Ontogenesis of the fruit pulp layer of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. S. Paiva ◽  
D. M. T. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Periclinal Division ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Standard Techniques

Hymenaea, a genus of major economic importance, has been the subject of several botanical studies. However, there is disagreement over the origin of the edible fruit pulp of Hymenaea, as there are no ontogenetic studies on this organ. According to some authors, the edible layer results from transformations of the mesocarp and endocarp, while according to others, it is considered a seed aril. There are still others who regard this layer as originating from an undefined region of the pericarp. To understand the nature and origin of the pulp layer, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne ovaries and fruit were processed according to standard techniques. The production of the fruit pulp layer starts immediately after anthesis. During anthesis, the inner epidermal cells of the ovary show periclinal division and form a new layer of cells towards the mesocarp; this remains meristematic and initiates cell production by predominantly periclinal divisions, producing a compact tissue towards the locule. This tissue will become the fruit pulp layer, the inner endocarp. The seed coat shows typical testal structure without evidence of aril formation. This allows us to conclude that the fruit pulp layers are exclusively made from part of the endocarp. We also observed resin cavities on outer mesocarp and outer endocarp.

scholarly journals Pericarp ontogeny and histochemistry of the exotesta and pseudocaruncle of Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Demarco ◽  
Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Periclinal Division ◽  
Palisade Layer ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Euphorbia Milii ◽  
Dry Fruit

Abstract Several types of fruit occur in Euphorbiaceae, notably the explosively dehiscent dry fruit, and different seed-coat anatomies with taxonomic importance. This paper aims to describe the pericarp ontogeny and structure in Euphorbia milii Desmoul., and evaluate the presence of the secretory exotesta and caruncle. The fruit is a schizocarp, whose the pericarp development begins with a periclinal division of the inner epidermal cells. The derived cells divide, forming about four layers of obliquely elongated cells. Then, the adjacent parenchyma cells elongate, giving rise to a palisade layer and finally, the cells between this layer and the vascular strands undergo mitosis, originating about four layers of elongated cells perpendicularly to the inner oblique cells. These three zones lignify, while the region between the vascular strands and the exocarp, where idioblasts, hypodermis and laticifers are present do not show significant changes. Before the dehiscence, a lysis of cells of the septa and the desiccation of the fruit occur, which causes contraction of the non-lignified tissues and tension between the lignified zones, promoting rupture of each mericarp from central columella and on the dorsal strand, ejecting the seeds. The seeds have pseudocaruncle and the exotesta secretes mucilage, facilitating their imbibition.

Evwie (Kola Nut) and its socio-religious values among Idjerhe people of Nigeria PEOPLE OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter O. O. Ottuh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Participatory Observation

The popular edible fruit called kola nut that is found all over the Earth is native to the people of West Africa. In Idjerhe (Jesse) culture, the kola nut is part of the people’s traditional religious activities and spirituality. The presentation, breaking, and eating of the kola nut signifies hospitality, friendship, love, mutual trust, manliness, peace, acceptance, happiness, fellowship, and communion with the gods and spirits. These socio-religious values of the kola nut among the Idjerhe people are not well documented,however, and this paper aims to fill the lacuna. It employs participatory observation and oral interviews, supported by a critical review of scholarly literature on the subject. The research posits that churches can use the kola nut as a Eucharistic element that would be meaningful and indigenous to the Idjerhe people.

Eriobotrya averyanovii, a new name for E. integrifolia Averyanov (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 512 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD IDREES ◽  
JULIAN M.H. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
New Name ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Flora Of China

The genus Eriobotrya Lindley (1821: 96) (Rosaceae, Jussieu 1789), comprises of ca. 36 taxa in East Asia, Indochina, the Himalayas, Western Malaysia (Vidal 1965, Pham 2000, Kalkman 2004, Yang et al. 2005, Idrees et al. 2018). In the flora of China, 20 species were reported (Gu & Spongberg 2003, Yang & Lin 2007, Li et al. 2012, Ding et al. 2015), with a further three species (endemic) recently described from Yunnan, and Myanmar (Chen et al. 2020, Idrees et al. 2020, Kang et al. 2021). All species are trees or shrubs, and of economic importance for use as ornamentals, edible fruit or timber, as well as medicinal plants (Seth 2003).

scholarly journals Propagation of Annonaceous plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Ferreira ◽  
Iván De-La-Cruz-Chacón ◽  
Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro ◽  
Daniel Baron ◽  
Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This review aims to present advances in studies on the propagation of the Annonaceae species, which includes species of economic importance such as: soursop, custard apple, atemoya and cherimoya. In sexual propagation, advances are mainly related to a better understanding of the stages of seed development, dormancy mechanisms, and germination. In asexual propagation, compatibility studies between grafts and rootstocks are presented, focusing on the expression of genes involved in tissue formation. The cutting method is also discussed, which is another option for the propagation for this group of plants considered difficult to root, approaching endogenous and exogenous factors related to the subject, as well as management strategies that affect the success of this technique.

II.—The Unconformable Relationship of the Lower Tertiaries and Upper Cretaceous of New Zealand

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Park
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Lower Tertiary ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
Relationship Of

With the question of conformity or unconformity between the Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous, there is associated a problem of great economic importance to New Zealand. The subject involves something more than a mere academic discussion. If conformity exists, then we have only one coal-bearing formation; but if unconformity, then we have two. I believe that both the stratigraphical and palæontological evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of the latter.

THE ECONOMICS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL EFFORT: PROCEEDINGS OF A 1981 SYMPOSIUM: INTRODUCTION TO SYMPOSIUM

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
F.L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject

When I was asked to serve as moderator for a symposium on the “Economics of Entomological Effort”, I was honored and pleased to accept. The honor became abundantly clear when I received the full details of the symposium and recognized the high caliber of the speakers who would participate. The pleasure to accept derived from the great importance of the subject and my own conviction that neither the public, the scientific community, nor the administrators of research realize fully the economic importance of studies on insects. It is therefore timely that this symposium be held, a symposium that has as its purpose to show how efforts in entomology contribute to public welfare through advances in the discipline and through “spin off” to other areas of science.

A study of bauxite

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (120) ◽  
pp. 407-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Frequent Reference

Bauxite is of twofold interest due firstly to its economic importance, and secondly to the scope it affords for scientific investigation. When these two reasons are taken into consideration, one can easily account for the enormous and rapid accumulation of literature concerning this subject. Any attempt to give a detailed account of the literature will only mean unnecessary repetition of what has been already dealt with at great length by several writers, of whom Anderson and Fox may be specially mentioned. The relation between bauxite and laterite is so intimate that a detailed study of the one is impossible without any reference to the other, and as such the description of and frequent reference to the latter should not be considered as any digression from the subject.

The Metamorphosis of Insects: Tercentenary Lecture delivered by Professor V. B. Wigglesworth, F. R. S., at 10.15 a.m. on Saturday 23 July 1960 at the Royal College of Surgeons

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Growth Changes

THE visible form of the insect is defined by the outer skin or cuticle. The cuticle is the product of the single layer of epidermal cells which lie beneath it. The form of the insect is thus determined by the growth changes and the secretory activity of the epidermal cell. The purpose of the lecture was to approach the subject of metamorphosis through a consideration of the physiology of the epidermal cell. The epidermal cell is interesting because it combines within itself so many functions, actual and potential; social functions as a member of the community of cells of which it forms a part, and individual functions where it is concerned primarily with its own affairs.

A GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN LARVAL FOOD–HABITS OF THE ACALYPTRATE MUSCIDÆ

1893 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Tyler Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
The Subject

In a short paper publihsed in the Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII., on the occurrence, in a single restirced locality in Arizona, of a species of Micropeza, I gave a very brief resumé of the food-habits of some of the better known families of Acalyptrate, Muscidæ, with the view of suggesting the possible habit of the species there considered. This prompted me later to bring together all avialble notes on the subject. As these small flies are of much economic importance, both as being injurious and benefical, I have left that a quite compelte summary of their larval food-habits would be of much use to the working entomologist, besides being of no little importance to those who may be making a special study of the diptera.

scholarly journals Morphological characters of the seed coat in selected species of the genus Hypericum L. and their taxonomic value

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szkudlarz ◽  
Zbigniew Celka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Hypericum Species

Abstract Eight Hypericum species are native to Poland: H. elegans Stephan ex Willd., H. hirsutum L., H. humifusum L., H. maculatum Crantz, H. montanum L., H. perforatum L., H. pulchrum L., and H. tetrapterum Fr. Only seeds of H. elegans were investigated in detail in Poland before, so here we present results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of seed morphology of the other 7 species, based on characters like seed length, width, and shape, seed coat sculpture, shape of epidermal cells of the testa, and number of epidermal cells along the seed axis. The results show that seeds of the studied species are small, 0.56-1.15 mm long and 0.26-0.49 mm wide. In SEM images, seed coat sculpture is reticulate in 5 species, papillate in H. hirsutum, and cup-shaped in H. pulchrum. The differences are caused by the varied final development of the testa epidermis, which constitutes the outer layer of the seed coat. The mean number of epidermal cells along the seed axis ranges from 22 to 33. Results of cluster analysis, based on the agglomeration method and including also published data on seeds of H. elegans, show that the variation in the investigated characters of seeds is reflected in the taxonomic division of the genus into sections.

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