The selective chemical control of Wimmera ryegrass in wheat with di-allate and tri-allate

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
CL Tuohey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Selective Chemical

Two herbicides, di-allate and tri-allate, were compared for the pre-emergence control of Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat at three different locations in the Victorian wheatgrowing areas. Both herbicides significantly reduced ryegrass populations in the crop, but di-allate was consistently more effective than tri-allate. Grain yields were generally enhanced by spraying, but 1.12 kg a.i. per hectare of either material sometimes caused crop damage when applied before sowing. On an economic basis, di-allate at 0.56 kg a.i. per hectare was superior to all other treatments whether applied just before or just after sowing.

Selective chemical control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in oilseed rape, field peas and lupins

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
JM Lumb
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Selective Chemical

The effectiveness of herbicides for selective control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus), field peas (Pisum arvense) and narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) was investigated in nine experiments in north-eastern and southern Victoria. Of the herbicides tested, di-allate, trifluralin and simazine significantly reduced ryegrass populations in all experiments where they were used. Pre-planting incorporated treatments were generally more effective than post-sowing or post-emergence treatments in oilseed rape and field peas. Control of ryegrass generally resulted in higher grain yields in all three crops, although lupins showed the greatest response. Dalapon, applied to oilseed rape after emergence, caused flower distortion and reduced yields in some experiments.

Selective chemical control of capeweed in wheat and oats

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
JM Lumb
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Selective Chemical

In eight experiments conducted in north-eastern Victoria from 1965-1970, a range of herbicides were tested for selective post-emergence control of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) in wheat and oats. Linuron, diquat, and bromoxynil were the best treatments tested and generally reduced capeweed density when applied in the early growth stages, causing little or no crop damage. Significant grain yield increases from spraying were obtained in each experiment with wheat, but in oats only one significant increase was obtained. Post-tillering treatments with 2,4-D and picloram plus 2,4-D did not increase grain yield.

Pasture management and cultural methods for the control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
IS Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Second Year

The effects of four pasture management treatments-haycutting, heavy grazing, burning and a control-and two cultural treatments,-mouldboard or disc ploughing-on the densities of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under subsequent wheat crops, was measured in 16 experiments conducted from 1961 to 1968. Pasture management treatments before cropping significantly reduced subsequent ryegrass populations in first, second, third and fourth year crops, compared with the untreated control and increased grain yields in the first and second year crops. Subsequent ryegrass populations were reduced more by mouldboard ploughing than by disc ploughing and this was reflected in higher yield for all crops. The results indicate that these management and cultural methods may obviate the need for chemical control in first and second year crops.

Effects of Weed Control and Irrigation on the Growth of Young Pecans

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
William D. Goff
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selective Chemical

The effect of irrigation and weed control by various mechanical and chemical means was evaluated over a 4-yr period on newly planted pecans [Carya illinoensis(Wang.) K. Koch]. Weed control effect on tree growth became evident in the second growing season, and became more pronounced after the third and fourth season. After the fourth season, the maximum increase in tree diameter (384%) was achieved with comprehensive, herbicide-based weed control. Mowing provided a 224% increase, which was equivalent to the untreated (229%). Disking and selective chemical control of grass weeds resulted in 339 and 292% increase, respectively. Cumulative increase in tree diameter was 316 and 271% with and without irrigation, respectively.

The effect of vernalization on the heading of Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and on five cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Cold Requirement

The responses of annual and perennial ryegrass to 0, 6, and 12 weeks artificial seed vernalization were determined by recording the percentages of plants heading and the leaf numbers at heading for populations of 40 plants grown in a glasshouse under continuous light. All plants of the annual L. rigidum headed without vernalization but the vernalized plants headed at a much lower leaf number than did the unvernalized controls. At least six weeks of cold treatment were needed for complete induction of the five cultivars of L. perenne examined. The vernalization responses of cultivars of Mediterranean origin were similar to those of the Australian Colac. It was shown that late heading in L. perenne is not always associated with a large cold requirement and it is suggested that photoperiod may be an important factor controlling heading of ryegrass in southern Australia.

scholarly journals Net transfer of nutrients to the duodenum and disappearance ofn-alkanes in the reticulo-rumen and the hindgut of sheep fed grass/legume combinations

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhafid Keli ◽  
Genaro Olmos ◽  
Antonio de Vega ◽  
José A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Ryegrass Hay ◽  
Microbial N ◽  
Net Transfer

An experiment was carried out to examine the effect of increasing the proportion of Wimmera ryegrass hay in a lucerne hay-based diet on net transfer of nutrients to the intestine, and on the disappearance ofn-alkanes in the reticulo-rumen and the hindgut of sheep. Following a latin square design, four adult ewes were fed 1:0, 0·33:0·67, 0·67:0·33 and 0:1 proportions of legume and grass. Increasing the proportion of ryegrass in the diet linearly decreased the intake of DM (P= 0·017), organic matter (P= 0·021) and N (P= 0·001). However, neutral-detergent fibre intake was not affected (P= 0·148), nor was its digestibility coefficient (P>0·10). Diet had no effect on duodenal flows of nutrients (P>0·10), although the proportion of N intake (NI) recovered at the duodenum as non-NH3N (NAN) increased linearly withLolium rigidumin the diet (P= 0·002). Full recovery of NI as NAN was achieved at NH3concentrations in the rumen below 110 g/l. Microbial N contribution to NAN varied in a quadratic manner (P< 0·05) with the proportion of grass in the diet, although efficiency of microbial synthesis was not affected (P>0·10). Duodenal recovery of consumedn-alkanes was not affected by diet and was complete for those present in higher concentrations in the forages. Isolated rumen bacteria contained significant amounts ofn-alkanes, contributing to the duodenal flow of these hydrocarbons in variable proportions depending on the diet consumed.

Irrigated pasture productivity and its variability in the Shepparton region of northern Victoria

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

The seasonal distribution and variability of growth of three types of irrigated pastures were measured at Kyabram over a period of up to seven years. The pasture types studied were (1) paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum)-dominant perennial pasture, (2) ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/clover (Trifolium repens) perennial pasture, and (3) annual pasture based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). The influence of environmental factors on the year-to-year variability in monthly growth rates was also examined. Annual growth curves were constructed for each pasture type, and examination of the variability about each monthly mean indicated that the spring months, and October in particular, were the most variable months for pasture growth. Environmental factors were found to account for part of the year-to-year variation in pasture growth of paspalum pastures in August, September, October, November and April. Higher mean maximum temperatures significantly increased growth in September, October and April, with the greatest response occurring in October; hours of sunshine was the significant factor influencing growth in August and November. Annual pasture growth also responded to changes in mean maximum temperature or hours of sunshine in September and October. The comparative mean annual production of paspalum pasture, ryegrass/clover pasture and annual pasture was 18.3, 18.3 and 11.0 t DM/ha, respectively. These levels of production represented 1.1, 1.2 and 1.6% conversion of photosynthetically active radiation during the growing period of the three pasture types, respectively. These levels of productivity and the animal production that should result, suggest that the pasture productivity on many irrigated dairy farms is either very low or the pasture that is grown is inefficiently utilized. Because animal productivity depends on pasture productivity more than any other single factor, farmers should make improvement of pasture growth their major aim while having regard for the variability in growth that can result from variations in environmental factors.

Selective chemical control of doublegee (Emex australis) in legume pasture

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Gilbey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Emex Australis ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Selective Chemical ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clover Seed

Seven chemicals were evaluated for selective control of doublegee (Emex australis) in legume pasture in 14 field trials conducted at several sites in Western Australia over three years. The effect of removing doublegee on pasture growth was studied in four field trials over the same period. Three hundred and fifty to 700 g a.i. methabenzthiazuron ha-1 gave good selective control of this weed except at Chapman and Wongan Hills in 1974 where the beginning of the growing season was poorly defined. The selectivity of bromoxynil and WL 6361 1 in one year of trials was similar to methabenzthiazuron but that of asulam and metoxuron was too restricted for practical use when doublegees were sprayed at the 2-4 leaf growth stage, 2,4-DB showed selectivity on doublegees with 12 leaves, and no herbicides were satisfactory on doublegees with more than 12 leaves at the time of spraying. Pasture growth and clover seed production was not substantially increased by controlling doublegee.

Effect of spelling newly sown pastures

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCG Smith ◽  
EF Biddiscombe ◽  
WR Stern
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass

Newly sown pure swards of Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were either grazed or spelled (deferred) for five weeks after emergence in autumn and then evaluated with young Merino wethers stocked at 10 sheep ha-1. Sheep on deferred pastures had higher intakes and liveweight than on plots continuously grazed. Spelling increased the availability of pasture for prehension due to a greater weight of herbage being offered and the more erect growth form. Under continuous grazing the animal productivity on clover was much lower than on ryegrass but following deferment, both species had similar productivity. The beneficial effects of spelling after emergence were manifest over the ensuing ten months by liveweight, fleeceweight and number of days of grazing. Spelling also increased seed reserves at the end of summer and the number of plants re-establishing at the beginning of the next growing season.

The growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in annual pasture. 4. The effect of some management practices on barley grass content

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass

The effects of three grazing treatments and three mowing treatments on the dominance of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in an annual pasture were examined. Different spring grazing patterns did not markedly alter the amount of seed. Mowing favoured the legume component; topping less so than cutting lower as for hay or silage. However, none of these practices totally prevented barley grass from setting seed, and their effects were partly offset by late irrigation. Oversowing with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) did reduce barley grass seed setting but alone u-as not effective in changing botanical composition. Compared with Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), barley grass showed greater persistence.

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