Cereal Callus Cultures: Control of Headspace Gases Can Optimise the Conditions for Callus Proliferation

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
SW Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Gaseous Atmosphere ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Rice Callus ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Callus

The protective conditions under which callus cultures are grown to prevent microbial contamination and to reduce tissue desiccation cause the accumulation of volatiles in the vessel headspace and reduce the availability of oxygen for respiration. To demonstrate the importance of the gaseous atmosphere to culture growth a study was undertaken on non-morphogenic rice and wheat callus incubated under a number of environmental conditions. Changes in the gaseous atmosphere above rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus during routine culture in a petri dish suppressed growth and promoted necrosis. Incubating callus under a continuous flow of gas mixtures of known composition suggested that the inhibition of growth was caused by the accumulation of high levels of ethylene and to the rapid depletion of oxygen. In order to evaluate the importance of ethylene accumulation aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), I-aminocyclopropane-I-carboxylic acid (ACC) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were added to the nutrient medium and ethylene was measured during callus culture. Ethylene restricted callus growth particularly under high (35°C) compared with moderate (25°C) incubation temperatures and under illuminated compared with dark incubation. Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG ( 5 μM ) and AgNO3 (50 μM) improved rice callus growth by 69 and 54% respectively while ACC (100 μM) decreased growth by 15%. Furthermore, rice callus growth was better in large compared with small culture vessels since ethylene accumulation was reduced. In contrast, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace. Growth was better under illuminated than darkened conditions and under moderate (25°C) compared with high (35°C) incubation temperatures. Furthermore, wheat callus growth was only marginally better in large compared with small culture vessels. Ethylene was not a restrictive factor of wheat callus growth since only low levels were detected in all conditions of incubation. Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availability could be a way of increasing cell and tissue production for genetic engineering studies of otherwise recalcitrant species such as rice, and may be a way of improving manipulation of wheat.

Study of callus growth and organ formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissue cultures

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dudits ◽  
G. Nemet ◽  
Z. Haydu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Organ Formation ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Callus

Callus cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were established by incubation of segments from root tips, shoots of seedlings, and from rachis with B5 and T media. 2,4,5-Tri-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Benazolin, and Banvel D (Dicamba) were found to be appropriate growth regulators for initiation and maintenance of wheat callus cultures. Cytokinins inhibited callus growth. This effect was less pronounced with zeatin than with kinetin and benzyladenine. Supplementation of media with cytokinins, however, increased the number of roots formed in the callus. Shoots and complete plants were regenerated from rachis and shoot callus.

scholarly journals Callus Induction and Regeneration from Germinating Mature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Samih M. Tamimi ◽  
Halima Othman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Callus

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation(48 to 56%)on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.

scholarly journals Receiving of genetic-modified wheat plants with heterolous ornitin-δ-aminotransferase gene

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
O. M. Honcharuk ◽  
O. V. Dubrovna
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Binary Vector ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation

Aim. Receiving of genetically modified plants of bread wheat with heterologous ornithine‑δ‑aminotransferase gene. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus cultures in vitro, PCR-analysis. Results. By Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the morphogenic calluses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the AGLO strain containing the binary vector pBi-OAT with the target ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (oat) and selective neomycinphosphotransferase II (nptII), transgenic plants-regenerators have been obtained. Conclusions. As a result of the genetic transformation of Zimoyarka variety, 12 wheat regenerants were obtained in the genome which revealed a complete integration of the genetic construct containing the oat and nptII transgenes. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, ornithine‑δ‑aminotransferase gene, PCR-analysis.

Enhanced Regeneration from Wheat Callus Cultures Using Dicamba and Kinetin 1

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Papenfuss ◽  
J. G. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Wheat Callus

scholarly journals Promising Antifungal Effect of Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Arnhold Pagnussatt ◽  
Cristiana Costa Bretanha ◽  
Larine Kupski ◽  
Jaqueline Garda-Buffon ◽  
Eliana Badiale-Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Antifungal Effect

scholarly journals Characterizing the Role of TaWRKY13 in Salt Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhou ◽  
Wei-Jun Zheng ◽  
Bao-Hua Liu ◽  
Jia-Cheng Zheng ◽  
Fu-Shuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Data Set

The WRKY transcription factor superfamily is known to participate in plant growth and stress response. However, the role of this family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely unknown. Here, a salt-induced gene TaWRKY13 was identified in an RNA-Seq data set from salt-treated wheat. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that TaWRKY13 was significantly induced in NaCl-treated wheat and reached an expression level of about 22-fold of the untreated wheat. Then, a further functional identification was performed in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that TaWRKY13 is a nuclear-localized protein. Moreover, various stress-related regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter. Expression pattern analysis revealed that TaWRKY13 can also be induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and cold stress. After NaCl treatment, overexpressed Arabidopsis lines of TaWRKY13 have a longer root and a larger root surface area than the control (Columbia-0). Furthermore, TaWRKY13 overexpression rice lines exhibited salt tolerance compared with the control, as evidenced by increased proline (Pro) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under salt treatment. The roots of overexpression lines were also more developed. These results demonstrate that TaWRKY13 plays a positive role in salt stress.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Kurdish Rice Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Didar Rahim ◽  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Nawroz Tahir ◽  
Tomáš Vyhnánek ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is productively affected by different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic distinction among Kurdish rice genotypes using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and to perform in vitro tests to characterize the drought tolerance of six local rice genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.38 to 0.84 with an average of 0.56. The genetic distance ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. Drought stress had a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on callus growth parameters. Enzymatic antioxidant systems were predicted and exhibited a significant variation. The findings revealed that proline levels increase in proportion to polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. Kalar and Gwll Swr genotypes showed the worst performances in phenotypic and biochemical traits, while Choman and Shawre exhibited the best phenotypic and biochemical performances. A positive and substantial relationship between callus fresh weight (CFW) and callus dry weight (CDW) was found under stressful and optimized conditions. Callus induction (CI) was positively and significantly associated with the catalase activity (CAT) in all stressed treatments. Based on the results for callus growth and the biochemical parameters under stress conditions, a remarkable genotype distinction, based on the tolerance reaction, was noted as follows: PEG resistant > susceptible, Choman > Shawre > White Bazyan > Red Bazyan > Gwll Swr > Kalar. The CI and CAT characteristics were considered as reliable predictors of drought tolerance in rice genotypes.

Evaluation of different extractants for the estimation of bioavailable selenium in seleniferous soils of Northwest India

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Dhillon ◽  
Neeraj Rani ◽  
S. K. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Western India ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Northwest India ◽  
North Western

Efficacy of various extractants—AB-DTPA, 0.5 m Na2CO3, 0.25 m KCl, 0.1 m KH2PO4, hot water, and isotopically exchangeable selenium (Se)—was studied for estimating bioavailable Se in 15 naturally occurring alkaline seleniferous soils in north-western India. Total Se concentration in these soils varied from 0.6 to 3.1 µg/g. Amount of Se extracted as isotopically exchangeable was the greatest, and that extracted with 0.5 m Na2CO3 was the smallest. When grown in the seleniferous soils, raya (Brassica juncea) accumulated (μg Se/g dry matter) 1.5–86.6, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 0.7–58.3, maize (Zea mays L.) 1.7–8.6, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) 1.5–4.6. Raya, wheat, and maize plants absorbed Se more than the maximum permissible level for animal consumption (5 μg Se/g dry matter) in 9, 8, and 4 experimental soils, respectively. Selenium concentration of maize was significantly correlated with the amount of Se extracted by 0.25 m KCl (r = 0.646,P < 0.01), 0.1 m KH2PO4 (r = 0.498,P < 0.10), and with total Se concentration (r = 0.628,P < 0.05) of the soils; Se concentration in rice was correlated with AB-DTPA extractable Se (r = 0.443,P < 0.10). Highly significant relationships between hot water soluble Se and concentration of Se in raya (r = 0.705,P < 0.01), wheat (r = 0.696,P < 0.01), maize (r = 0.698,P < 0.01), and rice (r = 0.559,P < 0.05) suggest that it can reliably quantify bioavailable Se in seleniferous soils of north-western India. Hot water soluble Se was positively correlated with electrical conductivity (r = 0.514,P < 0.05), total Se concentration (r = 0.710,P < 0.01), and KCl-extractable Se (r = 0.712,P < 0.01) of the soils.

Differential Metabolism of the Sulfonylurea Herbicide Prosulfuron (CGA-152005) by Plant Microsomes

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Moreland ◽  
Thomas J. Fleischmann ◽  
Frederick T. Corbin ◽  
Janis E. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride

Microsomes isolated from excised shoots of 3-day-old. dark grown, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Funk G522DR and DK 41Y] and corn seedlings [Zea mays (L.), Pioneer 3245] metabolized the sulfonylurea herbicide prosulfuron (CGA-152005). Corn microsomes predominantly formed a single major metabolite that resulted from hydroxylation of the phenyl ring at the C5 position. However, sorghum microsomes formed two major metabolites in an approximate 1:1 ratio. One was the 5-hydroxyphenyl metabolite, whereas the second metabolite resulted from ö-demethylation at C4 of the triazine ring. Metabolite identity was established by mass spectrometry and co-chromatography with authentic standards. Metabolism in both corn and sorghum was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of the seed with naphthalic anhydride and by subirrigation with 2.5% ethanol 24 h prior to harvest. Metabolism required a reduced pyridine nucleotide and was affected by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitors (carbon monoxide, tetcyclacis, piperonyl butoxide, 1 aminobenzotriazole, and SKF-525A). The inhibitors differentially affected metabolism of prosulfuron. Microsomal oxidations from both untreated and inducer-treated tissue responded similarly to the inhibitors. In exploratory studies, microsomes isolated from shoots of wheat [Triticum aestivum L., Pioneer 2548], barley [Hordeum vulgare L., Boone], oats [Avena sativa L., Southern States 76-30-P242] and rice [Oryza sativa L„ Gulfmont], and room ripened avocado [Persea americana, Mill., Hass] mesocarp tissue also primarily formed the 5-hydroxyphenyl metabolite. Titration of seven different avocado microsomal preparations with prosulfuron provided typical type I difference spectra from which an average binding constant (Ks) of 187 ± 35 μm was obtained

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