scholarly journals The effect of sodicity on cotton: Does soil chemistry or soil physical condition have the greater role?

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dodd ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
P. V. Lockwood ◽  
I. J. Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Anionic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Cracking Clays

Soil sodicity is widespread in the cracking clays used for irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in Australia and worldwide and sometimes produces nutrient imbalances and poor plant growth. It is not known whether these problems are due primarily to soil physical or to soil chemical constraints. We investigated this question by growing cotton to maturity in a glasshouse in large samples of a Grey Vertosol in which the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was adjusted to 2, 13, 19, or 24. A soil-stabilising agent, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), was added to half the pots and stabilised soil aggregation at all ESPs. Comparison of the effect of ESP on cotton in the pots with and without PAM showed that, up to ESP of 19, the soil physical effects of sodicity were mainly responsible for poor cotton performance and its ability to accumulate potassium. At ESP >19, PAM amendment did not significantly improve lint yield, indicating that soil chemical constraints, high plant sodium concentrations (>0.2%), and marginal plant manganese concentrations limited plant performance. Further research into commercial methods of amelioration of poor physical condition is warranted rather than application of more fertiliser.

Effect of Herbicide and Manure Applications on Soil Chemistry and Growth of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Quakenbush ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

The influence of manure and herbicide applications on weed-free fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and root rot of fieldbeans was studied during 1978 and 1979 at Scottsbluff, Nebraska. Rates of cattle feedlot manure used were 0, 30000, 56000, 112000, or 168000 kg/ha. Preplant herbicide treatments used were alachlor [2-chloro-2′6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC + trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 2.2 + 0.6 kg/ha, or dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 6.7 kg/ha. Manure rates of 56000 kg/ha or higher reduced fieldbean yields both years, but did not increase electrical conductivity or soil exchangeable sodium enough to explain these yield reductions. In 1978, but not in 1979, height and yield of weed-free fieldbeans were reduced by EPTC, EPTC + trifluralin, and alachlor treatments. A significant interaction between manure and herbicide treatments was not detected and none of the treatments increased the severity of root rot in either year.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE ALGODOEIRO DE FIBRA COLORIDA CULTIVADO EM SOLO SALINO-SÓDICO E ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adaan Sudário Dias ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Four Levels

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE ALGODOEIRO DE FIBRA COLORIDA CULTIVADO EM SOLO SALINO-SÓDICO E ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA ADAAN SUDÁRIO DIAS1; REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE2; GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA3; HANS RAJ GHEYI4 E FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO5 1Engenheiro Agrônomo – Pós-graduando em Engenharia Agrícola – Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola – Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected];2Engenheiro Agrônomo – Doutor – Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias – Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brasil, [email protected];3Engenheiro Agrônomo – Bolsista do Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado, PNPD/CAPES,– Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola – Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected];4Engenheiro Agrônomo – Doutor – Núcleo de Engenharia de Água e Solo, UFRB, Cruz das Almas, BA. Brasil, [email protected];5Graduando em Agronomia – Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias – Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brasil;[email protected]. 1 RESUMO Os solos das regiões áridas e semiáridas podem naturalmente conter sódio trocável em teores suficientes para reduzir significativamente o desenvolvimento e a produtividade das culturas; entretanto, diversos métodos podem ser empregados na recuperação destes solos, sendo a aplicação de melhoradores químicos e material orgânico associado ao emprego de espécies vegetais tolerantes, o meio mais efetivo para amenizar este problema. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a tolerância do algodoeiro de fibra colorida, cv. BRS Topázio, cultivado em solos com distintos percentuais de sódio trocável (PST) e doses de matéria orgânica em experimento conduzido em condição de casa de vegetação do CCTA/UFCG. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, testando-se cinco níveis de PST(13,6; 22,4; 30,1; 39,0 e 48,0%) e quatro doses de matéria orgânica (0; 5; 10 e 15%, base  volume), em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com três repetições. O algodoeiro colorido cv. BRS Topázio é tolerante ao sódio trocável, podendo ser cultivado em solo com PST de até 30%. Nível de esterco bovino de 10% atenuou o efeito do sódio trocável sobre a área foliar, fitomassa seca da parte aérea e massa de semente do algodoeiro respectivamente, sob PST de 31, 48 e 48. O diâmetro de caule, a altura de planta e a massa de pluma de algodoeiro tiveram incremento até o nível de esterco de 15%, já o maior índice de fiabilidade foi obtido sob 9% de esterco. Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L..Sodicidade. Esterco bovino.  DIAS, A. S.; NOBRE, R.G.; LIMA, G. S. de; GHEYI, H. R.; PINHEIRO, F. W. A.GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF COLORED-FIBER COTTON CULTIVATED IN SALINE-SODIC SOIL WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZATION    2 ABSTRACT The soils of arid and semiarid regions naturally contain exchangeable sodium that can significantly reduce development and crop yields, being necessary to treat them to make them productive. Several methods can be employed in the reclamation of these soils, like the introduction of tolerant cultivars, such as cotton and the use of organic material, due to its low cost and availability being the most effective ways to alleviate this problem. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and production colored cotton BRS Topaz, when grown in soil with different exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) and cattle manure in greenhouse of CCTA/UFCG. A completely randomized block design in factorial 5 x 4, with 3 repetitions was used testing five level of ESP and four levels of cattle manure. The colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio is tolerant to exchangeable sodium and can be grown in soil with ESP up to 30%. Organic manure level of 10% attenuated the effect of exchangeable sodium on leaf area, dry weight of shoot and mass of cotton seed, respectively, under ESP of 31, 48 and 48. The stem diameter, plant height and the mass of cotton lint increased up to 15% manure level although the highest spin ability was obtained in 9% of manure and the use of cattle manure was efficient in cultivation of cotton BRS Topaz in sodic soils. Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L.. Sodicity. Cattle manure.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mulch Type and Fertilizer Placement on Marigold (Tagetes erecta `Hybrid Gold') Growth in Landscape Plantings

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 604C-604
Author(s):  
R.M. Mirabello ◽  
A.E. Einert ◽  
G.L. Klingaman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Cottonseed Hull ◽  
Mulch Cover

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of mulch material and fertilizer application method on nutrient availability in a landscape situation. Beds containing four mulch materials (pine bark, cypress pulp, pine straw, and cottonseed hulls) and three fertilizer application methods (granule, liquid, and time release) were established. Fertilizer placement included application either above or below the mulch horizon. Beds with and without mulch cover and no fertilization were established as controls. Marigolds, Tagetes erecta `Hybrid Gold', were planted within the beds. Plants in unmulched or fertilized control beds had greater dry weights than plants in beds with mulch alone. Only plants grown in the cottonseed hull control demonstrated a slight improvement and cottonseed hulls demonstrated the best plant performance overall. The greater nitrogen content of cottonseed hulls may influence less immobilization of nitrogen in the soil solution during decomposition and reduce competition for nutrients between microorganisms and plants. Fertilization improved plant growth in all treatments except pine bark. Beds using pine bark showed significant reduction in plant dry matter accumulation. Potential toxicity or changes in soil chemistry by pine bark may have influenced these results and will be examined in further experiments. Fertilizer placement had no effect on plant growth.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide and plant mineral nutrition: current knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4461-4476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Buet ◽  
Andrea Galatro ◽  
Facundo Ramos-Artuso ◽  
Marcela Simontacchi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

Abstract Plants under conditions of essential mineral deficiency trigger signaling mechanisms that involve common components. Among these components, nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a key participant in responses to changes in nutrient availability. Usually, nutrient imbalances affect the levels of NO in specific plant tissues, via modification of its rate of synthesis or degradation. Changes in the level of NO affect plant morphology and/or trigger responses associated with nutrient homeostasis, mediated by its interaction with reactive oxygen species, phytohormones, and through post-translational modification of proteins. NO-related events constitute an exciting field of research to understand how plants adapt and respond to conditions of nutrient shortage. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NO as a component of the multiple processes related to plant performance under conditions of deficiency in mineral nutrients, focusing on macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, as well as micronutrients such as iron and zinc.

scholarly journals Long-term Organic Production Systems in Northern Highbush Blueberry: Placing Weed Mat over Existing Organic Mulches and Changing to Nitrogen-only Fertilizer Sources Increased Yield

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Davis ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Short Period

In long-lived organic blueberry production systems, nutrient imbalances caused by some fertilization and mulching practices can reduce plant growth and yield. The ability to balance nutrient levels and thus improve productivity over time was evaluated in a mature planting of ‘Duke’ and ‘Liberty’ that had been used to study different mulching practices [sawdust (9-cm deep), yard-debris compost (4-cm) topped with sawdust (5-cm), and weed mat] and various rates and sources of N fertilizer (feather meal or fish solubles, each applied initially at “low” or “high” rates of 29 and 57 kg·ha−1 N in 2007–08 and then increased incrementally as the planting matured to 73 and 140 kg·ha−1 N in 2013–16). In Winter 2016–17, existing weed mat was removed and replaced where it was present, and new weed mat was installed on top of any existing organic mulches, thus changing the mulch treatments to weed mat (over bare soil), weed mat over sawdust, and weed mat over compost + sawdust from 2017 to 2020. A hydrolyzed soy-protein–based fertilizer containing essentially only N was applied at a moderate rate (106 kg·ha−1 N) relative to prior treatments. Plants grown on flat and raised beds were evaluated separately. From 2016 to 2020, yield of ‘Duke’ and ‘Liberty’ increased by an average of 19% and 56%, respectively, on flat beds and 8% and 42%, respectively, on raised beds. On flat or raised beds, plants that had weed mat placed over the existing sawdust or compost + sawdust mulch had a greater increase in yield (averaging 41%) than those with weed mat alone (over bare soil; averaging 12%). Soil under weed mat alone continued to have the lowest organic matter content (averaging 3%) throughout the study. Prior fertilization source and rate had no impact on the increase in yield of ‘Duke’, whereas ‘Liberty’ plants previously fertilized with feather meal had a larger increase in yield through 2020 than those fertilized with fish solubles. Fertilizing with an intermediate rate of N from 2017 to 2020 increased yield regardless of whether plants received the low or high N rate from 2007 to 2016, confirming our previous conclusion that the low rate provided sufficient N. Soil K and leaf %K declined after discontinuing fertilization with fish solubles and use of yard-debris compost, likely a factor in yield improvement. However, there were still negative correlations between yield and leaf %K in multiple years. This study illustrated that changing mulch and fertility practices in established organic blueberry to mitigate prior applications of high K can improve plant performance, nutrient imbalances, and yield within a relatively short period of time.

Soil Chemistry and Plant Performance — Ecological Considerations

1998 ◽  
pp. 634-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germund Tyler ◽  
Ursula Falkengren-Grerup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Plant Performance

Electron Beam-Induced Mass Loss in Freeze-Dried Tissue and Protein Samples

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M.E. Cantino ◽  
M.K. Goddard ◽  
L.E. Wilkinson ◽  
D.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Muscle Homogenate ◽  
Large Muscle

Quantification in biological x-ray microanalysis depends on accurate evaluation of mass loss. Although several studies have addressed the problem of electron beam induced mass loss from organic samples (eg., 1,2). uncertainty persists as to the dose dependence, the extent of loss, the elemental constituents affected, and the variation in loss for different materials and tissues. in the work described here, we used x-ray counting rate changes to measure mass loss in albumin (used as a quantification standard), salivary gland, and muscle.In order to measure mass loss at low doses (10-4 coul/cm2 ) large samples were needed. While freeze-dried salivary gland sections of the required dimensions were available, muscle sections of this size were difficult to obtain. To simulate large muscle sections, frog or rat muscle homogenate was injected between formvar films which were then stretched over slot grids and freeze-dried. Albumin samples were prepared by a similar procedure. using a solution of bovine serum albumin in water. Samples were irradiated in the STEM mode of a JEOL 100C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document