Yield, yield components and shoot morphology of four contrasting lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars grown in three cool temperate environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Pembleton ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
J. J. Volenec ◽  
R. S. Smith ◽  
R. P. Rawnsley
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Morphological Development

Understanding which component has the greatest influence on yield is vital when managing lucerne (Medicago sativa) crops to maximise the production of high-quality forage. However, both yield components and plant morphology are affected by interactions between environment conditions and plant genetics. Field experiments across three environments (dryland at Cambridge: 500 mm annual rainfall, brown sodosol soil type; dryland at Elliott: 1200 mm annual rainfall, red ferrosol soil type; and irrigated at Elliott) in Tasmania, Australia were undertaken to investigate the yield, yield components and plant morphology of four lucerne cultivars; DuPuits, Grasslands Kaituna, SARDI 7 and SARDI 10 under cutting. The effect of cultivar on dry matter (DM) yield was different in each environment, with Grasslands Kaituna achieving the highest yield (P < 0.05) in dryland environments, while no difference in DM yield among cultivars (P > 0.05) occurred under irrigation. Stepwise linear regression consistently confirmed mass per shoot as the yield component with the greatest influence on DM yield for all cultivars and environments. Shoot density also had an influence on DM yield in two of the three environments. DuPuits had the highest leaf : stem ratio in all three environments and slower morphological development in two of the environments. Management practices across all environments and cultivars should aim to increase mass per shoot to maximise yield. Of the cultivars examined Grasslands Kaituna is the most appropriate for dryland conditions in Tasmania, while all cultivars examined were suited to production under irrigation.

Small grain screenings in wheat: interactions of cultivars with season, site, and management practices

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
W. K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Small grains that pass through a 2-mm slotted screen (sievings or screenings) are one of the most important causes of price dockages of wheat in Australia because grain size variation greatly affects flour yield and commercial value. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of season, time of sowing, plant population, and applied nitrogen, and their interactions with cultivars, on small grain screenings. Twenty-one field experiments involving 16 new cultivars and elite crossbreds, and various management variables, were conducted in the medium (annual rainfall 325–450 mm) and low (annual rainfall <325 mm) rainfall zones of the Northern Agricultural Region of Western Australia over 3 diverse cropping seasons (1999–2001). Rainfall events towards the end of the season were critical to the level of screenings. Screenings were higher in season 2000 with terminal drought stress, but were low in 2001 despite severe drought stress during early growth. Delayed seeding caused higher screenings in 1999 (average rainfall with even distribution) and in 2000 (terminal drought) but not consistently in 2001 when early drought stress restricted tillering and spike size thereby constraining the yield level. Strong varietal and time of sowing interactions were evident but the relationship between maturity group and the level of screenings was not consistent. Rather, the ability of cultivars to adjust yield components was more important; 82% of the total variance in small grain screenings was accounted for by a regression model based on variety-specific kernel weight, post-heading rainfall (from about 2 weeks before anthesis), and location factors. The effect of increasing plant population on screenings was mostly negative, with some minor exceptions for a few cultivars in the low-rainfall zone. As applied nitrogen was increased, screenings generally increased and cultivar influenced this trend more than rainfall zone. It is postulated that for a cultivar to be unaffected by applied nitrogen, it should have inherently higher grain weight as well as high stability of grain weight across nitrogen levels. Applied nitrogen had a significant effect on screenings only at higher plant populations. In experiments where the level of screenings exceeded 5%, the yield components that were significantly associated with screenings, in order of relative importance, were grain weight > grain number/area > grain number/head > grain yield. Cultivars differed in production of screenings in response to plant population, nitrogen fertiliser and sowing time. Harrismith was the most sensitive cultivar and Wyalkatchem was overall the most tolerant cultivar. Delayed seeding had the least effect on the screenings of cultivars Westonia, Carnamah, and Wyalkatchem. Carnamah was the most stable cultivar against higher levels of applied nitrogen, whereas Westonia required high plant numbers to contain screenings. It is concluded that cultivars can be classified according to specific sensitivities, and appropriate management practices may be suggested to growers.

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND SEEDING RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BRASSICA NAPUS CV. TOWER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
G. M. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An analysis of the yield components of rape (Brassica napus L.) was carried out under field conditions for 2 yr at Saskatoon. Plant morphology and the crop environment were altered by the use of four planting densities and three water regimes. The number of branches per plant was scarcely affected by irrigation, but was reduced by high seeding rates. Number of pods per plant was increased by irrigation and reduced by high seeding rates. The number of seeds per pod was increased by irrigation, but reduced by high seeding rates. The 1,000-seed weight was increased both by irrigation and increased seeding rate, as was seed yield. Yield was positively correlated with 1,000-seed weight in both years. Yield component compensation was evident in the relationship of 1,000-seed weight to pod number and number of seeds per pod.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of P and K interaction on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Abd El Lateef ◽  
Asal M. Wali ◽  
M. S. Abd El-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Yield Component Traits

Abstract Background The relation between the macronutrients P and K seems to be synergistic due to the beneficial effects of the interaction between (P × K) and varies according to the variety used. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to study the effect of interaction of phosphatic fertilization at 0, 37.5 and 75 kg P2O5 ha−1 and potassic fertilization at 0 and 57.6 kg K2O ha−1 on the yield and yield components of two mungbean varieties, viz. Kawmy-l and V2010, as well as determining the relationship between the two nutrients interaction. Results The results showed that there were varietal differences in yield and yield components regardless fertilizer application. Either phosphatic or potassic fertilization significantly increased mungbean yield and yield components traits. Significant effects due to the interaction (V × P) were reported on yield component traits in both seasons. Furthermore, the triple interaction (V × P × K) indicates that synergistic effect was reported for the two varieties and was more clearer for V2010 where it needed both of P and K nutrients to out yield the greatest seed yield ha−1, while Kawmy-1 gave the greatest seed yield ha−1 without K application. Conclusion It could be concluded from this study that mungbean varieties differ in their response to the synergistic interaction effect of P and K and the combination of 75 kg P2O5 + 57.6 kg K2O is preferable for V2010 and 75 kg P2O5 alone for Kawmy-1 to produce the greatest yield.

scholarly journals Maize Yield Components as Affected by Plant Population, Planting Date and Soil Coverings in Brazil

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Gustavo Castilho Beruski ◽  
Luis Miguel Schiebelbein ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Final Yield

The potential yield of annual crops is affected by management practices and water and energy availabilities throughout the crop season. The current work aimed to assess the effects of plant population, planting dates and soil covering on yield components of maize. Field experiments were carried out during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons at areas grown with oat straw, voluntary plants and bare soil, considering five plant populations (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha−1) and three sowing dates (15 September, 30 October and 15 December) for the hybrid P30F53YH in Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil. Non-impacts of soil covering or plant population on plant height at the flowering phenological stage were observed. Significant effects of soil covering on yield components and final yield responses throughout the 2014–2015 season were detected. An influence of plant populations on yield components was evidenced, suggesting that, from 80,000 plants ha−1, the P30F53YH hybrid performs a compensatory effect among assessed yield components in such a way as to not compromise productivity insofar as the plant population increases up to 120,000 plants ha−1. It was noticed, a positive trend of yield components and crop final yield as a function of plant density increments.

Oil yield components and oil quality of high stearic-high oleic sunflower genotypes as affected by intercepted solar radiation during grain filling

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D. Martínez ◽  
Natalia G. Izquierdo ◽  
Raúl González Belo ◽  
Luis A. N. Aguirrezábal ◽  
Fernando Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

High stearic-high oleic sunflower oil presents high thermal stability. This oil is an alternative to the hydrogenation process which produces trans fatty acids. The effect of intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant during grain filling on oil yield components and oil fatty acid composition was investigated in three sunflower high stearic-high oleic genotypes. Three field experiments were conducted and treatments to modify ISR per plant were applied during grain filling: shading, defoliating and thinning plants. Increasing ISR per plant linearly increased grain number per capitulum, weight per grain and in some cases palmitic and stearic acid percentages. In the hybrid, grain oil percentage and oleic acid concentration increased with a decreasing rate, reaching a maximum value at high levels of ISR per plant. Linoleic acid percentage decreased with a decreasing rate, reaching a minimum value at high levels of ISR per plant. Oil yield components presented heterosis. This information contributes to explain the effects of environment on yield and oil quality in high stearic-high oleic genotypes and could be used to design management practices that optimise these traits.

scholarly journals Maize Yield Components as Affected by Plant Population, Planting Date, Crop Growing Season and Soil Coverings in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Castilho Beruski ◽  
Luis Miguel Schiebelbein ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Potential Yield

The potential yield of annual crops is affected by management practices and water and energy availabilities throughout the crop season. The current work aimed to assess the effects of plant population and soil covering on yield components of maize. Field experiments were carried out during 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons at areas grown with oat straw, voluntary plants and bare soil, considering five different plant populations (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha-1) and three sowing dates (15 Sep., 30 Oct., 15 Dec.) for the hybrid P30F53YH in Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, Brazil. Non-impacts of soil covering or plant population on plant height at the flowering phenological stage were observed. Significant effects of soil covering on crop physiological and yield components responses throughout the 2014-15 season were detected. Influence of plant populations on yield components was evidenced, suggesting that from 80,000 plants ha-1 the P30F53YH hybrid performs a compensatory effect among assessed yield components in such a way as to not compromise productivity insofar as plant population increases up to 120,000 plants ha-1. It was noticed a positive trend of yield components and crop final yield as a function of plant density increments.

Yield formation in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kalinová ◽  
J. Moudrý ◽  
V Čurn
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Yield Formation

Seven varieties of common buckwheat were tested in field experiments under two levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0 and 50 kg N ha-1) during the period 1998-2000. The objective of the experiments was to evaluate the influence of varieties, fertilisation andyear on the formation of yield components in common buckwheat and to evaluate the relationships between the individual components. As was observed, a compensatory ability exists among the particular yield components. An increase in stand density reduces branching and the number of inflorescences per plant. The number of flowers in the raceme is influenced by the mean day temperature during the period from flower bud formation to the beginning of flowering (r = -0.98, P < 0.01). Rainfall during flowering negatively influenced the number of achenes per plant. The high number of flowers reduced seed setting and negatively influenced the yield due to competition for assimilates. The high number of achenes per plant was linked to lower weight (r = -0.33, P < 0.05). The occurrence of empty achenes was a result of the susceptibility of the plants to the temperature conditions during the achene maturation period (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). The main yield component determining the yield was the number of fully developed achenes per plant.

scholarly journals Yield and yield component performance of soybean promising line in upland during the rainy season

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
MM Adie ◽  
A Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Promising Line ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Soybean development in dry land during the rainy season not only contributes to soybean production but also has the potential to be a source of seeds. The research aimed to identify the yield and yield component performance of soybean promising line at upland in the rainy season. A total of fourteen soybean promising lines and two check cultivars were evaluated for their yield and yield components in Blitar and Malang. The field experiments were conducted in each location during the rainy season 2021 using a randomized block design with four replicates. A significant GEI was found on the plant height, number of branches/plant, number of nodes/plant, number of filled pods/plant, and 100 seed weight. The Blitar location indicated resulting in the optimum yield and yield components of the tested promising lines. The average yield in Blitar was 2.81 t/ha (an average of 2.07 – 3.60 t/ha) and in Malang was 2.16 t/ha (an average of 1.52 – 3.18 t/ha). The number of branches and number of nodes has significant roles in determining the seed yield in soybean. Two genotypes with consistently high yield in Blitar and Malang are recommended to be evaluated in further advanced yield trials in different environments.

scholarly journals Alternative products on Asian soybean rust control and their influence on defoliation, productivity and yield components

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Maristella Dalla Pria ◽  
Henrique Luis da Silva ◽  
Mônica Gabrielle Harms
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Rust Severity

ABSTRACT To study the efficiency of Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) control and to test the effects of using alternative products and fungicides, two field experiments were conducted during the harvest seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Treatments for the experiments were: 1- control (water); 2- acibenzolar-S-methyl; 3- calcium; 4- micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc; 5- micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum; 6- NK fertilizer; 7- Ascophyllum nodosum, and 8- azoxystrobin + cyproconazole. The evaluated variables were: Asian soybean rust severity, defoliation, productivity and yield components. Based on severity data, the area under the disease progress curve was calculated. In the two experiments, the alternative products had no effect on Asian soybean rust or defoliation. Only the treatment with fungicide controlled the disease and decreased defoliation. The yield component affected by the treatments was the number of pods per plant, in both harvest seasons. Treatment with the fungicide protected soybean from yield loss in both experiments. Defoliation was strongly correlated with the weight of one thousand seeds and the number of pods per plant, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the leaf area to ensure the maintenance of the yield components in soybean crop.

scholarly journals Influence of crop management on formation of yield components of winter oilseed rape

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Krček ◽  
Petr Baranyk ◽  
Václav Brant ◽  
Josef Pulkrábek
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The habitus of oilseed rape and its yield component values can be strongly affected by the structure of its stand. Field experiments took place in Central Bohemia in years 2013–2015 aiming at determining the influence of row-spacing (12.5, 25, 35 and 45 cm) on the yield components. Chosen parameters (the number of plants per unit area, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and yield) were evaluated at the monitored stands (30 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> sowing rate, cv. DK Exquisite). The study confirmed the statistical significance of the influence of row-spacing on some winter oilseed rape yield components. Widening of the row-spacing has led to a decrease in the number of pods per plant and the number of plants per unit area and an increase in the number of seeds per pod parameter. 1000 seed weight was not affected. This study did not confirm a positive effect of sowing oilseed rape in rows wider than 12.5 cm. Therefore, such an agronomical decision cannot be recommended as a way to achieve higher seed yield.

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