Hyperhydricity reversal and clonal propagation of four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens, Chenopodiaceae) cultivated in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Reyes-Vera ◽  
Carol Potenza ◽  
Jerry Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Normal Morphology

In vitro propagated shoots of four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens, Pursh Nutt) showed severe symptoms of hyperhydricity. We show that the reversion of hyperhydric A. canescens shoots to normal shoots was significantly affected by the presence of inorganic nitrogen in the culture vessel. When the culture vessel was vented or when ammonium nitrate was deleted from Murashige and Skoog basal medium, rates of reversion were significantly higher. Although statistically significant differences were evident when comparing vented v. non-vented treatments for each medium, the modified culture medium with vented closures was consistently the best treatment, showing a total cumulative frequency of 39.7% reversion to normal morphology, compared with a total cumulative frequency of 7.1% observed in the control treatment. Resulting normal shoots also showed significant improvements in further manipulations, including rooting in vitro, transplantation to soil and survival in native sites.

scholarly journals In vitro answer of Bulgarian pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Velichka Rodeva ◽  
Stanislava Grozeva ◽  
Velichka Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level

Callusogenesis and regeneration ability of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from three Bulgarian pepper varieties in MS basal medium supplemented with l-3mg/l BAP. l.0mg/1 IAA and 0.5mg/l GA3 was studied. In the different variants of culture medium was registered high level of callusogenesis and organogenesis in both type of explants from the all varieties. The highest percentage of plant-regenerants is established in cotyledon explants (from 3.3 to 18.3) in variant 3 of the culture medium containing 3mg/l BA. In the process of micropropagation by stem explants of the same studied pepper varieties the addition of the vitamins C. B12. Casein hydrolysate and Ferulic acid had a stimulation effect on the plant growth in height and rooting. In result of anther cultivation from three pepper varieties and four breeding lines the highest percentage of embryo structure formation was registered in varieties Albena and Strjama (12.0 and 13.8 respectively). The Bulgarian peppers are recalcitrant and their in vitro answer is different depending from the explants type, genotype and the culture media composition.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Different Combinations of Phytohormones on Callus Induction from Different Explants of Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L. Seedlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 3476-3486
Author(s):  
Alaa. M. Hasan ◽  
Ekhlas. A.J. ElKaaby ◽  
Rakad. M.Kh. AL-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Superior Result ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vitro Effects

    The leading purpose of this work is the development of efficient culture conditions to induce calli from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under in vitro conditions. The mature seeds were surface sterilized with combinations of different concentrations of ethanol and NaOCl in different time durations and  were germinated on MS basal medium. The results revealed that the best sterilization method of cabbage seeds was by using 70% ethanol for one minute, followed by 15 min in 2% (NaOCl). Seedlings were used as donor sources for hypocotyls, cotyledon leaves, true leaves, and shoot tip explants. These explants were cultured on different combinations of cytokinins (TDZ, BAP, Ad) and auxins (IAA, NAA, 2, 4-D) then implanted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. 4 weeks after culturing, a significant difference was found among the explants in response to plant hormones. The maximum percentage of callus induction (100%) was using the combinations of 1 BAP + 1 2, 4-D, 1 BAP + 1 NAA, and 1 BAP + 2 2,4-D mg. l-1. In addition, explants responses varied and the hypocotyls showed a superior result (85.71 %) as compared to other explants. For callus fresh weight, the combination of 0.22 TDZ + 79.9 Ad mg. l-1    had a significant effect, causing the highest fresh weight (0.2745g), while control treatment gave the lowest mean of 0.0066 g. Data showed that cotyledon explants were significantly superior in giving highest callus fresh weight with the mean of 0.1723 g. On the other hand, hypocotyl explants gave the lowest mean, reaching 0.1542 g.

scholarly journals Temporary immersion biorreators: efficient technique for the propagation of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samila Silva Camargo ◽  
Leo Rufato ◽  
Maicon Magro ◽  
André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Solid Culture Medium

Abstract The in vitro propagation technique via temporary immersion bioreactors is a tool that, through the culture in a liquid medium, allows an increase in the efficiency of seedling production. Several researches with the strawberry crop have shown greater efficiency of the system compared to the conventional process of micropropagation in solid medium. In this sense, the objective herein was to establish a protocol of multiplication and rooting of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry, in temporary immersion bioreactors. Two distinct and independent studies were carried out, characterized by the multiplication and rooting stages of strawberry explants, newly introduced and registered in Brazil. Two culture media (MS and KNOP) were studied and, as a control treatment, the growth of the explants in solid culture medium was evaluated with the addition of 5 g L-1 of agar. Different immersion times of the culture medium were explored: five or eight times a day, for 15 minutes. The study was composed of the culture medium and immersion time factors, as well as the control (solid) treatment. It was verified that the use of temporary immersion bioreactors system is an efficient technique for the multiplication and rooting of explants of strawberry cv. Pircinque, when compared to the conventional method of micropropagation with the use of solid culture medium, making it possible to optimize the production of seedlings in biofactories. The MS liquid medium, in contact with explants of ‘Pircinque’ strawberry five times a day, increased the growth of the aerial part and the root system.

Effect of Inorganic Nutrients on Production of Steroid Glycoalkaloids by Phytophthora infestans Race 1.2.4 In Vitro

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELANIE R. MAAS ◽  
FREDERICK J. POST ◽  
D. K. SALUNKHE
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
The Individual

The influence of sodium salts of the macronutrients nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and chloride; and the micronutrients iron, calcium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and manganese on growth of Phytophthora infestans and synthesis of glycoalkaloids by the fungus was investigated. Maximum growth levels were demonstrated when 0.04% phosphate, 0.04% chloride, or 2–5 mg of iron/liter were employed in the culture medium. Results indicate that upon substitution of the individual sodium salts of the macronutrients for the potassium and magnesium salts or addition of sodium chloride to the basal medium, the concentration of glycoalkaloids synthesized by the fungus decreased significantly. Regression analysis showed that the concentration of phosphate in the medium had the most influence on the amount of glycoalkaloids produced by P. infestans. Increasing the phosphate concentration in the medium resulted in increasing amounts of glycoalkaloids being produced by the fungus. As the mass of mycelium increased in media containing different amounts of phosphate, the quantity of glycoalkaloids synthesized by the fungus decreased.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis in Albizia guachapele, Cedrella odorata and Swietenia macrophylla (Fabaceae, Meliaceae)

2015 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Lisette Valverde Cerdas ◽  
Magali Dufour ◽  
Víctor Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Spanish Cedar

Regeneration of adventitious buds was achieved from hypocotyl explanls of Albizia guachapele (Guayaquil) and Cedrella odorata (Spanish cedar), and from epicotyl explants from Swietenia macrophylla (Honduran Mahogany). Seeds were obtained from CATIE's Latin American Fores! Seed Bank and genninated under aseptic conditions .. Four explants were cultured in each Petri dish on half strength modified Murashige and Skoog basal medium, and five concentrations of BA (benzyladenine) were studied; A. guachapele and S. macrophylla responded positively lo the presence of BA in the culture medium. Otherwise, Cedrella odorata requíred media supplemented with citokinin and auxin combinations lo induce adventitious buds.

scholarly journals The Role of Amino Acids for the In Vitro Culture of Some Species of Forage Legumes I. Trifolium pratense L

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maria VICAȘ ◽  
Mircea SAVATTI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Establishing the effect of the amino acids as additional additives to the culture medium is and will be in the future one of our concerns of interest for the in vitro culture of some plants. The present study examines the effect of the glicocol added to the LS basal medium over the embryos of the Trifolium pratense L specie cultivated in vitro. There were followed: the percentage of plant regeneration of the red clover, its multiplication capacity and the formation of the root system, and also the evolution of the callus obtained on mediums with 2,4D, BA and amino acid.

scholarly journals Clonal propagation of Trichocentrum stramineum (Orchidaceae), a threatened species endemic to Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Selene Ramos-Ortiz ◽  
Luz Ma. Rangel-Guerrero ◽  
Martha Elena Pedraza-Santos ◽  
Víctor Manuel Chávez-Ávila ◽  
José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Study Species

Background: Cloning techniques are applied to an endangered orchid species in order to reproduce individual plants and to preserve their genetic characteristics. Objectives: To establish a new protocol for clonal propagation of a threatened orchid of horticultural importance. Study species: Trichocentrum stramineum, a threatened orchid endemic to Mexico. Study site and duration: Totutla, Veracruz, Mexico. All experiments were designed and carried out at the Botanical Garden-UNAM and the IIAF-UMSNH over a course of six years. Methods: Seeds were germinated in a modified KC basal medium; protocorms and apical bud explants were obtained from the resulting in vitro plants and cultivated with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Both experimental groups were subcultured in order to evaluate the number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and buds per explant. Results: On average, protocorms generated 51.2 and 54.1 PLBs in the absence or presence of 1 mg l-1 6-benzyladenine (BA), respectively, while 13.1 and up to 23.7 PLBs and / or shoots were observed on the apical bud explants in the absence or presence of 1 mg l-1 kinetin, respectively. In both cases, responses were direct, without the formation of an intervening callus. Approximately 200 PLBs were subcultured and developed into whole plants within 14 weeks. These were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions with a 90 % survival rate after 12 weeks. After 44 weeks, flowering was observed (3 %) individuals measuring at least 12 cm in height. Conclusions: The developed protocol proved to hold great potential for commercial propagation and conservation programs.

Embryo induction and plant regeneration of Callerya speciosa (Fabaceae) through anther culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilan Huang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kelie Li ◽  
Yunlu Fu ◽  
Zhiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Cultures

An in vitro protocol for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot regeneration through embryogenesis was developed using the anthers as the explants. The late uninucleate stage of the microspore was optimal for the anther culture of C. speciosa. Embryonic callus was induced on a MS basal medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9.04 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryos were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage (16.7%) of embryos was achieved using the culture medium MS + 0.25 µM NAA + 1.1 µM BA. The highest percentage of embryos that developed into plants was 18.3%. However, haploid plants were not observed, which may have been due to the collection of the calli from the anther wall. The results presented here demonstrate the establishment of a highly efficient and rapid system for regenerating C. speciosa using anther cultures.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Factors upon the in vitro Propagation in Quercus robur and Q. frainetto by Somatic Embryogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioan TIMOFTE ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Magdalena PALADA-NICOLAU ◽  
Claudia Simona TIMOFTE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources

The somatic embryogenesis is an advanced method for clonal propagation and a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources. In this paper, the results of an experiment to investigate the influence of development stage of explants and culture medium on the germination percentage in two oak species (three provenances of Quercus robur and two provenances of Q. frainetto), are presented. A high significant influence of the development stage of explants and a significant influence of the interaction provenance x stage on the germination percentage were recorded for Q. robur explants, whilst no significant differences between the germination percentages against the nutritive media used were fould for both oak species.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Semi-Automated Bioreactors for In Vitro Propagation of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Eucario Mancilla-Álvarez ◽  
Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato ◽  
Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana ◽  
José L. Spinoso-Castillo ◽  
Jericó J. Bello-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Solid Culture Medium ◽  
Semi Solid

Taro is important for its nutritional content, medicinal use, and bioethanol production. The aim of the present study was to compare different semi-automated bioreactors (SABs) during in vitro multiplication of C. esculenta. The SABs used were temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs), SETIS™ bioreactors and ebb-and-flow bioreactors; semi-solid culture medium was used as a control treatment. At 30 d of culture, different developmental variables, determination of chlorophyll, stomatal content, and survival percentage during acclimatization were evaluated. SABs increased the shoot multiplication rate relative to the semi-solid medium; however, the SETIS™ bioreactor showed the highest shoot production, with 36 shoots per explant, and the highest chlorophyll content. The stomatal index was higher in the semi-solid medium compared to the SABs, while the percentage of closed stomata was higher in the SABs than in the semi-solid culture medium. The survival rate during acclimatization showed no differences among the culture systems assessed, obtaining survival rates higher than 99%. In conclusion, the SETIS™ bioreactor showed the highest multiplication rate; however, other bioreactor alternatives are available for semi-automation and cost reduction for micropropagation of C. esculenta.

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