Soil phosphorus supply affects nodulation and N:P ratio in 11 perennial legume seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Mark Tibbett ◽  
Matthew D. Denton ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
P Supply ◽  
N Status

Developing new perennial pasture legumes for low-P soils is a priority for Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems, where soil P availability is naturally low. As legumes tend to require higher P inputs than non-legumes, the ability of these plants to fix N2 under varying soil P levels must be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil P supply on plant N status and nodule formation in 11 perennial legumes, including some novel pasture species. We investigated the effect of applying soil P, ranging from 0 to 384 μg P/g dry soil, on plant N status and nodulation in a glasshouse. Without exogenous P supply, shoot N concentration and N : P ratio were higher than at 6 μg P/g soil. Shoot N concentration and N : P ratio then changed little with further increase in P supply. There was a close positive correlation between the number of nodules and shoot P concentration in 7 of the 11 species. Total nodule dry weight and the percentage of plant dry weight that consisted of nodules increased when P supply increased from 6 to 48 μg P/g. Without exogenous P addition, N : P ratios partitioned into a two-group distribution, with species having a N : P ratio of either >70 or <50 g/g. We suggest that plants with a high N : P ratio may take up N from the soil constitutively, while those with a low N : P ratio may regulate their N uptake in relation to internal P concentration. The flexibility of the novel pasture legumes in this study to adjust their leaf N concentrations under different levels of soil P supplements other published evidence of good growth and high P uptake and P-use efficiency under low soil P supply and suggests their potential as pasture plants in low-P soils in Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems warrants further attention.

Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Soil phosphorus (P) buffer capacity is the change in the quantity of sorbed P required per unit change in solution P concentration. Because P availability to crops is mainly determined by solution P concentration, as P buffer capacity increases, so does the quantity of P required to maintain a solution P concentration that is adequate for crop demand. Bicarbonate-extractable P using the Colwell method is the most common soil P test used in Australia, and Colwell-P can be considered to estimate P quantity. Therefore, as P buffer capacity increases, the Colwell-P concentration required for maximum yield also increases. Data from several published and unpublished studies are used to derive relationships between the ‘critical’ Colwell-P value (Colwell-P at 90% maximum yield) and the single-point P buffer index (PBI) for annual medics, soybean, potato, wheat, and temperate pasture. The rate of increase in critical Colwell-P with increasing PBI increases in the order: temperate pasture < medics < wheat < potato. Indicative critical Colwell-P values are given for the 5 crops at each of the PBI categories used to describe soil P buffer capacity as it increases from extremely low to very high.

Residues from a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) green manure crop grown with phosphate rock influence bioavailability of soil phosphorus

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Arcand ◽  
D H Lynch ◽  
R P Voroney ◽  
P. van Straaten
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Microbial Biomass P ◽  
P Supply

Low soil test phosphorus (P) concentrations are common in organically managed soils in Canada. This field study examined the effect of residues from a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) green manure (GM) crop grown with an igneous and a sedimentary source of phosphate rock (PR) on in situ soil P supply, Olsen P, and soil microbial biomass P on an organic farm in Ontario, Canada. Phosphate rock application did not increase GM dry matter production, but did increase above-ground tissue P concentration with applications of the sedimentary PR (Calphos). In the following spring, in situ soil P supply and Olsen P were increased in GM residue-applied soils and in soils containing the Calphos PR, while microbial biomass P was largely unaffected. Release of P was detected when GM P concentration was greater than 2.9 g P kg-1. The results suggest the quality of the GM residues had more influence on P availability than the quantity applied to the soil; however, the low changes in available P (P supply and Olsen P) were not agronomically significant. Key words: Phosphate rock, soil phosphate supply, Olsen P, organic agriculture, green manure

Influence of Glomus fasciculatus mycorrhizae on some physical and chemical characteristics of Platanus occidentalis seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Inoculation of Platanus occidentalis seedlings with Glomus fasciculatus significantly increased plant dry weight and foliar phosphorus (P) concentration when compared with the uninoculated control. After 12 weeks inoculated seedlings were 73% taller and 200% greater in total dry weight. The largest dry weight increase was recorded for foliage (212%) followed in order by stem (202%) and root (171%). Averaged overall nutrient treatments, foliar P concentration was 22% greater for the inoculated seedlings. Nutrient regimes representing 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's No. 2 solution and a control significantly influenced seedling height, dry weight, percentage of foliar N, P, and K, and the degree of root colonization. Maximum growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were associated with the 2× Hoagland's nutrient regime followed in order by the 4× and 1× nutrient treatments and the control. Degree of root colonization by G. fasciculatus increased from 42% of the root length in the unfertilized control to 48% at the 1× Hoagland's regime and sharply declined at the 2× and 4× levels. Total dry weight of inoculated seedlings was significantly greater than the noninoculated control at each nutrient level. Incremental differences were 2.71, 4.03, 4.37, and 3.08 g for the control, 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's nutrient regimes, respectively. Seedling growth attributed to G. fasciculatus is directly related to degree of mycorrhizal colonization and inversely related to the amount of extractable soil P.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency and Leaching Losses from Lysimeter-grown Citrus Trees Fertilized at Three Nitrogen Rates

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Syvertsen ◽  
M.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leaf N

Four-year-old `Redblush' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees on either the relatively fast-growing rootstock `Volkamer' lemon (VL) (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) or on the slower-growing rootstock sour orange (SO) (C. aurantium L.) were transplanted into 7.9-m3 drainage lysimeter tanks filled with native Candler sand, irrigated similarly, and fertilized at three N rates during 2.5 years. After 6 months, effects of N application rate and rootstock on tree growth, evapotranspiration, fruit yield, N uptake, and leaching were measured during the following 2 years. When trees were 5 years old, low, medium, and high N application rates averaged about 79,180, or 543 g N/tree per year and about 126,455, or 868 g N/tree during the following year. Recommended rates average about 558 g N/tree per year. A lysimeter tank with no tree and additional trees growing outside lysimeters received the medium N treatment. Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water increased with N rate and exceeded 10 mg·liter-1 for trees receiving the high rates and also for the no tree tank. Leachate N concentration and total N recovered was greater from trees on SO than from those on VL. Average N uptake efficiency of medium N rate trees on VL was 6870 of the applied N and 61 % for trees on SO. Nitrogen uptake efficiency decreased with increased N application rates. Trees outside lysimeters had lower leaf N and fruit yield than lysimeter trees. Overall, canopy volume and leaf N concentration increased with N rate, but there was no effect of N rate on fibrous root dry weight. Fruit yield of trees on SO was not affected by N rate but higher N resulted in greater yield for trees on VL. Rootstock had no effect on leaf N concentration, but trees on VI. developed larger canopies, had greater fibrous root dry weight, used more water, and yielded more fruit than trees on SO. Based on growth, fruit yield and N leaching losses, currently recommended N rates were appropriate for trees on the more vigorous VL rootstock but were 22% to 69 % too high for trees on SO.

scholarly journals Solar radiation effects on leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Chinese fir across subtropical China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tong ◽  
Yini Cao ◽  
Zhihong Zhu ◽  
Chenyang Lou ◽  
Benzhi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Background Solar radiation (SR) plays critical roles in plant physiological processes and ecosystems functions. However, the exploration of SR influences on the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems is still in a slow progress, and has important implications for the understanding of plant adaption strategy under future environmental changes. Herein, this research was aimed to explore the influences of SR on plant nutrient characteristics, and provided theoretical basis for introducing SR into the establishment of biochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future researches. Methods We measured leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in 19 Chinese fir plantations across subtropical China by a field investigation. The direct and indirect effects of SR, including global radiation (Global R), direct radiation (Direct R) and diffuse radiation (Diffuse R) on the leaf N and P stoichiometry were investigated. Results The linear regression analysis showed that leaf N concentration had no association with SR, while leaf P concentration and N:P ratio were negatively and positively related to SR, respectively. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) demonstrated that SR (e.g. Direct R and Diffuse R), as a latent variable, exhibited direct correlations with leaf N and P stoichiometry as well as the indirect correlation mediated by soil P content. The direct associations (path coefficient = − 0.518) were markedly greater than indirect associations (path coefficient = − 0.087). The covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) indicated that SR had direct effects on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = − 0.481), and weak effects on leaf N concentration. The high SR level elevated two temperature indexes (mean annual temperature, MAT; ≥ 10 °C annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 °C AAT) and one hydrological index (mean annual evapotranspiration, MAE), but lowered the soil P content. MAT, MAE and soil P content could affect the leaf P concentration, which cause the indirect effect of SR on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = 0.004). Soil N content had positive effect on the leaf N concentration, which was positively and negatively regulated by MAP and ≥ 10 °C AAT, respectively. Conclusions These results confirmed that SR had negatively direct and indirect impacts on plant nutrient status of Chinese fir based on a regional investigation, and the direct associations were greater than the indirect associations. Such findings shed light on the guideline of taking SR into account for the establishment of global biogeochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future studies.

scholarly journals Variations of leaf N, P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China: phylogeny, climate and soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18973-18998 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yang ◽  
X. Chi ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
W. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract. Concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key leaf traits in ecosystem functioning and dynamics. Foliar stoichiometry varies remarkably among life forms. However, previous studies have focused on trees and grasses, leaving the knowledge gap for the stoichiometric patterns of shrubs. In this study, we explored the intra- and interspecific variations of leaf N and P concentration in relation to climate, soil property and evolutionary history based on 1486 samples composed of 163 shrub species from 361 shrubland sites in northern China expanding 46.1° (86.7–132.8° E) in longitude and 19.8° (32.6–52.4° N) in latitude. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased with precipitation, leaf P concentration decreased with temperature and increased with precipitation and soil P concentration. Both leaf N and P concentrations were phylogenetically conserved, but leaf P concentration was less conserved than leaf N concentration. At community level, climates explained more interspecific, while soil nutrient explained more intraspecific, variation of leaf nutrient concentrations. These results suggested that leaf N and P concentrations responded to climate, soil, and phylogeny in different ways. Climate influenced the community chemical traits through the shift in species composition, whereas soil directly influenced the community chemical traits.

Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 3. Part 2, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1997, 48, 869-81.. Effects of plant nitrogen status and genotype on the calibration of plant tests for diagnosing phosphorus d

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
N Supply ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Labile P ◽  
N Status

The influence of plant nitrogen (N) status and plant genotype on plant test criteria for diagnosing phosphorus (P) deficiency in wheat was examined in 2 glasshouse experiments. Criteria for both total and labile P in leaf blades of standard physiological age are, to only a minor extent, affected by variations in N supply and by genotypic diversity Interactions between N and P supply had marked and complex effects on shoot and root yield, P and N uptake in shoots and concentrations in leaf blades, and on the distribution of P and P fractions within wheat shoots. Thus, whilst the external P requirement (i.e. P level required for 90% maximum shoot yield) more than doubled as N supply was raised, variations in N supply had only minor effects on internalP requirement (i.e. the tissue P concentration required for 90% maximum shoot yield). On the other hand, the external P requirement for root yield varied markedly with plant age and N supply. N deficiency increased total P concentrations in leaf blades at all P levels, primarily by increasing the concentration of the labile P fraction. Also, N concentrations increased to adequate levels in the shoots of P-deficient plants but only at the 2 lower levels of applied N. Plant N status also affected the shape of diagnostic relationships between relative shoot yield and P concentrations in young and mature leaf blades by constricting P concentration in the adequate-luxury zone and increasing the slope of the relationship in the zone of deficiency. Whilst the asymptotic grain yield and external requirement for P for the tall cultivar (Halberd) was substantially less than for the semi-dwarf cultivars (Condor and Durati), consistent P cultivar interactions on shoot yield and P uptake during vegetative growth, were largely absent. For leaf blade classes examined, the shape of the diagnostic relationship for total and labile P was essentially similar for each cultivar. As a result, differences in estimated critical P concentrations for total and labile P between the cultivars for leaf blades during vegetative growth, or criteria for grain, glumes, and straw at maturity, were relatively small.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of N, P, and K in an Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Willow Biomass System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos K. Quaye ◽  
Timothy A. Volk ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Supply

The seasonal variations in soil nutrient supply and bioavailability were assessed in a willow biomass crop (Salix miyabeana, SX64) treated with 150 and 200 kg available N ha−1of commercial fertilizer (CF), biosolid compost (BC), dairy manure (DM), and control (CT0) at Delhi, NY. Plant root simulator probes were used to measure nutrient supply (inside) and bioavailability (outside) of root exclusion cylinders. Measurements were made in September 2008 and May, August, and October of 2009. Soil moisture content (θd)and foliar nutrient concentrations were also determined. The BC treatments increased soil P supply more than CF and CT0. The supply ofNH4+and K in the soil increased in August but their bioavailability increased in May and October. SoilNO3-and P supply and bioavailability were both high in May. Foliar N and K concentrations were significantly high in May and low in August which could be due to dilution effect caused by increased soil moisture foliar dry weight. Foliar P concentrations increased in September and October. The observed higher soilNO3-mineralization and plant uptake in May suggest that in high soilNO3-conditions willow biomass crops can level and minimize leaching out of the root zone into groundwater.

Proximal fluorescence sensing for in-season diagnosis of rice nitrogen status

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Huang ◽  
Y. Miao ◽  
F. Yuan ◽  
Q. Cao ◽  
H. Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
N Status

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using Multiplex 3, a hand-held canopy fluorescence sensor, to determine rice nitrogen (N) status at different growth stages. In 2013, a paddy rice field experiment with five N fertilizer treatments and two varieties was conducted in Northeast China. Field samples and fluorescence data were collected simultaneously at the panicle initiation (PI), stem elongation (SE), and heading (HE) stages. Four N status indicators, leaf N concentration (LNC), plant N concentration (PNC), plant N uptake (PNU) and N nutrition index (NNI), were determined. The preliminary results indicated that different N application rates significantly affected most of the fluorescence variables, especially the simple fluorescence ratios (SFR_G, SFR_R), flavonoid (FLAV), and N balance indices (NBI_G, NBI_R). These variables were highly correlated with N status indicators. More studies are needed to further evaluate the accuracy of rice N status diagnosis using fluorescence sensing at different growth stages.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS SHOOT REGROWTH OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO C. BACHIEGA ZAMBROSI ◽  
RAFAEL VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO ◽  
EDUARDO CARUSO MACHADO ◽  
JÚLIO CÉSAR GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
P Supply

SUMMARYThe shoot regrowth vigour of sugarcane varieties having contrasting phosphorus (P) efficiency was evaluated under varying soil P availability. The P-inefficient (IAC91–1099 and IACSP94–2101) and -efficient (IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000) sugarcane varieties were grown under low (25 mg P kg−1 soil) or high (400 mg P kg−1 soil) P supply at planting. After 90 days (first cycle of growth), the shoots were harvested and regrowth was studied 70–75 days later by evaluating photosynthesis, leaf area formation, biomass production and P uptake. The shoot dry matter (DM) of sugarcane regrowth subjected to a low P supply was genotype-dependent, with the P-efficient varieties exhibiting greater values than the inefficient ones. This result was explained by the greater efficiency of IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000 in acquiring P rather than P utilization efficiency for shoot biomass production. The root P stored during the first cycle of growth would represent only a minor fraction (< 20%) of the total P content in the shoots at the end of the regrowth period. Thus, we argue that the improved shoot P uptake of the P-efficient varieties was related to their ability to sustain P acquisition after harvesting rather than to the remobilization of root P reserves. Moreover, our data revealed that net CO2 assimilation per leaf area was not associated with differential performance among varieties under P deficiency, suggesting a more critical role of total leaf area in photosynthate supply for sugarcane regrowth. In conclusion, sugarcane regrowth is improved in P-efficient varieties under P deficiency conditions, a finding of practical relevance as such ability might benefit the productivity and the longevity of sugarcane ratoons in low P tropical soils.

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