Biplot evaluation of test environments and identification of lentil genotypes with durable resistance to fusarium wilt in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parihar ◽  
Ashwani K. Basandrai ◽  
D. R. Saxena ◽  
K. P. S. Kushwaha ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Natural Incidence

Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis) is the most crucial limiting variable for decreasing yield levels of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) around the world. A set of 20 diverse lentil genotypes comprising breeding lines and released varieties was evaluated, along with susceptible controls, for resistance to fusarium wilt through natural incidence for two continuous years (2010–11 and 2011–12) in six diverse lentil-growing environments in India. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype (G) and environment (E) for disease incidence was highly significant. Among the three sources of variation, the biggest contribution in disease occurrence was accounted for by environment (54.68%), followed by G × E interaction (17.32%). The high G × E variation necessitated assessment of the genotypes at different locations (environments). GGE biplot analysis of the studied genotypes revealed that genotype PL 101 and released cultivar L 4076 had low levels of disease incidence. The sources of resistance to fusarium wilt have great potential for use in lentil-breeding programs. Another biplot of relationships among environments demonstrated that, among the test locations, Sehore and Faizabad, were the most effective for differentiation of genotypes. On the basis of discriminating ability and representativeness, the Sehore location appeared an ideal testing site for natural incidence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

Allelic studies of new sources of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) resistance in barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
R. A. Pickering ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Resistant Lines

The use of genetic resistance is a desirable disease management strategy for controlling scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); thus, it is essential to screen for new sources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to test the novelty of scald resistance in two barley lines from New Zealand, 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6, relative to a number of resistance sources available to western Canadian breeding programs, and to determine the source of this resistance. 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6 were resistant in New Zealand and in scald screening nurseries in Alberta, Canada, in 1998. 145L2 was crossed with 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and with four local resistant lines to determine allelic relationships between 145L2 resistance, 4176/10/n/3/2/6 resistance and the resistance(s) in the local lines. To determine the source of the resistance, all H. vulgare L. lines in the pedigree of the New Zealand lines were evaluated in the same nurseries. The resistance gene in 145L2 was not allelic to that in 4176/10/n/3/2/6 or the other barley lines tested. All lines in the pedigree of the two New Zealand lines were susceptible, suggesting that their resistance is derived from unknown parents in their pedigrees. These New Zealand lines provide new sources of scald resistance that can be incorporated into western Canadian breeding lines. Key words: Barley, scald, resistance

scholarly journals Genetic Resistance of Lactuca spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Murray ◽  
Gulnoz Hisamutdinova ◽  
Germán V. Sandoya ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Stephanie Slinski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (Fol) and is a growing threat to global lettuce production. Fol was first detected in Florida in 2017 and was subsequently confirmed as race 1. Management strategies for this long-persisting soil pathogen are limited, time-consuming and expensive, and they may lack efficacy. Identifying diverse sources of genetic resistance is imperative for breeding adapted cultivars with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of resistance against a race 1 isolate of Fol in Florida, delineate the relationship between foliar and taproot symptoms, and investigate the inheritance of resistance and partial resistance in two F2 populations. Thirteen experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field locations to characterize the diversity of genetic resistance in the genus Lactuca. Leaf cultivars Dark Lollo Rossa and Galactic; romaine breeding lines 43007, 60182, and C1145; and iceberg breeding line 47083 consistently exhibited low foliar and taproot disease symptoms. Resistance was not identified among the wildtype Lactuca or primitive plant introductions (PI) in this study based on taproot symptoms. An additional test was conducted to study the segregation pattern of Fol resistance between one resistant and one susceptible accession (R × S) and one partial resistant and one susceptible accession (PR × S). The F2 population from ‘60182 × PI 358001-1’ fit the expected segregation ratio for a single recessive locus model, whereas the ratio for ‘Dark Lollo Rossa × PI 358001-1’ did not fit either recessive or dominant single locus models. These sources of resistance are potential candidates for developing commercial cultivars with multiple resistance loci against Fol race 1, especially for the Florida lettuce production system.

scholarly journals Development of Sequence-specific Primers that Amplify a 1.5-kb DNA Marker for Race 1 Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Cucumis melo L.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
Ralph A. Dean ◽  
Claude E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Two 24-mer primers, MUSKFOM I and MUSKFOM II, were developed that amplify a 1.5-kb DNA fragment in race 1 Fusarium wilt resistant muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), but not in race 1 susceptible germplasm tested. Three race 1 resistant cultivars and two race 1 resistant breeding lines as well as eight race 1 susceptible lines were analyzed using the two sequence-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction. These primers should prove valuable for nondestructive determination of Fom 2 gene introgression in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance to Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot in South African Sunflower Germplasm

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Seiler ◽  
Christopher G. Misar ◽  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
William R. Underwood ◽  
Bradley C. Flett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Sclerotinia basal stalk rot (BSR) is a serious fungal disease that reduces yield of global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Because limited chemical and biological controls of BSR are available and the present-day hybrids lack sufficient resistance, identification of new sources of resistance is needed to manage the disease in the future. A total of 59 cultivated oilseed sunflower accessions from the Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa sunflower collection were evaluated for resistance to BSR in artificially inoculated field trials. Nine accessions from the South African sunflower collection were identified with a disease incidence less than or equal to the moderately resistant sunflower oilseed hybrid. These lines can be used in breeding programs to introgress the genes for resistance to Sclerotinia BSR into other adapted lines, providing a more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly host plant resistance.

Reactions of eastern Canada oat genotypes to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
Bao-luo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is the most important disease and yield limiting factor of oat production in eastern Canada. In this study 101 oat genotypes composed of 51 cultivars and 50 breeding lines from eight oat breeding programs across Canada were evaluated for seedling reactions to six common Pca races, as well as reactions to a bulk inoculum of Pca in greenhouse trials and for adult plant resistance (APR) to natural populations of Pca in field trials in 2014 and 2015. Sixty-six genotypes showed resistant reactions to at least one of the six races; of these, 22 were resistant to all six races. These 22 genotypes also showed resistance to the bulk inoculum at the seeding stage and to the natural populations of Pca at the adult plant stage, suggesting that these current and future oat varieties have effective resistance against the common races and Pca populations in the region. Eleven genotypes, including 12ANS03, AAC Bullet, CFA1213, CFA1306, Idaho, OA1301-1w-3, OA1369-5, OA1370-2, OA1371-2, OA1383-2, and Oscar, were susceptible as seedlings but resistant as adult plants. APR is proven to be long lasting and provides broad-spectrum resistance to Pca populations. The 11 oat genotypes identified with APR in the present study are more desirable as sources of resistance for breeding programs developing durable crown rust resistant cultivars for eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Management of Fusarium Wilt of China Asters

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Elmer ◽  
Robert J. McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
On Farm

The epidemiology and strategies for management of Fusarium wilt of China aster (Callistephus chinensis) were studied in Connecticut and Florida, USA, by examining seed contamination, on-farm disease incidence, sanitation, host resistance, and various soil treatments. Five out of 25 commercial seed packages from three separate distribution companies assayed in Connecticut had seeds contaminated with the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi. Farm surveys of two cut-flower farms in Connecticut had disease incidences of 32 and 58%, while in Florida, the incidence of the disease ranged from 0.002 to 71.2% in two cut-flower operations. All pathogenic isolates from seed and symptomatic plants in Connecticut were vegetatively compatible, suggesting a common origin. Pathogenic isolates from Florida and nonpathogenic isolates fell into different vegetative compatibility groups and may have had another origin. Sodium hypochlorite solutions (1%) eliminated the fungus from seeds and Styrofoam when applied as a soak or spray, respectively. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide + chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, or metam sodium maintained Fusarium wilt at low levels at a Florida cut-flower production facility. Evaluations of disease resistance of 44 cultivars in the greenhouse identified eight cultivars with moderate resistance. Four cultivars were identified with moderate resistance in field trials and thus could serve as a source of resistant germplasm for future breeding programs. These findings should encourage growers to use sanitation protocols to prevent entry of the pathogen into their fields and to choose commercially available cultivars that have moderate resistance.

Screening Exotic Sorghum Germplasm, Hybrids, and Elite Lines for Resistance to a New Virulent Pathotype (P6) of Peronosclerospora sorghi Causing Downy Mildew

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada L. Radwan ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Clint W. Magill ◽  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Peronosclerospora Sorghi ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

A recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) in Texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl fungicide resistance and a new pathotype, P6, in the causal organism Peronosclerospora sorghi. New and alternate sources of host plant resistance are needed for successful management of SDM. To identify sources of resistance, a total of 333 (242 minicore lines representing diverse germplasm from India, 67 commercial hybrids from Kansas, and 24 elite breeding lines from Texas) were inoculated in the greenhouse. Using an established sandwich inoculation technique, artificial inoculation of test lines with P. sorghi conidia, resulting in < 10% infection, were scored as “resistant.” Fifty-two minicore and 20 accessions from Kansas exhibited ≤ 10% infection and were selected as resistant. Out of 52 resistant minicore accessions, 28 were photoinsensitive. Eleven of 20 commercial hybrids from Kansas showed zero percent infection. Thirteen of 24 elite breeding lines from Texas were also resistant. In this study, resistance sources for the new P6 SDM pathotype were identified. The diversity among these materials is expected to provide different single-gene sources as well as quantitative sources of SDM resistance for use in breeding programs. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to Maize rayado fino virus in Maize Inbred Lines

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Zambrano ◽  
David M. Francis ◽  
Margaret G. Redinbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes one of the most important virus diseases of maize in America. Severe yield losses, ranging from 10 to 50% in landraces to nearly 100% in contemporary cultivars, have been reported. Resistance has been reported in maize populations, but few resistant inbred lines have been identified. Maize inbred lines representing the range of diversity in the cultivated types and selected lines known to be resistant to other viruses were evaluated to identify novel sources of resistance to MRFV. The virus was transmitted to maize seedlings using the vector Dalbulus maidis, and disease incidence and severity were evaluated beginning 7 days postinoculation. Most of the 36 lines tested were susceptible to MRFV, with mean disease incidence ranging from 21 to 96%, and severity from 1.0 to 4.3 (using a 0 to 5 severity scale). A few genotypes, including CML333 and Ki11, showed intermediate levels of resistance, with 14 and 10% incidence, respectively. Novel sources of resistance, with incidence of less than 5% and severity ratings of 0.4 or less, included the inbred lines Oh1VI, CML287, and Cuba. In Oh1VI, resistance appeared to be dominant, and segregation of resistance in F2 plants was consistent with one or two resistance genes. The discovery of novel sources of resistance in maize inbred lines will facilitate the identification of virus resistance genes and their incorporation into breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of winter barley resistance to smut (Ustilago hordei)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova ◽  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Barley Resistance

The current paper presents the 3-year assessment results of domestic and foreign winter barley varieties and lines for smut resistance. The smut pathogen in the Rostov region causes one of the most harmful diseases, which, in addition to direct crop losses (head destruction), causes the so-called hidden losses, which can several times exceed direct ones. An effective way to counteract the disease is to cultivate resistant varieties, and farmers need the reliable sources of resistance to the pathogen. The immunological properties of winter barley varieties were studied in an infectious nursery (2016–2018). Seed infection with spores was carried out by S. Dimitrov’s method (1968) using a nutrient medium. Inoculated seeds were sown at the end of the optimal time. There was estimated a number of infected stems. The variety “Dobrynya 3” was used as a susceptible test-variety, which percentage of infection throughout the years ranged from 20.6 to 71.8%. There were studied 115 domestic and foreign varieties and lines. Among 69 domestic commercial varieties and breeding lines, 11 ones (15.9%) showed good resistance, 21 ones (30.4%) showed weak susceptibility, 30 ones (43.5%) possessed average susceptibility and seven varieties (10.1%) were severely affected by the pathogen. Among foreign varieties, resistance to barley smut has been established in seven German varieties, in three French varieties, in two Swiss varieties, one Czech variety and one Ukrainian variety. The varieties “Rocca”, “Nixe” (Germany), “Metelitsa” (Ukraine) are classified as the best ones in resistance to the pathogen during the artificial infection. The French variety “18513 ЕН11” had no affected plants during the study and was identified as an immune variety. The identified sources of winter barley resistance to smut are recommended for use in breeding programs for immunity.

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