Oil yield components and oil quality of high stearic-high oleic sunflower genotypes as affected by intercepted solar radiation during grain filling

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D. Martínez ◽  
Natalia G. Izquierdo ◽  
Raúl González Belo ◽  
Luis A. N. Aguirrezábal ◽  
Fernando Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

High stearic-high oleic sunflower oil presents high thermal stability. This oil is an alternative to the hydrogenation process which produces trans fatty acids. The effect of intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant during grain filling on oil yield components and oil fatty acid composition was investigated in three sunflower high stearic-high oleic genotypes. Three field experiments were conducted and treatments to modify ISR per plant were applied during grain filling: shading, defoliating and thinning plants. Increasing ISR per plant linearly increased grain number per capitulum, weight per grain and in some cases palmitic and stearic acid percentages. In the hybrid, grain oil percentage and oleic acid concentration increased with a decreasing rate, reaching a maximum value at high levels of ISR per plant. Linoleic acid percentage decreased with a decreasing rate, reaching a minimum value at high levels of ISR per plant. Oil yield components presented heterosis. This information contributes to explain the effects of environment on yield and oil quality in high stearic-high oleic genotypes and could be used to design management practices that optimise these traits.

Cultivar effects on relationship between grain number and photothermal quotient or spike dry weight in wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LÁZARO ◽  
P. E. ABBATE
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

SUMMARYIn wheat, the photothermal quotient (Q, the ratio between mean incident solar radiation and mean temperature is greater than 4·5°C in the 30 days preceding anthesis), is a good estimator of grain number/m2 (GN) and of yield. Previous investigations have not analysed in depth whether the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars, or what is the cause of the eventual variation. In the present work, the results of field experiments carried out between 1994 and 2001 in various locations were used to test the following hypotheses: (i) the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars; (ii) these differences are caused by differences in the spike fertility index (GN/g spike dry weight/m2 at the beginning of grain filling (SDW)). The responses of GN to Q were compared for five wheat cultivars (four bread wheats and one durum wheat) and it was found that with Q values above 0·3 MJ/m2/d°C, all responses of GN to Q were linear, positive and parallel. A method was then proposed to obtain cultivar-specific GN from a common relationship between GN and Q. This method would facilitate GN estimation in crops with changes in sowing dates, sites or years, starting from data of potential GN and yield that is relatively easy to obtain. Differences among cultivars in response to Q were due to differences in GN response at SDW. Similar SDW values produced different GN, depending on the spike fertility index of each cultivar. The cultivars did not differ in their responses of SDW to Q. The association between spike fertility index and SDW was strongly negative in bread wheat. At lower levels of Q or SDW, the spike fertility index increased in all cultivars, at least when changes in SDW or Q were caused mainly by intercepted solar radiation, but the present results demonstrate that differences between cultivars also exist in this relationship.

Dynamics of phytosterols content and concentration in sunflower grains

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl González Belo ◽  
Leonardo Velasco ◽  
Susana M. Nolasco ◽  
Natalia G. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation ◽  
Important Objective

Phytosterols are allies in the control of plasma cholesterol and in preventing cardiovascular diseases. As vegetable oils are the main source of phytosterols, characterising environmental factors that determine phytosterols accumulation in the oil is an important objective. The present research focuses on evaluating how intercepted solar radiation (ISR, the main environmental factor affecting oil accumulation) can determine phytosterol accumulation in sunflower oil. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of phytosterols accumulation under different ISR levels and its relationships with the dynamics of oil accumulation. Two field experiments were conducted with hybrids with different fatty acid composition. Treatments applied during grain filling were: two levels of defoliation (75% and 80%) and a control. A 50% grain thinning treatment was also applied. Oil phytosterols concentration increased with defoliation during grain-filling period, whereas phytosterols content per grain decreased. β-sitosterol and campesterol were the most affected sterols. Reduction in ISR did not affect the rates of phytosterols accumulation. The durations of the accumulation period of these components varied in accordance with the duration of oil accumulation period. These results reinforce the importance of environmental factor in determining oil quality in sunflower grains.

Yield, yield components and shoot morphology of four contrasting lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars grown in three cool temperate environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Pembleton ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
J. J. Volenec ◽  
R. S. Smith ◽  
R. P. Rawnsley
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Morphological Development

Understanding which component has the greatest influence on yield is vital when managing lucerne (Medicago sativa) crops to maximise the production of high-quality forage. However, both yield components and plant morphology are affected by interactions between environment conditions and plant genetics. Field experiments across three environments (dryland at Cambridge: 500 mm annual rainfall, brown sodosol soil type; dryland at Elliott: 1200 mm annual rainfall, red ferrosol soil type; and irrigated at Elliott) in Tasmania, Australia were undertaken to investigate the yield, yield components and plant morphology of four lucerne cultivars; DuPuits, Grasslands Kaituna, SARDI 7 and SARDI 10 under cutting. The effect of cultivar on dry matter (DM) yield was different in each environment, with Grasslands Kaituna achieving the highest yield (P < 0.05) in dryland environments, while no difference in DM yield among cultivars (P > 0.05) occurred under irrigation. Stepwise linear regression consistently confirmed mass per shoot as the yield component with the greatest influence on DM yield for all cultivars and environments. Shoot density also had an influence on DM yield in two of the three environments. DuPuits had the highest leaf : stem ratio in all three environments and slower morphological development in two of the environments. Management practices across all environments and cultivars should aim to increase mass per shoot to maximise yield. Of the cultivars examined Grasslands Kaituna is the most appropriate for dryland conditions in Tasmania, while all cultivars examined were suited to production under irrigation.

scholarly journals Maize Yield Components as Affected by Plant Population, Planting Date and Soil Coverings in Brazil

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Gustavo Castilho Beruski ◽  
Luis Miguel Schiebelbein ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Final Yield

The potential yield of annual crops is affected by management practices and water and energy availabilities throughout the crop season. The current work aimed to assess the effects of plant population, planting dates and soil covering on yield components of maize. Field experiments were carried out during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons at areas grown with oat straw, voluntary plants and bare soil, considering five plant populations (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha−1) and three sowing dates (15 September, 30 October and 15 December) for the hybrid P30F53YH in Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil. Non-impacts of soil covering or plant population on plant height at the flowering phenological stage were observed. Significant effects of soil covering on yield components and final yield responses throughout the 2014–2015 season were detected. An influence of plant populations on yield components was evidenced, suggesting that, from 80,000 plants ha−1, the P30F53YH hybrid performs a compensatory effect among assessed yield components in such a way as to not compromise productivity insofar as the plant population increases up to 120,000 plants ha−1. It was noticed, a positive trend of yield components and crop final yield as a function of plant density increments.

Oil Yield Components of Maize Crops Exposed to Heat Stress during Early and Late Grain-Filling Stages

Crop Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 2236-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis I. Mayer ◽  
Juan I. Rattalino Edreira ◽  
Gustavo A. Maddonni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oil Yield

scholarly journals Maize Yield Components as Affected by Plant Population, Planting Date, Crop Growing Season and Soil Coverings in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Castilho Beruski ◽  
Luis Miguel Schiebelbein ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Potential Yield

The potential yield of annual crops is affected by management practices and water and energy availabilities throughout the crop season. The current work aimed to assess the effects of plant population and soil covering on yield components of maize. Field experiments were carried out during 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons at areas grown with oat straw, voluntary plants and bare soil, considering five different plant populations (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha-1) and three sowing dates (15 Sep., 30 Oct., 15 Dec.) for the hybrid P30F53YH in Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, Brazil. Non-impacts of soil covering or plant population on plant height at the flowering phenological stage were observed. Significant effects of soil covering on crop physiological and yield components responses throughout the 2014-15 season were detected. Influence of plant populations on yield components was evidenced, suggesting that from 80,000 plants ha-1 the P30F53YH hybrid performs a compensatory effect among assessed yield components in such a way as to not compromise productivity insofar as plant population increases up to 120,000 plants ha-1. It was noticed a positive trend of yield components and crop final yield as a function of plant density increments.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Content and Composition of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum.L) Under Integrated Nutrient Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Baraa Al-Mansour ◽  
M. Vasundhara
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Combined Application

 Field experiments were conducted at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016 with nine treatments and three replications in a randomized block design to find out the effects of integrated nutrient management on Quantity and Quality of essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) . The results revealed that combined application of recommended FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) registered the highest oil yield in the main crop (211.94, 187.46 l ha-1) and in ratoon (144.36, 70.81 l ha-1) during 2015, 2016, respectively. For oil quality, the main constituents of basil essential oil have been reported and the result showed that chemical compositions of the essential oil for sweet basil were affected by fertilizers in the maincrop and ratoon during two years of the experiment. In general, application of NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) i.e., T9 recorded the best quality. The results obtainedfrom this study demonstrated that integrated nutrient management can maximize nutrient absorption as a result of increased soil fertility which reflected on oil yield and quality.

scholarly journals The productivity of Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices and seed priming in Eastern Indian sub-Himalayan plains

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mookherjee ◽  
GC Malik ◽  
S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
B Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2007-08 to 2008-09 at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar situated at sub-Himalayan plains popularly known as terai region of West Bengal, India to study the productivity of yellow sarson under different nutrient management practices and seed priming methods. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with eight nutrient management practices and three seed priming methods. The results showed marked improvement in yield components, productivity and economics of yellow sarson due to integrated nutrient management and seed priming methods. Significantly highest seed yield (1374 kg ha-1) was recorded with combination comprising FYM + Azotobacter + PSB and 75% of the recommended fertilizers. The integrated nutrient management practice also had greater impact in production economics, sustenance in soil fertility and enrichment of soil nutrients. The crop receiving plant nutrients only from chemical sources showed poor productivity leading to less remuneration. Higher seed oil content (41.8% and 42.2%) was obtained with the application of 100% of the recommended dose (60:30:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) along with sulphur (20 kg ha-1) but the oil yield was not impressive due to poor seed yield. Pre-sowing soaking of seeds with 100 ppm KH2PO4 also showed improvement in yield components, productivity and oil yield of the yellow sarson crop compared to seeds soaked with 100 ppm Na2HPO4 and water. Net returns and return/rupee invested were higher when the yellow sarson seeds were soaked with 100 ppm KH2PO4 over the other soaking methods. Variations in residual fertility were not discernible due to seed soaking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21117 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 106-116 (2014)

Relationship between oil tocopherol concentration and oil weight per grain in several crop species

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Izquierdo ◽  
S. Nolasco ◽  
C. Mateo ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
L. A. N. Aguirrezábal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Oil Synthesis ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

The objectives of this work were (i) to analyse the effect of intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant during grain filling on oil tocopherol concentration in soybean, maize and rape and (ii) to investigate in these species if variations in oil tocopherol concentration are well accounted for by variations in oil weight per grain. Field experiments were conducted with genotypes of soybean, maize and rape. A genotype of sunflower was included as ‘control species’ as its behaviour was known from previous works. ISR was modified during grain filling by shading or thinning plants. Plants were harvested at physiological maturity and oil tocopherol concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Samples from other field or growth chamber experiments were also processed. In the four species, increasing radiation increased the oil and tocopherol weight per grain. Increasing ISR reduced oil tocopherol concentration in sunflower, soybean and rape but not in maize. The oil tocopherol concentration would be reduced by ISR in those species, with high oil contents in their grains, where the oil synthesis is more increased than tocopherol synthesis. The variations in oil tocopherol concentration were accounted for by variations in oil weight per grain only in those species with high and variable oil concentration.

Effect of growth temperature on the high stearic and high stearic-high oleic sunflower traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Izquierdo ◽  
L. A. N. Aguirrezábal ◽  
E. Martínez-Force ◽  
R. Garcés ◽  
V. Paccapelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Response To Temperature

We investigated variability in the response of oil fatty acid composition to temperature among high stearic and high stearic-high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Two experiments were conducted with high stearic (including the CAS-3 mutation) and high stearic-high oleic inbred lines (including both the CAS-3 and the high oleic Soldatov mutations). Plants were cultivated in pots with soil, irrigated, and fertilised. Plants were exposed to different day/night temperatures during grain filling: 16/16°C, 26/16°C, 26/26°C, and 32/26°C. Oil fatty acid composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography in seeds harvested after physiological maturity. Higher temperature during grain filling increased palmitic and oleic acid percentages and reduced stearic and linoleic acid percentages, suggesting some modifications on enzymatic activities. When the high oleic mutation was included, the variation in stearic and oleic acid percentages in response to temperature was reduced but not the variation in palmitic acid concentration. Variations in fatty acid composition in high stearic genotypes were mainly associated with night temperature as reported previously for traditional and high oleic hybrids. Knowing the effect of temperature on oil fatty acid composition in traditional and mutated genotypes is useful for selecting the environment in which to produce grains with the desired oil quality.

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