Extant Gyrogonite Populations of Chara zeylanica and Chara haitensis: Implications for Taxonomy and Palaeoecology

Chara zeylanica (Klein ex Willdenow) R.D.Wood is known to develop populations which display either four- or eight-scutate antheridia. Despite only minor differences in the vegetative features, plants with these two types of male gametangia proved to be reproductively isolated and C. haitensis Turpin was validated as the correct name for the octoscutate plants (Proctor et al. 1971). Here we provide data for the calcified female reproductive organs (gyrogonites) of both species in order to determine whether they can be distinguished or not. Ten populations from both field collections and culture material were studied. The morphological characteristics of the gyrogonites were determined on the basis of measurements of 100 specimens for each population. The gyrogonites of four- and eight-scutate plants proved to be significantly different and thus enhanced separation at species level. Ecology, biogeography and the possible phylogenetic relationships of the taxa are discussed. Unlike C. zeylanica, which displays worldwide distribution within the tropical belt, the modern distribution of C. haitensis seems hitherto restricted to the American continent. Within this area, C. zeylanica grows preferentially in permanent lakes whereas C. haitensis is only found in temporary water bodies. Given these different ecological requirements, the fossil record of both taxa, determined from their specific gyrogonite morphology, can provide information about the nature of ancient lake-ecosystems particularly useful for Quaternary studies in the Americas.

Découverte d’une nouvelle population de Rhithrogena delphinensis Sowa & Degrange, 1987, dans le massif des Arves, et compléments à la description de la larve (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)

Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France ◽

10.32475/bsef_2218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 401-420

Author(s):

Bertrand Launay ◽

Julien Barnasson ◽

Juliette Becquet ◽

Michel Brulin ◽

Sophie Cauvy-Fraunie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drainage Basin ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Western Alps ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Northern Flank ◽

Ecological Requirements ◽

First Time ◽

Existing Data

Discovery of a new population of Rhithrogena delphinensis Sowa & Degrange, 1987, in the Arves Massif, and additions to the morphological description of the larva (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Rhithrogena delphinensis, described originally on the basis of four larvae from the Western Alps, south of the Arves Massif and from the northern flank of the Ecrins Massif, had not been captured again since 1986. Here, we report the discovery of a new population from river Arvan, whose drainage basin is located between the Grandes Rousses Massif and the northern flank of the Arves Massif. This newly discovered population seems abundant in numbers, and reveals the particular ecological requirements of the species as well as its dependence on glacier fed or nival streams. The morphological characteristics of the larvae are described in detail, and illustrated by photographs. The variability of some of the proposed identification criteria is discussed, and a key to the identification of the Rhithrogena species from the alpestris group of the Western Alps, to which R. delphinensis belongs, is provided. Finally, a portion of 658 base pairs of the COI gene of R. delphinensis is sequenced for the first time and compared to already existing data on the alpestris group in the Western Alps.

Taxonomy, morphology, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631282x00228 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 371-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lars Säwedal

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Great Majority ◽

Type Material ◽

Running Water ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Doubtful Species ◽

Standing Waters

AbstractMicropsectra Kieffer, 1909 is described and diagnoses presented for the imaginal (♂♂), pupal and larval stages; females of the notescens-group are described. The genus contains at present 83 species of which 9 are described on females. The type material for 16 of these species has not been found. 142 species which have been listed under Micropsectra are presented in alphabethical order. This list contains: name of author, reference to description. name of original genus, present status of species, reference to the paper in which this was listed, collection in which the type material is deposited. Morphological characteristics, evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships of Micropsectra are discussed. The genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra, Krenopsectra, Micropsectra and Paratanytarsus form a monophyletic group within the tribe Tanytarsini. The group is referred to as the Micropsectra series. Rheotanytarsus, the most plesiomorphic genus in the series, has a worldwide distribution. This supports the conclusions reached by the morphological analysis. The genera Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are only known from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. The great majority of Micropsectra species are found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. A smaller number of species occur in the northern part of the Oriental Region, which has the same environmental conditions as the adjacent areas of the Palaearctic Region. Two doubtful species have been reported from India. Genus Paratanytarsus has a wider distribution but clearly has its origin on the northern hemisphere. The habitat selection in the Micropsectra series is studied and compared with the phylogeny. The species within the plesiomorphic genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are found in streams and springs. In the more apomorphic genus Micropsectra many of the species occur in these types of habitats, though there are also a comparatively high number of species occurring in lakes. Paratanytarsus, the most apomorphic genus contains species which inhabit shallow standing waters. It seems probable that the ancestor of the Micropsectra series was an inhabitant of running water. A lectotype is designated for Tanytarsus retusus Goetghebuer.

Cuscuta Species Identification Based on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20112726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 2726 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Inkyu Park ◽

Jun-Ho Song ◽

Sungyu Yang ◽

Wook Jin Kim ◽

Goya Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Chloroplast Genome ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Chloroplast Genomes ◽

Cuscuta Species

The genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) comprises well-known parasitic plants. Cuscuta species are scientifically valuable, as their life style causes extensive crop damage. Furthermore, dried seeds of C. chinensis are used as a Korean traditional herbal medicine. Despite the importance of Cuscuta species, it is difficult to distinguish these plants by the naked eye. Moreover, plastid sequence information available for Cuscuta species is limited. In this study, we distinguished between C. chinensis and C. japonica using morphological characterisation of reproductive organs and molecular characterisation of chloroplast genomes. The differences in morphological characteristics of reproductive organs such as style, stigma, infrastaminal scale, seed shape and testa ornamentation were useful for distinguishing between C. japonica and C. chinensis. Analysis of chloroplast genomes revealed drastic differences in chloroplast genome length and gene order between the two species. Although both species showed numerous gene losses and genomic rearrangements, chloroplast genomes showed highly similar structure within subgenera. Phylogenetic analysis of Cuscuta chloroplast genomes revealed paraphyletic groups within subgenera Monogynella and Grammica, which is consistent with the APG IV system of classification. Our results provide useful information for the taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Cuscuta and accurate identification of herbal medicine.

Re-examination of the morphological characteristics and rbcL gene sequences of Chara zeylanica Willdenow (Charales, Charophyceae) in Korea

Aquatic Botany ◽

10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.06.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Eun-Young Lee ◽

Kwang Chul Choi ◽

Sang-Rae Lee ◽

Young Hwan Kim ◽

Jee Eun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Rbcl Gene ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Chara Zeylanica ◽

Rbcl Gene Sequences

The species of Thecaphora on Compositae in North America

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b82-193 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (8) ◽

pp. 1512-1522 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rubén Durán

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

American Continent ◽

Bright Field ◽

New Host ◽

North American Continent ◽

The North ◽

Scanning Electron

Five new species of Thecaphora collected in Mexico are described, some of which are parasitic on genera of Compositae not previously reported as hosts. Species of Thecaphora on Compositae for the North American continent now total 11. New species include Thecaphora denticulata, T. heliopsidis, T. hennenea, T. melampodii, and T. neo-mexicana. New host genera for North America include Bidens, Heliopsis, and Melampodium. Morphological characteristics of Thecaphora species and taxonomic criteria to delimit them are discussed. Keys to the species, interpretations of spore ball morphology and spore sculpturing, and scanning electron and bright-field micrographs are presented.

First record of Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908) (Amphipoda, Corophiidae, Corophiinae) from Uruguay, with notes on the biology and distribution

Check List ◽

10.15560/14.6.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1169-1173

Author(s):

Álvaro Demicheli ◽

Ana Verdi

Keyword(s):

Ballast Water ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

South American ◽

Worldwide Distribution

The amphipod Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908) has a worldwide distribution due to dispersion by ballast water and the hulls of ships. Here we provide a record of this species from Rocha department, Uruguay, which is the first record in the Atlantic South American coast. This record is 5,400 km from the nearest previously known record in Venezuela. Images and morphological characteristics are provided to distinguish from other species of Corophiidae previously recorded in the country.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS IN MALOIDEAE (ROSACEAE): b. THE ROLE OF SURFACE TISSUES IN THE FORMATION OF RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASES

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2019-2-95-101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Kh. Kumachova ◽

O. O. Beloshapkina ◽

A. S. Voronkov ◽

A. S. Ryabchenko

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Complex Surface ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Protective Role ◽

Middle Part ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Published Data ◽

Wide Range ◽

Identification Of Species

Background. Resistance to the effects of plant biotic stressors is determined by a set of factors. Among them, the leading protective role is often assigned to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the surface tissues. However, one cannot ignore the specificity of the microstructural organization of the plant surface, since the nature of interactions in phytopathogenic organisms is more complex than the chemical impact. Meanwhile, the information accumulated to date about the structure of the surface tissues of the vegetative and reproductive organs of plants, and the interface of mycobiota, is fragmentary.Objective. Mature leaves and fruits taken from representatives of the subfamily Maloideae Werber (Malus domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis L., Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Mespilus germanica L.) were selected for the study.Materials and methods. Samples for the research were taken from the middle part of the crown of model trees in 3 replications. In recent years, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with cryofixation is considered the most promising technique and is used to analyze the surface of biological organisms and identification of species. It is particularly informative in the case of organisms with complex surface micromorphology and for studying the biodiversity of pathogens. However, in this work we combined the methods of light, electron (SEM, TEM) and confocal microscopy. The samples were also studied using phytopathological and histochemical techniques. Condensed polyphenols were detected using K2Cr2O7 and FeCl3 as well as 4-(Dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMACA, Sigma-Aldrich).Results. On the basis of the obtained phytopathological materials and published data an overview of fungal diseases afflicting leaves and fruits of M. domestica, P. communis, C. oblonga and M. germanica was made. It has been established that a common feature of the Maloideae fruits is the accumulation of condensed polyphenols, which play an important protective role against biotic stressors, in the cells of the pericarp’s outer tissues. Anatomical and morphological characteristics of passive immunity, or horizontal resistance to fungal pathogens, include the specific nature of waxy and cuticular deposits, features of the formation of cuticular folds and peristomatic rings in the stomata area and microstrands at the base of trichomes, thickness of the cuticle and cork tissue, and the development of lenticels on fruits.Conclusion. The studied model plants suffer from a sufficiently wide range of diseases with different etiologies; among them, the most widespread and harmful are mycoses. In view of this, their resistance to fungal pathogens correlates with the specificity of the leaf and fruit surface microstructure and the content of phenolic substances (polyphenols) in the cells of the pericarp’s surface tissues.

Histomorphological Characteristics of Digestive and Reproductive Organs of Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae)

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i1.232 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Vanessa Escóssia Pegado Silva ◽

Naissandra Bezerra Da Silva ◽

Marcos Paulo Gomes Pinheiro ◽

Maria de Lourdes Freitas ◽

Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Digestive Tube ◽

Posterior Midgut ◽

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Mesodermal Origin

Sandflies are important vectors of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in different countries. This study aimed at analyzing the histomorphological characteristics of digestive and reproductive organs in Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) using light microscopy techniques. Thirty females from the rural area of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state were selected, microsectioned and analyzed with an optical microscope using conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results show three well-characterized regions in the digestive tube: the stomodeum, mesentery and proctodeum. The stomodeum is lined internally with a basal and epithelial membrane; the mesentery has a peritrophic matrix formed above the stomodeum lining consisting of the simple cubic epithelium overlapping the conjunctive, also common to a capsule of gonadal lining; and the proctodeum, which structurally resembles the mesentery, but with a pyloric sphincter limiting the posterior midgut. Enveloping the digestive tube is the peritoneal membrane, of mesodermal origin. Richly-detailed internal morphological characteristics of L. wellcomei have widened knowledge of this Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna)-transmitting species, an etiologic agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Características Histomorfológicas de Órgãos da Digestão de Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae) Resumo. Os flebotomíneos se destacam como importantes transmissores das leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral em diferentes países. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar características histomorfológicas de órgãos da digestão de Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) por meio de técnicas de microscopia. Trinta fêmeas provenientes de área rural do município de Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte foram selecionadas, microseccionadas e analisadas por microscopia ótica. Métodos de coloração histológica por hematoxilina-eosina foram empregados nas análises. Os resultados mostram o trato digestório com as três regiões bem caracterizadas, estomodeo, mesêntero e proctodeo. O estomodeo possui uma membrana basal e uma membrana epitelial que o reveste internamente; o mesêntero possui matriz peritrófica formada acima do revestimento do estomodeo constituído de epitélio cúbico simples sobreposto ao conjuntivo comum também a uma cápsula de revestimento gonadal; e o proctodeo que se assemelha estruturalmente com o mesêntero, possuindo ainda, uma região pilórica limitando o intestino médio do posterior. Envolvendo o tubo digestório, está a membrana peritonial, de origem mesodérmica. As características morfológicas internas, observadas com riqueza de detalhes em L. wellcomei ampliam o conhecimento acerca dessa espécie, transmissora de Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna), agente etiológico de leishmaniose tegumentar americana.

XIII.—Cytological Studies on the Reproductive Organs. Chromosome Behaviour in the Male Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis leucotus)

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0370164600014991 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 196-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. C. Koller

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Organs ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Sciurus Carolinensis ◽

Chromosome Behaviour ◽

American Continent ◽

Grey Squirrel ◽

Histological Changes ◽

North American Continent ◽

The North ◽

Great Economic Importance

The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis leucotus Gapper), which is a native of the North American continent, was introduced into England and Scotland quite recently and soon became of great economic importance in these countries. In his very excellent monograph, Middleton (1930) states that both sexes of the grey squirrel show diminished activity during the winter and while they do not hibernate in the true sense of the word, they probably sleep if the weather is severe. The breeding habits of the female were studied by Deanesly and Parkes (1933), who ascertained that the female definitely has a period of anœstrus during which the reproductive organs are atrophic. In the male, however, fully functional testes were found throughout the year (Allanson, 1933), and there were no histological changes which would indicate a regular period of quiescence.