak halberd” the creation of which was influenced by the Shang ge-halberd, was diffused as far as the Minusinsk Basin. The origin of the bronze bow-shaped article, however, which has, in the past, been taken as strong evidence for the extension of Shang influence as far as this basin may very well be in the region to the north of the Shang culture, and the Yinxu style bow-shaped bronze may, on the contrary, have been a variant of the Northern article which developed during the early Yinxu period. The influence of the authentic Yinxu style bow-shaped article only extended as far as the area of Jibei . The lobeless, geometric-patterned, hollow-socketed fu-axe, which developed from the hollow-socketed fu of the Erligang to Yinxu periods, may have early on exerted an influence as far as the southern edges of the Eastern Siberian forest.A reexamination of the ties between the Karasuk and Yinxu cultures is needed. The theory that Seima bronzes exerted an influence on the Yinxu culture must be abandoned.


Author(s):  
Галина Викторовна Сёмина

В статье автор исходит из понимания феномена культуры (как в искусстве, так и в философии) как культуры, способной жить и развиваться только в одновременном диалоге с другими культурами, который В.С. Библер назвал «культурологическим парадоксом». В процессе проведенного исследования выстроено понимание того, что культура есть мир «вещей», основанный на диалоге их создателей не только с людьми настоящего, но и с последующими поколениями, так как рассказывают потомкам о мировоззрении прошедшей эпохи, о ценностях культуры предков, о мировидении создателей произведений. Автор считает этот аспект достаточно важным и значимым для решения проблем по дальнейшему сохранению культурного наследия народов Северного Кавказа в глобализирующемся мире, стремящемся к всеобщей унификации и нивелирующим тем самым самобытность культур этносов. Культурфилософский анализ предметов как «вещей» способствует выявлению их смыслов, несущих на себе печать человека как homo faber, как созерцателя и как пользователя, которому не только открыто их предназначение, но и без которого в принципе невозможно их существование. В качестве примера рассмотрены узорные карачаево-балкарские ковры - кийизы. Проведена сравнительная параллель между возможными интерпретациями орнаментальных мотивов жыйгыч кийизов - узких полосок, покрывавших полки в патриархальных жилищах этих этносов, и предполагаемым диалогом с Другим. Материал дает основание сделать вывод о том, что эти ковры-занавеси «читаются» по типу «культурного текста» - неких закодированных таким образом посланий предков. In the paper, the author proceeds from the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (both in art and in philosophy), as a culture capable of living and developing only in a simultaneous dialogue with other cultures, which V.S. Bibler called "a cultural paradox". In the process of the study, the understanding is built that culture is a world of "things", basing on the dialogue of their creators not only with the people of the present, but also with subsequent generations. They tell descendants about the worldview of the past era, about the values of ancestral culture, about the worldview of the creators of works. The author considers this aspect important and significant enough to solve the problems of further preserving the cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus in a globalizing world, striving for universal unification and thereby leveling the identity of ethnic cultures. Cultural-philosophical analysis of objects as "things" helps to identify their meanings, bearing the stamp of a human being, as a homo faber, as a contemplator and as a user, to whom not only their purpose is open, but also without which, in principle, their existence is impossible. The patterned Karachay-Balkarian rugs - kiyizes - are considered as an example. A comparative parallel was drawn between possible interpretations of the ornamental motifs of the zhyigych kiyizes -narrow strips covering shelves in the patriarchal dwellings of these ethnic groups, and the alleged dialogue with the Other. The material gives reason to conclude that these curtain rugs are "read" according to the type of "cultural text" which is a kind of coded message from the ancestors.


Author(s):  
J. H. Orton ◽  
A. J. Southward

SUMMARYThe breeding of Patella depressa was studied at Trevone, North Cornwall, for 4 years. Gonads were examined and assessed by methods described in a previous report on P. vulgata.In contrast to the common Limpet, P. depressa is a summer breeder in Cornwall. Gonad development begins in the spring and is complete by June or July. Spawning coincides with maximum air temperatures in July, August or early September. The autumn and winter period is passed with gonads in recognizable post-spawning and spent stages, and only a small proportion of completely resting neuter gonads is found in the early spring.Mass spawning takes place, and gametes are voided rapidly. No definite spawning stimulus can be shown, but, as with P. vulgata, there may be some relation between onset of spawning and the occurrence of wave action on the shore.The differences in breeding behaviour of P. depressa and P. vulgata reinforce the other differences between them and throw some doubt on the concept of super-species in Patella.


Africa ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ballard

Opening ParagraphThis paper examines the distribution of languages in the Nigerian Middle Belt, draws certain historical inferences from the patterns of distribution, and assesses non-linguistic evidence tending to confirm or refute these inferences. The Middle Belt is taken as an area roughly inscribed by the Hausa-speaking area to the north, and the Yoruba, Edo, and Ibo-speaking areas to the south. Geographically it is an area which has a certain climatic coherence, falling between the sahel to the north and the forest to the south (Pullan, 1962; Buchanan, 1953). It is also an area of much more strikingly broken terrain than those to the north or south, with not only the complex relief of the Jos Plateau, but also many ranges of hills, particularly along its northern frontier and in its eastern half. This terrain appears to have militated against the establishment of large coherent political systems in the past and it is only in the plains of the Niger and Benue valleys that there is a record of extensive state systems in recent history, those of the Nupe and Jukun. On the other hand, archaeological evidence indicates that the Nok culture extended over a very large area of the Middle Belt, not by any means confined to the plains (Fagg, 1959, 1969), and there is evidence of a certain measure of cultural unity today (Murdock, 1959).


Author(s):  
F. N. A. Fleischmann

Although the mineral gyrolite has long been known to occur in the British Isles, namely in the basalt lavas of Skye, Mull, and the Treshnish Islands, &c., off the west coast of Scotland, and has more recently been described from the cliffs between Ardtornish Bay and the fault of Dearg Allt in Argyllshire on the mainland, no instance of its occurrence in the lavas of the north of Ireland has hitherto been recorded.The examination, however, of a large number of specimens collected both for me and by myself during the past year and a half has shown that the mineral, though occurring in small quantity relative to the other zeolites with which it is associated, is fairly widely distributed throughout the harder lavas in the neighbourhood of Belfast.


1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
W.R. Breed

The structural organisation of the sperm head of individuals included within the species Pseudomys delicatulus, and P. patrius, which has recently been separated from P. delicatulus, is detailed here. P. patrius has a sperm type with three hooks - a feature shared with most other species of Pseudomys including all three other pebble-mound mice. By contrast, P. delicatulus has a very different sperm type that lacks the three hooks and in this species two morphotypes appear to be present. One is highly variable, generally pear-shaped with a basal attachment of the sperm tail, and is present in individuals which occur on the mainland of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The other, which is present in individuals in Queensland and on West Island and Groote Eylandt off the north coast of Northern Territory, is bilaterally flattened with a single, attenuated, blunt apical hook and tail attached to the lower concave surface. These results (1) support the recent separation of P. patrius from P. delicatulus and, (2) suggest the presence of a cryptic species or subspecies within Pseudomys delicatulus as presently constituted.


Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).


Author(s):  
Prakash Rao

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.


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