Nitrogen fertilizer responses of pasture grasses in south-eastern Queensland

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The results are reported of field experiments with nitrogen-fertilized pasture grasses at Samford and D'Aguilar in south-eastern Queensland. The main findings were :- 1. Nitrogen applied as urea or ammonium sulphate increased the annual yield of dry matter under mowing from 1,000- 5,000 lb up to 10,000-20,000 lb an acre, and rates of fertilizer in excess of 400 lb of elemental nitrogen an acre a year were required ,for maximum grass yields during favourable seasons. 2. Ammonium sulphate, applied at rates up to 400 lb N/acre/year, had relatively little effect on the percentage of nitrogen in Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.), Paspalum dilatatum Poir., and P. commersonii Lam., cut three times a year. Rates of urea above those required for maximum growth markedly increased the percentage nitrogen content of a Sorghum almum Parodi-blue couch (Digitaria didactyla Willd.) mixture. 3. In an experiment with Rhodes grass, P. dilatatum and P. commersonii, nitrogen recovery rose with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate. At 70 lb N/acre/year the average nitrogen recovery by Rhodes grass was 10 per cent; at 400 lb N/acre/year it was 47 per cent. 4. The residual effects of ammonium sulphate, measured on Rhodes grass during the growing season following two years of fertilization, were very small indeed. 5. Use of nitrogen fertilizers sometimes caused marked changes in the botanical composition of the sward.

scholarly journals Field experiments on concentrated organic nitrogen fertilizers

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Warren ◽  
E. H. Cooke ◽  
G. W. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Leather Wastes

Hoof, formalized hoof, formalized casein, leather wastes and dried blood were compared with ammonium sulphate for vegetables in several field experiments which were continued for a number of years. Residual effects were measured in one experiment at Rothamsted.For crops which had a high requirement for nitrogen, hoof and formalized casein tended to give somewhat lower yields than equivalent ammonium sulphate. Organic nitrogen fertilizers tended to be slightly superior to ammonium sulphate for less responsive crops, and also in experiments where the high rate of ammonium gave lower yields than the medium rate.Crushed hoof and a formalized casein product gave similar yields of most crops. There were no marked gains from treating hoof with formalin; a coarse (5·7 mm.) sample of formalized casein did not give materially different yields from the ordinary fine (2 mm.) product.One leather product made by simple roasting was inferior to ammonium sulphate and to hoof. Other leather wastes processed by alkalis did not behave very differently from crushed hoof or from ammonium sulphate. Dried blood was tested in a few experiments, there were no significant differences between yields given by blood and by ammonium sulphate.In experiments on a light soil, spring cabbages planted in autumn were very sensitive to the time of applying nitrogen fertilizer; there were much larger gains in yield from ammonium sulphate applied half at planting and half in spring, than from either ammonium sulphate or organic nitrogen fertilizers applied wholly at planting.

Tropical grass/legume pastures in Northern Rhodesia

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Leaf N

Three grass/legume pastures were evaluated under Northern Rhodesian conditions.A plot trial measured the herbage yields of Stylosanthes gracilis, velvet beans (Stizolobium deeringianum) and giant Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) grown as pure stands, and in a mixed association with Rhodes grass. The herbage was harvested for 3 years, and the plots were then planted with a maize crop to test any residual effects.After the establishment year, the D.M. yields, and especially the C.P. yields of the legume and grass/legume treatments, were markedly superior to grass alone. The increased yield of the grass/legume mixtures was due to the net gain contributed by legume herbage. There was no evidence of an underground transference of N from the legume to the associated grass.Although there was no measurable treatment effect on soil N and C, the maize following the legume and grass/legume treatments had a higher leaf N level, and approximately double the yield, compared with the maize following the grass-alone treatments.There were no significant differences in cattle weight gains when Rhodes grass alone, Rhodes grass/Stylosanthes, Rhodes grass/velvet beans, and Rhodes grass/pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) were utilized as hay and foggage in the dry season.Digestibility trials showed mature Rhodes grass hay to be a submaintenance feed, deficient in dietary protein. The addition of Stylosanthes raised the herbage digestible C.P. fourfold. The Rhodes grass/Stylosanthes hay was a maintenance feed.The N yield of the grass/legume mixtures, although low by temperate standards, was 2½ times the N yield of grass alone. The potential value of a tropical grass/legume pasture will depend on the efficiency of the legume to fix N.

The effect of sodium on potassium nutrition and ionic relations in Rhodes grass

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The effects of sodium on the response of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) to potassium have been studied in pot trials. The amount of potassium required to achieve maximum growth was progressively reduced as the level of sodium application was increased from 0 to 400 mg per pot. The concentration of potassium in the tops of plants growing at 95% of maximum yield was also progressively reduced from 2.7% in plants not fertilized with sodium to 0.5% in plants receiving 400 mg sodium per pot. It is concluded that such interactions between the levels of major elements preclude the use of a 'critical potassium level' for diagnosing potassium deficiency in Rhodes grass. An alternative diagnostic scheme which takes account of interactions between some of the major elements is suggested. This scheme requires that plants would be adequately supplied with potassium if two criteria were met simultaneously: the potassium concentration was above the minimum specifically required (0.5% of the dry matter for Rhodes grass) and the cation-anion balance was above a minimum level characteristic for that particular species (800 m-equiv./kg dry weight for Rhodes grass).

Field evaluation of seven grasses for use in the revegetation of lands disturbed by coal mining in Central Queensland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Harwood ◽  
J. B. Hacker ◽  
J. J. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Cover Up

Pasture-based systems, dominated by the tussock forming Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass) and the stoloniferous Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer (rhodes grass), are commonly used in the revegetation of lands disturbed by coal mining in the Bowen Basin of Central Queensland. Although able to establish quickly under favourable conditions, neither species has proven entirely suitable for use in this situation, particularly in providing effective ground cover for erosion control on the re-contoured post-mining landscape. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of new pasture grasses, with the objective of identifying accessions better adapted to the edaphic and climatic conditions of the areas requiring revegetation. Seven grasses were evaluated, on both bare spoil and replaced topsoil, at the Saraji mine, about 25 km north of Dysart. Differences in establishment between grasses were limited, although establishment was up to 5 times greater in the replaced topsoil plots. Urochloa mosambicensis CPI 60128 exhibited better seedling survival (up to 8 times greater) and produced a more extensive ground cover (up to 3 times greater) than the stoloniferous control Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer under conditions of below average rainfall (rainfall was below average in 70% of the months). This work resulted in the commercial release of U. mosambicensis CPI 60128 as cv. Saraji.

Field experiments comparing ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled with spring barley

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Yields

1. Twenty-one experiments were carried out in various parts of England and Scotland in 1959–61 comparing two or more of the nitrogen sources ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea, combine-drilled in compound fertilizers for spring barley.2. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate combine-drilled at rates from 35 to 105 lb./acre of nitrogen checked early growth slightly in some of the experiments, with no important difference between the two sources, which also gave similar grain yields.3. Calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled at 45 lb./acre of nitrogen had no large effect on early growth, while at 70 and 90 lb./acre both fertilizers seriously delayed brairding and reduced the plant population in many of the experiments, especially in eastern England. They gave lower yields than ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate in many of the experiments in which early growth was affected, and gave lower mean yields at all rates of application.4. In eleven of the experiments, broadcast applications of two or more of the four nitrogen fertilizers were compared. All sources gave similar mean yields.5. There was a slightly smaller yield from combine drilling than from broadcasting ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and a markedly smaller yield from calcium nitrate and urea.

Responses of cotton to ammonium sulphate and superphosphate, and relationships between yield and some soil constituents in Tanzania

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Le Mare
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYIn 92 field experiments in Tanzania's major cotton-growing area south and east of Lake Victoria mean yield without fertilizer was nearly 900 kg/ha of seed cotton. The mean direct effect of 224 kg/ha of single superphosphate with 202 kg/ha of ammonium sulphate was 380 kg/ha of seed cotton; with twice as much fertilizer the increment was 525 kg. First and second residual responses made important contributions to the total effect of superphosphate. In most zones the response to each fertilizer was large but in Nassa response to superphosphate was small; in Nzega yields were small and there was no response to ammonium sulphate, perhaps because Calidea dregei caused abscission of bolls; on the acid soils of Ukerewe Island yields and responses to superphosphate were small.Data are given to show the average amounts of plant nutrients in the soils most used for cotton. Correlations of yields with soil chemical data suggest that some soils lack enough calcium for large yields. A long-term experiment at the Ukiriguru research farm (Le Mare, 1972) showed that productivity of impoverished soil growing cotton every year was recovered and improved by lime with phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers: the experiments throughout the cotton area indicated that those results were widely relevant.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Sources and Bio-fertilizer on Soil Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Cowpea under Saline Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marwa, A. Ahmed ◽  
Fatma H. A. El-Agyzy ◽  
Khaled, A. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Available N ◽  
Zn Content

Two field experiments were conducted at El-Rod village at Sahl El-Houssinia, El-Sharkia governorate, (32°15' 00" N 30°50' 00" E), Egypt. The study investigated evaluations of different nitrogen fertilizers sources (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea fertilizers) and rates (0, 47.6, 71.4 and 107 kg N/ha) alone or combined with bio-fertilizer (using bio-fertilization with Rhiobium radiobacter sp strain on improve nutrients available and contents in cowpea productivity and quality in newly reclaimed saline soil conditions during two summer seasons 2017 and 2018.  The studies treatments were disturbed among the experimental pelts in split design with six replicates. The obtained results cleared that the used ammonium sulphate fertilizer was increase effect with increasing rate in EC, pH, and available N, P, K , Fe, Mn and Zn content in soil. Moreover data recorded the applied 71.4 kg N /ha was increase of plant height, weight of 100 seeds, weight of pods (g/plant) , weight of seeds (g)/plant and seeds yield (ton ha-1) have been affected by inoculation with bio-fertilizer combined with nitrogen sources fertilizers  and different rates than other treatments. The highest values of N, P , K, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations and uptake in seeds treated with ammonium sulphate at rate 71.4 kg N/ha than other treatments. The decrease of the soil salinity to increased content of cowpea plant of chlorophyll and protein, but increased salinity of the soil led to increase the content of the plant of proline. The application of ammonium sulphat at 30 kg N/fed combined with bio-fertilizer was improve soil properties and cowpea productivity and quality under saline soils conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers with and without Organic and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield Components of Fennel Plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Youssef ◽  
Mohamed E. Ali ◽  
Esmat H. A. Noufal ◽  
Safwat A. Ismail ◽  
Maha M. E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Two field experiments were conducted in a newly reclaimed land at a private farm in Village No 8,  El-Minia Governorate, Egypt during two successive seasons (2017/2018) to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen fertilizer sources with organic and bio-fertilization on growth and yield components of the fennel plant. The experiment was arranged in a split- split-plot design. The organic treatments (0.0 and 5.0 t compost t/fed.) were arranged in main plots, nitrogen treatments (0.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 80.0 kg N/fed.) as urea or ammonium sulphate were allocated in subplots and bio-fertilizer treatments (without and with) were applied in sub-sub plots. The main effects of compost, nitrogen fertilization and bio-fertilizer showed that the maximum values of plant height, dry weight/plant, number of branches/plant, number of mumble/plant, number of umbellule's/umble and 1000-fruits  weight were attained under 5 t/fed compost,  80 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate with bio-fertilizer. The results of the interaction among treatments indicated that combined 5.0 t compost /fed with 50 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate and using bio-fertilizer exhibited the highest values of growth and yield components of fennel. Meanwhile, we can save about 30 kg N/fed by treated fennel plants with organic and bio-fertilizers without any reduction in vegetative growth.

The effects of close grazing and cutting on the yield, persistence, and nitrogen content of four tropical legumes with Rhodes grass at Samford, south-eastern Queensland

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Grazing Sheep

Four legumes, Lotononis bainesii, Ghcine javanica cv. Cooper, Phaseolus atropurptreus cv. Siratro, and Desmodium uncinatm cv. Silverleaf were grown with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). Under the frequent regular defoliation by grazing sheep, or by cutting at two inches, yield of all legume species steadily declined, and there was no difference between the effects of grazing and those of cutting. G. iavanica was more persistent under grazing and also in the undefoliated plots than the other species. White clover volunteered in the defoliated treatments and its dry matter yields were sometimes higher than the sown legume yields. Clover yield in the grazed plots was about twice that in the cut treatments and this was reflected by a higher nitrogen content, and subsequently a higher yield, in the grass component of the grazed plots. No positive differences could be detected between the effects of the four legumes on grass nitrogen or yield. On the undefoliated plots the legumes became dominant and suppressed the grass, except for L. bainesii, which almost disappeared in all plots.

A comparison of slow-release and conventional nitrogenous fertilizers for an established pangola grass pasture in a sub-tropical environment

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
JF Cudmore
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Grass Growth

Three slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, urea formaldehyde, nitrogen-enriched coal (NEC) and corea (a coal-urea formulation) were compared with conventional nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate) in a small-plot cutting experiment. The slow-release fertilizers were applied in one 672 kg N ha-1 dressing to an established Digitaria decumbens (pangola grass) pasture on wallum heath in south-east Queensland. Conventional fertilizers were applied in one, two or four applications in one, two or three years respectively, all treatments receiving a total of 672 kg N ha-1. Dry matter production, nitrogen yield and nitrogen recovery were compared over four summer periods. Over four years, pangola grass produced highest dry matter yields when fertilized with urea formaldehyde, the residual effect disappearing in the fourth summer. Annual yield distribution was equivalent to that from regular applications of conventional fertilizers. NEC released little nitrogen for grass growth in four years while corea had little effect on yield after the first summer. Nitrogen recovery from urea formaldehyde was equivalent to that from ammonium nitrate and urea (applied in four dressings of 168 kg N ha-1). Where 672 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied in one dressing, nitrogen recovery was in the order urea formaldehyde >> ammonium nitrate > urea >> ammonium sulphate.

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