Growth, seed set and nitrogen fixation of 28 annual legume species on 3 Vertosol soils in southern New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Dear ◽  
G. A. Sandral ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
B. C. D. Wilson ◽  
J. N. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
First Year ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
The Individual

The adaptation of 28 annual legume species to heavy clay cracking soils prone to waterlogging during winter was evaluated at 3 sites ranging in pH (CaCl2) from 4.6 to 5.4 in the wheatbelt of southern NSW. The 32 accessions and cultivars included Medicago arabica, M. polymorpha, Melilotus albus (syn. M. alba), Trigonella balansae, and 24 Trifolium species. Species identified as potentially valuable new plants for these environments included Trifolium hirtum, T. echinatum, T. glanduliferum and M. arabica for winter production, and M. albus, T. echinatum, T. glanduliferum, T. isthmocarpum, T. pauciflorum, and T. purpureum for spring production. Current cultivars of T. subterraneum subsp. brachycalycinum cv. Clare, and subsp. yanninicum, cv. Riverina, T. resupinatum cvv. Kyambro, Nitro and Prolific, and T. michelianum cvv. Bolta and Paradana, and M. polymorpha cv. Santiago, also proved well adapted. Average seed mass (size) of the legume species varied from 0.3 mg to 8.9 mg/seed with a negative curvilinear relationship between individual seed mass of a species and the number of seed set at all 3 sites (r2 = 0.59–0.89). Seed mass of a species did not influence winter productivity or seed yield. The percentage of nitrogen biologically fixed by the individual species in the first year averaged over the 3 sites varied from 30 to 75%. Species which fixed the highest proportion of their nitrogen requirement were T. subterraneum, M. arabica, T. isthmocarpum and T. resupinatum cv. Kyambro, all fixing >62% of their shoot nitrogen and having a nitrogen content >3.0%. In contrast, T. sylvaticum, T. cherleri, T. spumosum, T. stellatum and T. glomeratum performed poorly at most sites, and fixed <42% of their nitrogen requirements (averaged over 3 sites) with <2.5% nitrogen in their tissue in spring.

The individual and health sector costs of asthma: the first year of a longitudinal study in New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kenny ◽  
Emily Lancsar ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Madeleine King ◽  
Meredyth Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Mychodea and the Mychodeaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) revisited: molecular analyses shed light on interspecies relationships in Australia’s largest endemic algal genus and family

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Kraft ◽  
Gary W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
The Individual

The red algal genus Mychodea Hook.f. & Harv. is not only Australia’s largest wholly endemic macroalgal genus, it and the family Mychodeaceae (of which it is the sole member) appear to be the largest completely endemic algal genus and family from any continental landmass in the world. Kraft’s 1978 morpho-taxonomic monograph credited Mychodea with 11 species varyingly distributed between Geraldton, Western Australia, south and eastward across the coasts of South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, and northwards into southern New South Wales. Dismissed or discounted was every former extra-Australian attribution of the genus. In the over 40 years since completion of the research, further explorations of marine habitats in Australia have uncovered additional species, and the application of molecular-assisted taxonomic and phylogenetic methodologies has now allowed a substantial refinement of Mychodea systematics. We here document 19 Mychodea species, for 16 of which we have molecular data that support inferences of probable species relationships. To the 11 species treated by Kraft we now add 4 that are recently discovered, resurrect 2 that were synonymised with a third species in his 1978 work, and treat 2 species-level Western Australian entities that remain unnamed for lack of sufficient reproductive material. Mychodea is characterised by elaborate vegetative structures and some of the most complex fertilisation, diploidisation and embryogenesis processes of any red alga, which we detail and illustrate. Distinguishing features of the individual species are highlighted, some of which are particularly unusual.

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NODULE BACTERIA CULTURES (RHIZOBIUM SP.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lehner ◽  
W. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Typical Feature ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Independent Group ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Anthyllis Vulneraria ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Individual

The evaluation of the purity and quality of nodule bacteria cultures, used for the inoculation of seeds, requires a useful morphological approach for control purposes. For that reason 23 sources of nodule bacteria were characterized with regard to their shape and form by means of living preparations. The typical stages of the nodule bacteria of various Leguminosae, appearing exclusively in the form of rods, were photomicrographed. These studies included bacteria isolated many years ago as well as those obtained in 1955. The inoculation material at hand consisted of slightly motile rods of straight and sometimes slightly bent form, the length of which differed even among nodule bacteria of the same species.In relation to the systematic classification of the Leguminosae, the nodule bacteria variations isolated from the former were united in the following 10 groups of forms:1. The forms from the Lupinus group as a morphologically homogeneous series.2. The nodule bacteria of Medicago sativa L., M. lupulina L., and Melilotus albus Med. with transitional characteristics between the individual species.3. The nodule bacteria of the Trifolium species, sometimes non-uniform, showed thick rods of variable lengths.4. The group of the nodule bacteria of Anthyllis vulneraria L., Lotus uliginosus L., and L. corniculalus L. characterized as short rods. A typical feature seems to be the development of star-shaped accumulations.5. The independent group of the nodule bacteria of Onobrychis sativa Lmk.6. The independent group of Ornithopus sativus Brot.7. The nodule bacteria of Vicia faba L. and V. sativa L. showing short and long rods with heavy mucus development.8. The nodule bacteria of Lens esculenta Moench showing short rods of varying thickness.9. The typical straight rods of Pisum sativum L. and P. arvense L.10. The long rods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. nanus L. differing from those of Pisum sp. only by the slight bend of the rods and a typical development of star forms. The morphological differences we found appeared with such regularity in certain species that their occurrence was recorded in typical pictures.

Relationship Between Diaspore Characteristics and Distribution of Grasses Around Sheep Camps on the Northern Tablelands of New-South-Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
The Individual

Twenty-seven common grasses on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were classified according to their occurrence on or off sheep camps in unfertilised natural pastures. A number of seed and seed germination attributes were examined in relation to the distribution of the individual species. Camps had a greater proportion of introduced grasses, and of annual or short-lived perennials, than off-camp zones. The sheep camp grasses in general had heavier seeds, more rapid germination, and their seeds in general did not have a sharp callus, antrorse hairs on the callus, or awns. If awns were present on sheep camp species a lower proportion were hygroscopically active than for off-camp species. There were no differences in the presence or absence of accessory floral structures in the dispersal unit, hairs on the coleorrhiza or in the shapes of seeds between sheep camp and off-camp grasses. The differences in seed and seed germination characteristics found between sheep camp and off-camp species are explained in terms of the differences in environment (water stress and damage by sheep) encountered by grasses germinating and establishing on and off the sheep camps.

Accuracy of tree growth measurements using dendrometer bands

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2454-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Keeland ◽  
R.R. Sharitz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dendrometer Bands ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
The Individual

Dendrometer bands are commonly used to make repeated measurements of tree circumference despite their tendency to underestimate first-year growth. Underestimates of growth are generally attributed to slack remaining in the bands after installation. To test for first-year measurement errors, 60 trees were fitted with a second dendrometer band 2 years after installation of the first band. The new bands consistently showed significantly less growth than the old bands (old-band measurements were assumed to represent true growth). Regression equations were developed to relate new-band estimates to true growth. There were no significant differences in regression intercepts for the three tree species tested, but significant differences in regression slopes were detected. Comparisons between canopy and subcanopy trees and between angiosperm species (Nyssaaquatica L. and Nyssasylvatica var. biflora (Walter) Sargent) and a gymnosperm (Taxodiumdistichumn (L.) Rich.) explained 95.7% of the variance in regression slopes for the individual species. It appears that in addition to band slack, part of the first-year error in dendrometer band data may result from species differences that are related to bark and stem characteristics.

scholarly journals Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Davide Mugetti ◽  
Mattia Tomasoni ◽  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Giuseppe Esposito ◽  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
The Individual

The Mycobacterium fortuitum group (MFG) consists of about 15 species of fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These globally distributed microorganisms can cause diseases in humans and animals, especially fish. The increase in the number of species belonging to MFG and the diagnostic techniques panel do not allow to clarify their real clinical significance. In this study, biomolecular techniques were adopted for species determination of 130 isolates derived from fish initially identified through biochemical tests as NTM belonging to MFG. Specifically, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used based on a fragment of the gene encoding the 65 KDa heat shock protein (hsp65). The analyzes made it possible to confirm that all the isolates belong to MFG, allowing to identify the strains at species level. Phylogenetic analysis substantially confirmed what was obtained by gene sequencing, except for six strains; this is probably due to the sequences present in NCBI database. Although the methodology used cannot represent a univocal identification system, this study has allowed us to evaluate its effectiveness as regards the species of MFG. Future studies will be necessary to apply these methods with other gene fragments and to clarify the real pathogenic significance of the individual species of this group of microorganisms.

Yields and nitrogen uptake of grain sorghum in various rotations, including lucerne, annual legume and long fallow

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Soil Evidence

Long-term yields, nitrogen uptake and responsiveness of grain sorghum following three lucerne rotations, an annual legume rotation, long fallowing, and continuous wheat growing were measured on a black earth and red clay in northern New South Wales. The three lucerne rotations compared two methods of lucerne establishment (with or without a cover crop) and two methods of grazing management (short or extended grazing).There were large beneficial effects of lucerne leys on the first grain sorghum crop, whether they were measured as grain yield, nitrogen content of the foliage and grain, or nitrogen uptake. The effect was much smaller in the second year but it increased in the third and fourth years, in direct relation to the rainfall during the sorghum flowering period. The effect was larger on the black earth than on the red clay, reflecting the much higher lucerne yields on the former soil. Evidence indicated that the nitrogen contribution from lucerne after the first year was no greater than the nitrogen accumulated by long fallowing, and this was attributed to very low rainfall and lucerne yields during the four year ley period.The annual legume rotation suffered from drought and insect damage in most years, and following sorghum yields tended to be lower than those achieved by long fallowing.Differences in the effects of establishment method and grazing management on total lucerne yields were reflected in the differences in subsequent grain sorghum yields. Largest differences were on the black earth where extended grazing lowered the total yields of lucerne and subsequent grain sorghum. Sowing lucerne under wheat had little effect on total yields of lucerne or sorghum.

What Trainee Teachers and Teachers Should Know About Aboriginal Children.

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Teachers ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Aboriginal Students ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Consultative Group

The New South Wales Aboriginal Education Consultative Group feels that more emphasis needs to be placed on the training of teachers in regards to Aboriginal education.Many first year teachers are sent to country areas with a relatively high percentage of Aboriginal students. In the main, these teachers have had little or no contact with Aboriginal children or parents.

Effects of logging and fire on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest, near Bega, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
B. Cullis ◽  
P. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

This study of the effects of logging on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales included the effects of a fire in November 1980 and a drought throughout the study period from June 1980 to June 1983. Rattus fuscipes was sensitive to change: logging had a significant impact on its numbers, response to ground cover, and recapture rate; fire had a more severe effect, and drought retarded the post-fire recovery of the population. The three species of dasyurid marsupials differed markedly in their response to ground cover, canopy cover, logging and fire. Antechinus stuartii was distributed evenly through all habitats and was not affected by logging, but fire had an immediate and adverse effect which was sustained by the intense drought. A. swainsonii markedly preferred the regenerating forest, and was not seen again after the fire, the failure of the population being attributed to its dependence on dense ground cover. Sminthopsis leucopus was found in low numbers, appeared to prefer forest with sparse ground cover, and showed no immediate response to logging or fire; its disappearance by the third year post-fire suggests that regenerating forest is inimical to the survival of this species. Mus musculus showed no response to logging. In the first year following the fire its numbers were still very low, but in the next year there was a short-lived plague which coincided with the only respite in the 3-year drought and, importantly, occurred in the intensely burnt parts of the forest. The options for managing this forest for the conservation of small mammals include minimising fire, retaining unlogged forest, extending the time over which alternate coupes are logged and minimising disturbance from heavy machinery.

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

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