Colostrum production and hormone responses of parturient ewes fed varying amounts and types of supplement

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Holst ◽  
D. G. Hall ◽  
G. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Sheep Production

Low perinatal lamb loss and fast lamb growth rates are important measures for efficient sheep production. To understand the role of ewe nutrition in late pregnancy, 100 adult Border Leicester × Merino ewes were joined at a synchronised oestrus. Ewes were nutritionally managed to maintain maternal body condition until day 130 of pregnancy at which time 50 twin-bearing ewes entered single pens. Thirteen ewes were allocated as controls and 14, 11 and 12 ewes for the 3 treatments groups. All were fed a base diet of lucerne hay (17.3% crude protein; 9.4 MJ ME/kg DM). Three of the 4 treatment groups were supplemented with oaten grain, formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal or lupin grain at 1 of 3 nominal feeding levels: 250, 500 or 750 g/ewe.day of supplement. Actual intake was less than amounts offered. Intakes measured in the final 5 days prepartum, were used in the analysis. Data were collected on peripheral progesterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 at 4 days prepartum and 50 min postpartum; peripheral oestrone sulfate at 4 and 3 days prepartum and 50 min postpartum; and colostrum weight and score at 50 min postpartum. Feeding level of supplement, but not type of supplement, significantly increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and decreased progesterone and oestrone sulfate levels. Correlations of energy and nitrogen intake with insulin-like growth factor-1, progesterone and oestrone sulfate levels were positive (P<0.01), as were the correlations of colostrum weight with these traits. An unexpected high correlation between energy and nitrogen intake masked any differential effects on colostrum production and hormone response. Nevertheless, the supply of energy and protein supplements were associated with elevated colostrum weights and scores, and lower progesterone concentration. Lowering progesterone levels is considered necessary for successful parturition. Oaten grain was the least desirable grain supplement. These observations support the practical importance of providing adequate nutrition in late pregnancy and its effect on colostrum yield and presumably lamb survival and growth.

312 EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 SUPPLEMENTATION ON IN VITRO MATURATION OF CANINE OOCYTES

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
B. Sarentonglaga ◽  
K. Ogata ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
A. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Groups

Although in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has been successfully established for many species, the efficiency of IVM in canine oocytes is still very low. As growth factors have been shown to promote oocyte maturation in some species, we investigated whether use of transforming growth factor α (TGF-a) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) might overcome the difficulties of achieving meiotic maturation in cultured canine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). Ovaries were obtained from bitches at 6 months to 7 years of age by ovariohysterectomy and were sliced repeatedly to release COC. In the first experiment, the COC were cultured at 38.8°C for 48 h in 5% CO2 in air in medium 199 supplemented with either TGF-a (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng mL–1) or IGF-1 (0, 0.5, 5, 10, or 50 µg mL–1). In the second experiment, the synergistic effect of TGF-a and IGF-1 was investigated by culturing COC in medium 199 supplemented with both TGF-a (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng mL–1) and IGF-1 (0, 0.5, 5, 10, or 50 µg mL–1). At the end of the culture period, the oocytes were denuded of cumulus cells by pipetting with a fine bore glass pipette; the denuded oocytes were then fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with Hoechst 33342. The nuclear configuration and chromatin morphology of the oocytes were evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cells were assigned to 1 of the following meiotic stages: germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (MI), or metaphase II (MII). Data were analysed by ANOVA with Fisher's PLSD test. In experiment 1, no significant difference were observed in the rates of cells maturing to the MI and MII stages, but that in the 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a group (56.3%) were larger than in the other treatment groups (38.8–51.0%). The frequencies of MII stage cells in the 5, 10, and 50 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 treatment groups (9.8, 13.3, and 12.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than in the 0.5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group and the control group (5.3 and 2.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, the frequency of MI and MII cells in the control, 1 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 0.5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 10 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, and 100 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 50 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group were 44.1, 36.1, 63.5, 70.8, and 50.8%, respectively. The frequency of MII cells in the control group and the same treatment groups were 2.8, 7.2, 10.4, 15.3, and 10.8%, respectively. Both frequencies in the 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 10 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group were significantly higher than in the control group. The TGF-a may act in a paracrine fashion on the surrounding granulosa cells, and IGF-1 may play multiple roles in cellular metabolism, proliferation, growth, and differentiation in canine oocyte maturation, as has been reported for many other species. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a synergistic effect between TGF-a and IGF-1 produces an increased rate of in vitro maturation to the MI and MII stages in canine oocytes.

Late pregnancy increases hepatic expression of insulin-like growth factor-I in well nourished guinea pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Grant ◽  
K.L. Kind ◽  
C.T. Roberts ◽  
A. Sohlstrom ◽  
P.C. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins both decline in the rat during late pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Gargosky ◽  
P. E. Walton ◽  
P. C. Owens ◽  
J. C. Wallace ◽  
F. J. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igfbp 3

ABSTRACT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) were examined in rat serum during pregnancy and lactation. IGF-I concentrations determined after acid column chromatography of serum were low during the last third of pregnancy. IGF-II was undetectable in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) concentrations, measured as high molecular mass activity in the IGF-I RIA and the IGF-II RRA of acid column fractions, paralleled the changes observed with IGF-I. Western ligand blot analysis of serum from non-pregnant rats revealed a 40–50 kDa IGFBP aligning with IGFBP-3, a smaller 28–30 kDa doublet and 24 kDa IGFBP. Serum from rats in late pregnancy lacked IGFBP-3, whereas the smaller IGFBP persisted during late pregnancy. IGFBP-3 reappeared in postpartum animals. The fall in serum IGF-I is consistent with a maternal catabolic state during late pregnancy which may maximize substrate availability for the developing fetus. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 383–390

The effect of nutritional supplements in late pregnancy on ewe colostrum production plasma progesterone and IGF-1 concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DA Shutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples

Mechanisms by which nutritional supplementation might improve colostrum production and enhance lamb survival were examined in adult Border LeicesterxMerino ewes. Ewes were either unsupplemented or supplemented with 500 g/day of oat grain, lupin grain or a formaldehyde-protected sunflowerseed meal (SFM) from day 130 of gestation until parturition while grazing spring pastures containing about 1000 kg green DM/ha. Blood samples were obtained on day 140, day 145 and immediately after parturition. Colostrum production at parturition and for the next 6 h was determined. A new method to determine concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is presented. Colostrum production at parturition (P.< 0.01) and IGF-1 concentration on day 140 (P.< 0.01) and at parturition (P.< 0.001) were higher, and progesterone concentrations on days 140, 145 and at parturition were lower (P.< 0.001) for single than twin bearing ewes. The unsupplemented ewes and ewes fed oat grain, lupin grain or SFM had an average weight of colostrum at parturition of 292, 328, 452 and 392 g (P.< 0.01), milk secretion rate to 6 h after parturition of 58, 64, 85 and l00g DM/h (P.< 0.05), IGF-1 concentrations after parturition of 199, 223, 262 and 265 ng/mL (P.< 0.001) and progesterone concentrations on day 140 of 49, 43, 39 and 41 nmol/L (P.< 0.01) respectively. Twin compared to single bearing ewes had about half the amount of colostrum at parturition per kg of lamb birthweight. Progesterone concentrations on day 140 and at parturition (P.< 0.01) were negatively related to estimated pasture intake during pregnancy, which was 17% higher for single than twin bearing ewes (P.< 0.05). Supplementation with lupins and SFM may be expected in similar circumstances to enhance the survival of multiple born lambs, while oat grain would not.

scholarly journals Influence of diet and β-agonist administration on plasma concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in young steers

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dawson ◽  
J. Craigon ◽  
P. J. Buttery ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Plasma Gh

The effect of feeding grass silage or a forage–concentrate (dried grass–barley) diet ad lib. to young cattle on growth rate, plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations was examined. The effect of including the β-adrenergic agonist cimaterol in the forage–concentrate diet was also investigated. Significantly higher growth rates were observed in animals fed on the forage–concentrate diet than in those fed on the silage diet (P < 0·001), and these were further enhanced by dietary inclusion of cimaterol (P < 0·05). Plasma GH levels were higher in the silage-fed animals (P < 0·001) but IGF-1 levels were significantly lower (P < 0·001) than in the forage–concentrate-fed animals. Cimaterol had no effect on mean plasma GH and IGF-1 concentrations. Nevertheless, plasma IGF-1 levels correlated positively with growth rate across all three treatments (r 0·84, P < 0·001, n 17). Spectral analysis of the GH data obtained for each animal was used to determine whether regular periodicities could be detected in the 24 h profile and whether they differed between the three treatment groups. Regular periodicities of four-five cycles/d were detected in the averaged GH profiles of the silage-fed and the control forage–concentrate-fed animals. In contrast, in animals given cimaterol regular GH cycles were not detectable at any of the frequencies tested. This suggests that cimaterol disrupts the rhythm of GH secretion without altering the overall mean concentrations. The data also suggest that due to an inadequate nutrient supply, the GH–IGF-1 regulatory mechanism was uncoupled in the cattle fed on silage, which may have contributed to the poor growth response of these animals.

Administration of insulin-like growth factor-I, but not growth hormone, increases maternal weight gain in late pregnancy without affecting fetal or placental growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Gargosky ◽  
J. A. Owens ◽  
P. E. Walton ◽  
P. C. Owens ◽  
J. C. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I

ABSTRACT During late pregnancy in the rat, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and some IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) decline. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of GH to circulating IGF and IGFBP in the late-pregnant rat and to examine the effects on maternal, fetal and placental growth of preventing the decline in serum IGF and IGFBP concentrations. During the first 9 days of pregnancy, IGF-I concentrations increased from 340 to 500 μg/l. Recombinant human (rh) GH at 2·4 mg/kg per day and rhIGF-I at 1·4 mg/kg per day were infused into pregnant rats via osmotic mini pumps during the second half of pregnancy. After pump implantation on day 11 of pregnancy, only IGF-I infusion significantly increased circulating IGF-I. A maximum IGF-I concentration of 907 μg/l was measured on day 14 during treatment with IGF-I, after which the serum concentration decreased to 510 μg/l by day 20 of pregnancy. The serum IGFBPs were examined using a Western ligand blot technique. Infusion of neither GH nor IGF-I returned the IGFBPs to non-pregnant levels. Administration of IGF-I slightly increased IGFBP-3 and a smaller 32 kDa IGFBP at days 17 and 20 of pregnancy. Neither fetal nor placental weight was significantly different between treatment groups. However, administration of IGF-I significantly increased maternal weight gain during the 10-day treatment period. Thus, pregnant rats infused with IGF-I gained 99±4 g (mean ± s.e.m., n = 10) compared with rats treated with GH or vehicle which gained 72±4 g (n = 9) and 77±4 g (n = 10) respectively. The increase in maternal weight after administration of IGF-I was not due to increased litter size, fetal or placental weight. The increased maternal weight gain after IGF administration, without affecting fetal and placental weights, suggests a modification in the mode of maternal nutrient repartitioning during late pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 395–400

scholarly journals Age and Secretagogue Type Jointly Determine Dynamic Growth Hormone Responses to Exogenous Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Negative Feedback in Healthy Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 5542-5548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes D. Veldhuis ◽  
Judith Y. Weltman ◽  
Arthur L. Weltman ◽  
Ali Iranmanesh ◽  
Eugenio E. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Dynamic Growth
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document