Influence of Glomus fasciculatus mycorrhizae on some physical and chemical characteristics of Platanus occidentalis seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Inoculation of Platanus occidentalis seedlings with Glomus fasciculatus significantly increased plant dry weight and foliar phosphorus (P) concentration when compared with the uninoculated control. After 12 weeks inoculated seedlings were 73% taller and 200% greater in total dry weight. The largest dry weight increase was recorded for foliage (212%) followed in order by stem (202%) and root (171%). Averaged overall nutrient treatments, foliar P concentration was 22% greater for the inoculated seedlings. Nutrient regimes representing 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's No. 2 solution and a control significantly influenced seedling height, dry weight, percentage of foliar N, P, and K, and the degree of root colonization. Maximum growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were associated with the 2× Hoagland's nutrient regime followed in order by the 4× and 1× nutrient treatments and the control. Degree of root colonization by G. fasciculatus increased from 42% of the root length in the unfertilized control to 48% at the 1× Hoagland's regime and sharply declined at the 2× and 4× levels. Total dry weight of inoculated seedlings was significantly greater than the noninoculated control at each nutrient level. Incremental differences were 2.71, 4.03, 4.37, and 3.08 g for the control, 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's nutrient regimes, respectively. Seedling growth attributed to G. fasciculatus is directly related to degree of mycorrhizal colonization and inversely related to the amount of extractable soil P.

Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope ◽  
H. A. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
White Ash ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatus ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Hyphae

Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment. When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae, and significantly increased chlamydospore production. For noninoculated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings, total dry weight and stem height tended to decrease with increases in rates of paraquat applied. In contrast, seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment. The amount of mycorrhizal hyphae was significantly correlated to seedling height and diameter, total dry weight, and percentage foliar elemental P.

scholarly journals Plant growth and phosphorus uptake in mycorrhizal rangpur lime seedlings under different levels of phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Nogueira ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) to arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), under P levels ranging from low to excessive. Plants were grown in three levels of soluble P (25, 200 and 1,000 mg kg-1), either inoculated with Glomus intraradices or left noninoculated, evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after transplanting (DAT). Total dry weight, shoot P concentration and specific P uptake by roots increased in mycorrhizal plants with the doses of 25 and 200 mg kg-1 P at 90 DAT. With 1,000 mg kg-1 P, mycorrhizal plants had a transient growth depression at 90 and 120 DAT, and nonmycorrhizal effects on P uptake at any harvesting period. Root colonization and total external mycelium correlated positively with shoot P concentration and total dry weight at the two lowest P levels. Although the highest P level decreased root colonization, it did not affect total external mycelium to the same extent. As a result, a P availability imbalance affected negatively the mycorrhizal symbiosis and, consequently, the plant growth.

Field Determination of the Critical Nutrient Concentrations for Cladophora in Streams

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wong ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Total P

Many streams in southern Ontario experience excessive seasonal growth of aquatic plants such as Cladophora and Potamogeton. A direct relation, with a regression coefficient of 0.87, was observed between ambient P concentration in the water and P content of plant tissue in six rivers. Critical or growth controlling total P concentration of 60 μg/liter in stream water and 1.6 mg/gram dry weight in plant tissue were determined. Unlike P, no significant correlation was observed between N content of plant tissue and N concentration in water. The correlation of total P with plant growth can be used to estimate the waste load which would result in maximum growth rate of Cladophora.

scholarly journals Variations of leaf N, P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China: phylogeny, climate and soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18973-18998 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yang ◽  
X. Chi ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
W. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract. Concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key leaf traits in ecosystem functioning and dynamics. Foliar stoichiometry varies remarkably among life forms. However, previous studies have focused on trees and grasses, leaving the knowledge gap for the stoichiometric patterns of shrubs. In this study, we explored the intra- and interspecific variations of leaf N and P concentration in relation to climate, soil property and evolutionary history based on 1486 samples composed of 163 shrub species from 361 shrubland sites in northern China expanding 46.1° (86.7–132.8° E) in longitude and 19.8° (32.6–52.4° N) in latitude. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased with precipitation, leaf P concentration decreased with temperature and increased with precipitation and soil P concentration. Both leaf N and P concentrations were phylogenetically conserved, but leaf P concentration was less conserved than leaf N concentration. At community level, climates explained more interspecific, while soil nutrient explained more intraspecific, variation of leaf nutrient concentrations. These results suggested that leaf N and P concentrations responded to climate, soil, and phylogeny in different ways. Climate influenced the community chemical traits through the shift in species composition, whereas soil directly influenced the community chemical traits.

scholarly journals Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparros ◽  
Eva María Almansa ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different light treatments on biomass, nutrient concentrations and physiological parameters of Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem) Van Houtte. The aim was to establish a methodology to evaluate the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) emitted by lamps on biomass. The light treatments used were tube luminescent Dunn (TL-D), tube luminescent Dunn + light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Tube luminescent 5 (TL-5). At the end of the experimental period, biomass, nutritional, biochemical, and physiological parameters were assessed. A clear reduction in total plant dry weight under TL-D + LEDs at the end of the experiment was recorded. With respect to nutrient concentration in the different organs assessed, there was no clear response under the different light treatments. The growth under TL-D lamps resulted in the highest concentration of total soluble sugars and starch in leaves, whereas the highest value of indole 3-acetic acid concentration was under TL-5 lamps. Plants grown under TL-D + LEDs showed the lowest values of chlorophyll a, b and a + b. The relationship proposed between integrated use of spectral energy (IUSE) and total dry weight (TDW) showed a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.86, therefore we recommend this methodology to discern the effects of the different spectral qualities on plant biomass.

Comparative effects of Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees on soil characteristics in Zambezi riverine woodlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Acacia Albida

ABSTRACTSoil nutrient concentrations under Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees growing in Zambezi riverine woodlands were compared with soils in the open, beyond tree canopies. Concentrations of N, C, P and K were higher under tree canopies. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were unchanged. Soils were slightly more acid under A. albida trees relative to open soil, but were less acid under K. africana. Soil P concentration was higher under K. africana than under A. albida. Otherwise, the two species had similar effects on soil fertility. Despite previous claims, A. albida is probably no more efficient at increasing soil fertility than other savanna trees.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of N, P, and K in an Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Willow Biomass System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos K. Quaye ◽  
Timothy A. Volk ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Supply

The seasonal variations in soil nutrient supply and bioavailability were assessed in a willow biomass crop (Salix miyabeana, SX64) treated with 150 and 200 kg available N ha−1of commercial fertilizer (CF), biosolid compost (BC), dairy manure (DM), and control (CT0) at Delhi, NY. Plant root simulator probes were used to measure nutrient supply (inside) and bioavailability (outside) of root exclusion cylinders. Measurements were made in September 2008 and May, August, and October of 2009. Soil moisture content (θd)and foliar nutrient concentrations were also determined. The BC treatments increased soil P supply more than CF and CT0. The supply ofNH4+and K in the soil increased in August but their bioavailability increased in May and October. SoilNO3-and P supply and bioavailability were both high in May. Foliar N and K concentrations were significantly high in May and low in August which could be due to dilution effect caused by increased soil moisture foliar dry weight. Foliar P concentrations increased in September and October. The observed higher soilNO3-mineralization and plant uptake in May suggest that in high soilNO3-conditions willow biomass crops can level and minimize leaching out of the root zone into groundwater.

scholarly journals Targeting Low-Phytate Soybean Genotypes Without Compromising Desirable Phosphorus-Acquisition Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireadili Kuerban ◽  
Wenfeng Jiao ◽  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Jingying Jing ◽  
Li-Juan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Food And Feed

Phytate-phosphorus (P) in food and feed is not efficiently utilized by humans and non-ruminant livestock, potentially contributing to high losses of P to the environment. Crops with high P-acquisition efficiency can access soil P effectively. It remains elusive whether crop genotypes with high P-acquisition efficiency can also have low seed phytate concentrations. A core collection of 256 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes from China with diverse genetic background were grown in the same environment and seeds were sampled to screen for seed phytate-P concentration. Some of these genotypes were also grown in a low-P soil in the glasshouse to measure root morphological and physiological traits related to P acquisition. Large genotypic variation was found in seed phytate-P concentration (0.69–5.49 mg P g–1 dry weight), total root length, root surface area, rhizosheath carboxylates, and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosheath soil. Geographically, seed phytate-P concentration was the highest for the genotypes from Hainan Province, whereas it was the lowest for the genotypes from Inner Mongolia. Seed phytate-P concentration showed no correlation with any desirable root traits associated with enhanced P acquisition. Two genotypes (Siliyuan and Diliuhuangdou-2) with both low phytate concentrations and highly desirable P-acquisition traits were identified. This is the first study to show that some soybean genotypes have extremely low seed phytate concentrations, combined with important root traits for efficient P acquisition, offering material for breeding genotypes with low seed phytate-P concentrations.

Wild blueberry response to phosphorus applied to Prince Edward Island soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sanderson ◽  
L. J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Pressure on growers to protect the environment and reduce input costs has increased the need to more effectively use fertilizers. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of wild blueberries to soil-applied P on loamy sand to sandy loam Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island over three cropping cycles from 1992 to 1997. The sites had soil test (Mehlich-3) P levels from 33 to 44 µg P g-1, which are rated as L- for blueberries in the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory Standards. Treatments consisted of soil-applied P at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1 applied to the same plots in the sprout year in each of three consecutive cropping cycles. There was a positive linear relationship between application rate of P and extractable soil P and leaf tissue P concentration. Over the 6 yr of the study, soil extractable P increased on average 1.1 µg P g-1 for each kg of soil-applied P compared with the control where no soil P was applied. Increases in levels of tissue P concentration were less dramatic. Plant growth and yields were not affected by rate of soil-applied P fertilizer. This study indicates that on sites with low soil test P, application of soil-applied P did not benefit wild blueberry production. By conserving P fertilizer, growers can also reduce the potential for environmental damage caused by the buildup of soil P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil and leaf nutrient concentrations, wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., yield

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Concentration

A 5N × 5P factorial fertilizer experiment was conducted on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed beds at Campbell River nursery on northern Vancouver Island. Nutrient concentrations were measured in soil and seedlings. After 2 years of growth, trees were lifted from each treatment in mid-November and again in mid-February for storage. All were planted out in April and grown for 2 years. Seedling dry weight and height in the nursery were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment, but not by P fertilizer, although seedling tissue P concentrations were low (0.09-0.17%) and available soil P was significantly increased by treatment. Largest seedlings resulted from application of 50-75 kg N/ha during the 1st year of growth and 100-150 kg N/ha during the 2nd year. Seedling dry weight was correlated with tissue N concentration (r = 0.73-0.75) and greatest dry weight was associated with a 1-0 shoot N or a 2-0 foliar N concentration of 2%. Survival and height 2 years after planting out were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment in the nursery, and the nursery treatments resulting in largest seedlings yielded the highest survival and height. However the N concentration of 2-0 seedlings was not closely correlated with survival or height, and shoot dry weight was the most useful nursery measurement for predicting these values (r = 0.49). Fertilization did not affect cold hardiness and hardiness of trees was essentially the same at both lifting dates. Survival at 2 years after planting was unaffected by lifting date.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document