The resistance of Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Marks ◽  
G Minko
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Mechanical Barrier ◽  
New Entry

The resistance of wounds made on Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea was examined experimentally in the greenhouse and field. A study was made of the anatomy of the epidermal tissues of the leader and stem, of injuries of different ages, and of the recovery stages after inoculation. There were many structural similarities between bark and wound periderm. Both provided mechanical barriers to infection by M. pinea. Wound periderm began to form 3-9 days after injury, and the mechanical barriers appeared after about 18 days. Wounds became resistant to infection after about 3-9 days, which suggests that this resistance was associated with biochemical changes in the uninjured cells lining the wound rather than with the appearance of the mechanical barrier. Superficial injuries occluded rapidly. Wounds on fast-growing trees, however, healed slowly when the cambium was injured; the rapid growth of the xylem continually lifted the callus that was formed over the injury, providing new entry points for M. pinea. This may explain the greater incidence of malformations on very productive sites.

scholarly journals Using GEDI lidar data and airborne laser scanning to assess height growth dynamics in fast-growing species: a showcase in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Adrián Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Airborne Laser

Abstract Background The NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) satellite mission aims at scanning forest ecosystems on a multi-temporal short-rotation basis. The GEDI data can validate and update statistics from nationwide airborne laser scanning (ALS). We present a case in the Northwest of Spain using GEDI statistics and nationwide ALS surveys to estimate forest dynamics in three fast-growing forest ecosystems comprising 211,346 ha. The objectives were: i) to analyze the potential of GEDI to detect disturbances, ii) to investigate uncertainty source regarding non-positive height increments from the 2015–2017 ALS data to the 2019 GEDI laser shots and iii) to estimate height growth using polygons from the Forest Map of Spain (FMS). A set of 258 National Forest Inventory plots were used to validate the observed height dynamics. Results The spatio-temporal assessment from ALS surveying to GEDI scanning allowed the large-scale detection of harvests. The mean annual height growths were 0.79 (SD = 0.63), 0.60 (SD = 0.42) and 0.94 (SD = 0.75) m for Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp., respectively. The median annual values from the ALS-GEDI positive increments were close to NFI-based growth values computed for Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata, respectively. The effect of edge border, spatial co-registration of GEDI shots and the influence of forest cover in the observed dynamics were important factors to considering when processing ALS data and GEDI shots. Discussion The use of GEDI laser data provides valuable insights for forest industry operations especially when accounting for fast changes. However, errors derived from positioning, ground finder and canopy structure can introduce uncertainty to understand the detected growth patterns as documented in this study. The analysis of forest growth using ALS and GEDI would benefit from the generalization of common rules and data processing schemes as the GEDI mission is increasingly being utilized in the forest remote sensing community.

Cities in the Gulf

2018 ◽  
pp. 1230-1254
Author(s):  
Djamel Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Ways Of Being

In fast growing cities, such as Dubai, Jeddah and Doha the issue of identity and its implications are increasingly complex and multi-dimensional. Traditionally, people were able to maintain a strong identity in their urban environment because everything was locally influenced, created and managed. In dealing with the question of identity in the present Gulf city, several important concepts are raised; impact of rapid growth and urbanization on the resilient historic centers is one such important issue. This chapter raises and discusses the following question “Will the historic city, the heart of urban life, survive and maintain its place in the emerging global Gulf cities of today and tomorrow?” This study will focus on the three old centers of Dubai, Jeddah and Doha with the aim to explore ways of being undertaken to rediscover their vanishing cultural identities in the mainstream of rapid growth and urbanization that happened since the discovery of oil in the 1950s.

Cities in the Gulf

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Ways Of Being

In fast growing cities, such as Dubai, Jeddah and Doha the issue of identity and its implications are increasingly complex and multi-dimensional. Traditionally, people were able to maintain a strong identity in their urban environment because everything was locally influenced, created and managed. In dealing with the question of identity in the present Gulf city, several important concepts are raised; impact of rapid growth and urbanization on the resilient historic centers is one such important issue. This chapter raises and discusses the following question “Will the historic city, the heart of urban life, survive and maintain its place in the emerging global Gulf cities of today and tomorrow?” This study will focus on the three old centers of Dubai, Jeddah and Doha with the aim to explore ways of being undertaken to rediscover their vanishing cultural identities in the mainstream of rapid growth and urbanization that happened since the discovery of oil in the 1950s.

scholarly journals The Extractives of the Mycorrhizas and Roots of Pinus Radiata and Pseudotsuga Menziesii

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Hills ◽  
N Ishikura
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Fast Growing

The amounts of acetone extractives from mycorrhizas and their polyphenolic portion were variable over a 6�month period. During August the amounts of extrac� tives and polyphenols were higher in slow� than in fast-growing Pinus radiata seedlings. The amount of extractives in the roots were greater than those in the mycorrhizas but in the latter the polyphenols were concentrated in the outer layer. The composition of the mycorrhizal and root extractives of P. radiata were very similar and in addition to resin contained catechin, two components that are very similar to 3,5,3',4'.tetrahydroxystilbene and one of its glucosides, and leucocyanidin polymers. The mycorrhizas of Pseudotsuga menziesii contain 15 components, includ� ing catechin, epicatechin, leucocyanidin polymers, and a polyene. With the exception of the latter the roots of Ps. menziesii contained the same components and in addition poriolin, poriol, taxifolin, taxifolin-3�glucoside, and quercetin.3.glucoside. Evidence supports the view that the polyphenols are formed in situ and appear to be formed in enhanced amounts in the tannin layer of mycorrhizas. Their possible role in the establishment of mycorrhizas is discussed.

scholarly journals Carcass traits, meat quality, and sensory attributes of fast-growing broilers given outdoor access at different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
Muhammad ZAID ◽  
Jibran HUSSAIN ◽  
Athar MAHMUD ◽  
Khalid JAVED ◽  
Muhammad Shabir SHAHEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Age At Exposure

This study evaluated the effect of outdoor access offered to fast-growing broilers at different ages and its impact on meat quality attributes. A total of 200 straight-run broilers were arranged according to the completed randomized design and distributed into 4 treatment groups. The treatments were replicated 5 times; each replicate consisted of 10 birds. The treatment included age at exposure to outdoor access including day 21, day 28, and day 35, and a control group in which the birds were reared at an indoor facility for up to 56 days. Taste, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of breast meat were highest for broilers given outdoor access on day 21 followed by day 28, day 21 and lowest for broilers without outdoor access. Tenderness of breast meat was highest in broilers without outdoor access followed by broilers given outdoor access on day 35 and day28 and lowest for broilers given outdoor access on day 21 of age. It can be concluded that giving outdoor access to fast-growing broilers at the age of day 21 improves carcass and meat quality traits.

scholarly journals Preservative Treatments on Wood and Their Effects on Metal Fasteners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bossardi Dias ◽  
Ricardo Marques Barreiros
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Material ◽  
Fast Growing

Wood as a building material has characteristics that make it attractive environmentally compared to other materials. It is an economic, historical and sustainable material. Many species of wood are naturally resistant to the action of the organisms that degrade them. However, species with this natural resistance are unable to meet the demand for wood and wood-based products, which have been growing year by year. The scarcity of species resistant to biological degradation forced man to use other less durable species, mainly of rapid growth, from reforestation, such as some species of Eucalyptus and Pinus. These species have moderate or no resistance to attack by biological agents and require preservative treatments. And to increase the life span of these fast-growing woods, protecting them from fungi, insects and other xylophagous organisms, several preservative agents are used, these compounds being highly toxic to these biodeteriorating organisms. It is known that the effectiveness of traditional wood preservation systems is due to the biocidal effect of the products used, however, they pollute the environment. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop effective preservative chemicals, non-toxic to humans and the environment.

scholarly journals Construction Aggregates and Environmental Policy Integration in a One-Party State: The Case of Hoa Binh, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6890
Author(s):  
Paulina Schiappacasse ◽  
Bernhard Müller ◽  
Le Thuy Linh ◽  
Peter Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Environmental Policy Integration ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Party State ◽  
Hoa Binh

In fast growing economies, rapid urbanization generates high demand for construction aggregates in the rural hinterland of cities. Their extraction often causes negative repercussions on the environment. In Vietnam, the central government has made strong efforts to incorporate environmental objectives in the aggregate mining sector, and, in a one-party state, it has powerful means to implement its policies. Nevertheless, adverse environmental effects of aggregate mining are visible throughout the country. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to identify barriers for environmental policy integration in a one-party state. The aggregates industry in Hoa Binh Province, located in the hinterland of the fast growing capital Hanoi, is taken as a case. Methods of the study, which was conducted between 2015 and 2019, include literature review, document and data analysis, interviews, group discussions for information collection and validation of results, and site visits. Six environmental policy integration barriers are derived from the literature. They form the conceptual basis for explaining difficulties of environmental policy implementation and integration in the concrete case. The study demonstrates that the following factors provide a viable concept for analyzing deficits of environmental policy integration in a fast modernizing one-party state: (a) the prevalence of top-down approaches with insufficient trigger-down effects, (b) the predominance of socioeconomic over environmental objectives, (c) weak incentives to improve environmental performance, (d) fragmented environmental planning and implementation, (e) weak institutional control mechanisms on lower levels of government, and (f) compliance oriented public participation and deficient compensation mechanisms. These are potential entry points for coping with environmental challenges of growth oriented sector policies.

Biochemical changes in needles of Pinus radiata D. Don trees in relationship to long-term ozone exposure indices

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Calzada ◽  
J. Mesanza ◽  
H. Casado ◽  
F.J. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Ozone Exposure

Suprajit Engineering Limited

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Listed Company ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Automobile Market ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Set Up

Suprajit Engineering Limited (SEL) was set up by Mr Ajith Kumar Rai, who serves as its Managing Director, when he returned as a fresh graduate from Canada. Foreseeing a boom in the country’s automobile market, Ajith decided to establish an automotive cable-manufacturing unit. His clarity of vision convinced TVS Motors to invest in setting up Suprajit Engineering as a small, one-unit firm in Bangalore, a fast-growing Indian metro. Beginning in 1987 as a small-scale automotive cable manufacturer, Suprajit is now a public listed company, with some of the world’s biggest automobile companies as clients, products spanning a wide range of automotive and non-automotive parts and eleven manufacturing units. This case traces the inspiring story of Suprajit Engineering Limited and aims to highlight the reasons behind Suprajit’s success and is intended to demonstrate rapid growth strategies of entrepreneurial firms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document