Evaluation of different extractants for the estimation of bioavailable selenium in seleniferous soils of Northwest India

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Dhillon ◽  
Neeraj Rani ◽  
S. K. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Western India ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Northwest India ◽  
North Western

Efficacy of various extractants—AB-DTPA, 0.5 m Na2CO3, 0.25 m KCl, 0.1 m KH2PO4, hot water, and isotopically exchangeable selenium (Se)—was studied for estimating bioavailable Se in 15 naturally occurring alkaline seleniferous soils in north-western India. Total Se concentration in these soils varied from 0.6 to 3.1 µg/g. Amount of Se extracted as isotopically exchangeable was the greatest, and that extracted with 0.5 m Na2CO3 was the smallest. When grown in the seleniferous soils, raya (Brassica juncea) accumulated (μg Se/g dry matter) 1.5–86.6, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 0.7–58.3, maize (Zea mays L.) 1.7–8.6, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) 1.5–4.6. Raya, wheat, and maize plants absorbed Se more than the maximum permissible level for animal consumption (5 μg Se/g dry matter) in 9, 8, and 4 experimental soils, respectively. Selenium concentration of maize was significantly correlated with the amount of Se extracted by 0.25 m KCl (r = 0.646,P < 0.01), 0.1 m KH2PO4 (r = 0.498,P < 0.10), and with total Se concentration (r = 0.628,P < 0.05) of the soils; Se concentration in rice was correlated with AB-DTPA extractable Se (r = 0.443,P < 0.10). Highly significant relationships between hot water soluble Se and concentration of Se in raya (r = 0.705,P < 0.01), wheat (r = 0.696,P < 0.01), maize (r = 0.698,P < 0.01), and rice (r = 0.559,P < 0.05) suggest that it can reliably quantify bioavailable Se in seleniferous soils of north-western India. Hot water soluble Se was positively correlated with electrical conductivity (r = 0.514,P < 0.05), total Se concentration (r = 0.710,P < 0.01), and KCl-extractable Se (r = 0.712,P < 0.01) of the soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Paint Industry Effluent on Soil Productivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
YN Jolly ◽  
A Islam ◽  
SB Quraishi ◽  
AI Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

The impact of various dilutions (2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50%) of paint industry effluent on physico-chemical properties of soil and the germination, growth and dry matter productions of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been studied. The effluent was acidic and had low BOD and COD values because of its low content of suspended solid. It contained high concentration of calcium, medium concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, sulphate, chloride and low concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and bicarbonate. The trace element like Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were measured in the μg L-1 level. On irrigation of soil with the effluent an increase in the water soluble salts, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron contents of the soil for effluent concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% were observed but all these parameters were found to decrease on treatment of the soil with the effluent concentration of 25% and above. The effluent of the lower concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%) enhanced the growth of both crops. However, negative effects on seed germination, dry matter production and the yield of both crops were found for the effluent concentration of 25% and above. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2441 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 41-53, 2008

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. II. Effect on Growth and Nutrient Uptake

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and spraying of transpiration suppressants on growth and nutrient uptake by spring sorghum (CSH 6) have been investigated. Crop growth, measured by plant-height, leaf area index and dry matter production, and uptake of N, P and K increased with more frequent irrigation and in response to the spraying of transpiration suppressants. Foliar applications of atrazine at 200 g ha−1 and CCC at 300 ml ha−1 proved to be the best in this NW Indian location.

The question of grain content and forage quality in maize: comparisons between isogenic fertile and sterile plants

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Grain Formation

SUMMARYResults are presented from four experiments in which comparisons were made between isogenic sterile and fertile plants of maize to study the effects of grain content on yield and quality of shoot dry matter. In two experiments comparisons were made over a range of densities, extending from 5 to 25 plants/m2 in 1972 and 5 to 20 plants/m2 in 1973. The other two experiments, grown in 1974 at a density of 10 plants/m2, were sampled 30, 60 and 90 days after flowering.In 1972 and 1973 yield of shoot dry material was about 10% higher in fertile plants at the lowest density, 5 plants/m2, but grain formation had a negligible effect at higher densities. In 1974, at 10 plants/m2, the yield advantage for fertile plants was 6–7%. These results are in line with other European data, but show a much smaller effect of grain formation on shoot dry matter yield than is normally recorded in USA trials. The discrepancies probably reflect differences in environmental conditions.Absence of grain had little effect on contents of nitrogen, ash and in vitro digestible dry matter, and increased content of pepsin soluble material and hot water soluble carbohydrates. Percentage content of dry matter in the shoot was higher in fertile plants in 1973, and during the later stages of crop development in 1974.The results suggest that the importance attached to high grain content as an essential requirement for yield and quality in forage maize is exaggerated, and that the restriction of maize breeding and testing programmes to assessments of grain production, in the belief that the best grain varieties will also be best for forage, can no longer be justified in northern European countries.

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. II. Effect on Growth and Nutrient Uptake

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and spraying of transpiration suppressants on growth and nutrient uptake by spring sorghum (CSH 6) have been investigated. Crop growth, measured by plant-height, leaf area index and dry matter production, and uptake of N, P and K increased with more frequent irrigation and in response to the spraying of transpiration suppressants. Foliar applications of atrazine at 200 g ha−1 and CCC at 300 ml ha−1 proved to be the best in this NW Indian location.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of locally available polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Md.Jahirul Islam ◽  
Jayasree Das ◽  
Nurul Absar ◽  
Md. Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Water Soluble Protein

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world and the staple food of more than half the global population. An investigation was carried out to identify chemical and minerals composition of twelve varieties of locally produced polished rice namely, Parija, Minikat, Sawrna, Jeerashile, Nurjahan, Pari Shiddho, Paijam, Basmoti, Govindavogh, Katarivogh, Nagirshail and Chinigura. We analyzed Moisture, Ash, Dry Matter, Crude Fibre(CF), Crude Protein(CP),Water soluble protein, Fat, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable Energy (ME),Total sugar, Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and minerals when the rice varieties are in polished form and obtained comparative data on their chemical composition and nutritive values. The results revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the twelve varieties comprising Moisture(10.21±0.07to13.22±0.08%), Ash(0.30±0.02 to 0.57±0.02%), Dry Matter(86.78±0.08 to 89.78±0.07%), Crude Fibre(0.15±0.02 to 0.63±0.02%), Crude Protein(6.31±0.01 to 8.31±0.01%), Water soluble protein(0.13±0.02 to 0.25±0.02%),Fat(0.09±0.01 to 2.90±0.02%), Total Carbohydrate (76.33±0.13 to 81.87±0.05%), Metabolizable Energy (2834.31 to 3017.27 Kcal/Kg), Total sugar(0.06±0.01 to 0.40±0.01%), Reducing sugar(0.01±0.01 to 0.09±0.02%), Non-reducing sugar(0.05±0.01 to 0.36±0.01%) and minerals such as Sodium (69.07±0.13 to 118.87±0.39 mg%), Potassium(0.38±0.02 to 3.41±0.47mg%), Calcium (1.1±0.1 to 1.85±0.03mg%), Magnesium (0.13±0.04 to 0.61±0.01mg%), Iron (0.0003±0.0005 to 0.0005±0.0002mg%), Phosphorus (0.52±0.03 to 2.33±0.03mg%) respectively. 

GROWTH DEPRESSING FACTORS IN RAPESEED OIL MEAL: V. THE EFFECTS OF MYROSINASE ACTIVITY ON THE TOXICITY OF THE MEAL

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Belzile ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
L. R. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Myrosinase Activity ◽  
Soluble Components

A study was made of the effects of adding 0.1 per cent myrosinase (a thioglucoside-splitting enzyme) to mouse diets containing Swedish or Polish type rapeseed oil meal and hot water-treated fractions of the meal. The latter were devoid of active enzyme but contained known quantities of the thioglucosides, precursors of the toxic isothiocyanates (I) and thiooxazolidones (T).Hot water extraction of the meals resulted in about 20 per cent of the dry matter being extracted and in significant alteration in the proportions and amounts of I and T.The addition of myrosinase to untreated rapeseed oil meals failed to increase the toxicity, presumably because there was already sufficient enzyme in the meals to reduce gains to about 25 per cent of normal. Addition of enzyme to the extracted residue (containing about one-third of the original thioglucosides of the meal) also failed to increase the toxicity. Enzyme addition to diets containing the water-soluble components resulted in significant growth depression but the full potential toxicity was not obtained.It is concluded that the enzyme myrosinase is an important factor affecting the toxicity of rapeseed oil meal in animal feeding, although conditions for its optimum activity were not achieved in this experiment where semi-purified enzyme was employed as a dietary supplement.

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