The influence of grazing management on regrowth of lucerne in late autumn and winter

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
GJ Tomes ◽  
GW King ◽  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Grazed, irrigated lucerne on alluvial soil was subjected to different spelling times in autumn, to determine the effects of these treatments on subsequent production in late autumn and in winter. Dry matter yields, shoot numbers per plant, shoot length, and average dry weight of shoots, were all substantially increased in the autumn-winter period by allowing longer regrowth periods before defoliation in autumn. Treatment effects still present, but of reduced magnitude, in the second grazing cycle after the different recovery periods were imposed.

scholarly journals 'Necton' suIla - A preliminary agronomic evaluation

1990 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Hari Krishna ◽  
Peter D. Kemp ◽  
The Late Sally D. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
One Year

'Necton' sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a perennial forage legume with potential to provide high quality, non-bloating feed. This trial examined the effect of grazing intensity and frequency on sulla over one year. Annual dry matter yields ranged from 7.4 to 18.0 t/ha. There was no difference in the yield of hard and lax-grazed plots but grazing in late autumn significantly decreased plant density and yield. Keywords 'Necton', sulla, legume, grazing management

The effects of management and duration of grazing by sheep during the autumn and winter on subsequent grass production

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
Caroline Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Late Growth

Sheep are commonly used to graze dairy pastures in the late autumn and early winter, to make use of grass that cows have rejected and to utilize any late growth with a minimum of poaching damage. From late December onwards sheep are less welcome to farmers because of the possible harmful effect on the regrowth of grass in the spring. But if the alternative to grazing from January to March is to bring the sheep indoors and feed them hay or silage, then this cost may be greater than that of the grass lost in the spring. Wilman & Griffiths (1978) concluded that the reduction of yield in spring was directly related to date of last grazing but emphasized that they had made no measurement of herbage remaining at this time. Furthermore, their measurements of subsequent yield were in dry matter to a cutting height of 4 cm with no estimate of the amount of ash or green and dead material.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

scholarly journals Positive feedback of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on soil respiration in late autumn and winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 8749-8787 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Keidel ◽  
C. Kammann ◽  
L. Grünhage ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract. Soil respiration of terrestrial ecosystems, a major component in the global carbon cycle is affected by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, seasonal differences of feedback effects of elevated CO2 have rarely been studied. At the Giessen Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (GiFACE) site, the effects of +20% above ambient CO2 concentration (corresponds to conditions reached 2035–2045) have been investigated since 1998 in a temperate grassland ecosystem. We defined five distinct annual periods, with respect to management practices and phenological cycles. For a period of three years (2008–2010), weekly measurements of soil respiration were carried out with a survey chamber on vegetation-free subplots. The results revealed a pronounced and repeated increase of soil respiration during late autumn and winter dormancy. Increased CO2 losses during the autumn period (September–October) were 15.7% higher and during the winter period (November–March) were 17.4% higher compared to respiration from control plots. However, during spring time and summer, which are characterized by strong above- and below-ground plant growth, no significant change in soil respiration was observed at the FACE site under elevated CO2. This suggests (i) that soil respiration measurements, carried out only during the vegetative growth period under elevated CO2 may underestimate the true soil-respiratory CO2 loss (i.e. overestimate the C sequestered) and (ii) that additional C assimilated by plants during the growing period and transferred below-ground will quickly be lost via enhanced heterotrophic respiration outside the main vegetation period.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF GRASSLANDS KOPU WHITE CLOVER ON TWO DAIRY FARMS

1988 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
S.C. Moloney ◽  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
J.A. Lancashire
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Grazed Swards

The performance of Kopu white clover was compared with that ot Huia and Pitau under intensive dairy grazing management at Taupo and the Manawatu. Sampling included both dry matter production and detailed white clover stolon and leaf measurements. These trials have shown that there are significant advantages to be gained from the use of Kopu over both Huia and Pitau. in rotationally grazed cattle swards, particularly during autumn and winter. At the Taupe site where Kopu was sown with high endophyte perennial ryegrass, seasonal white clover yields from Kopu were 120% greater than from Huia in autumn and 160% in winter. At the Manawatu site with Matua prairie grass as the grass component, the advantage of Kopu over Pitau was 105% in autumn, increasing lo 150% by winter. These results are discussed in relation to the significance of Kopu to dairy farming in the central and southern North Wand region. Keywords: rotationally grazed swards. cool season activity, erect habit, dairy pasture, intensive dairying

scholarly journals SEASONAL AND SHEEP GRAZING MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON BRANCHING STRUCTURE AND DRY WEIGHT OF WHITE CLOVER PLANTS IN MIXED SWARDS

1988 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
M.J.M. Hay ◽  
J.L. Brock ◽  
V.J. Thomas ◽  
M.V. Knighton
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Management Effects

Swards that had been either set stocked (SS) or rotationally grazed (RG) for five years were sampled monthly over two years by removing turves. The uncut white clover plants were then washed out, classified by branching structure (lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th order) and then dissected into stolon and leaf before drying and weighing Under both managements stolon dry weight per plant and branching structure of the population each indicated a strong seasonal shift from larger plant size during summer, autumn and winter (February, 109 mg stolon DW/plant, 7% of population 1st branching order) to a preponderance of smaller plants in spring (October, 41 mg stolon DW/plant, 30% of population 1st branching order). Grazing management affected stolon DW per plant (means. RG 106 mg. SS 53 mg) but had little effect on branching structure. However, in spring, under RG management proportions of 1st branching order plants in the population were higher for a longer period than under SS management. The simpler structure of plants in spring is thought to increase the vulnerability of the white clover population to adverse conditions at this time. While RG management allowed white clover to better utilize favourable growth conditions, it also increased the susceptibility of the population to large declines during stress periods; SS management reduced the potential for growth, but enhanced stability during stress periods. Hence where environmental conditions are unpredictable SS rather than RG management will favour retention of white clover in the sward. The seasonal and grazing management effects reported are likely to occur across a wide range of environments. Keywords: Trifolium repens, individual plants, plant size, seasonal variation, branching.

scholarly journals Effects of the utilization term and additional sowing of Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium on the production of winter pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Jiří Skládanka
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
June July ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Herb Species

The work was carried out to study the influence of additional sowing and differentiated systems of use in the summer period on the production of grass sward in the autumn and winter period. An additional sowing of Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium was made into the grass stand with dominating Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Agropyron repens, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Agrostis stolonifera and Phleum pratense. In summer (preparatory cut), the grass stand was utilized in June, July and August. In the autumn (main use), it was utilized in November, December and January. The additional sowing, the preparatory cut and the main use were monitored for their influence on the yield of dry matter. Another assessment was made of the share of Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium in the harvested herbage. In June 2001, the share of additionally sown herb species in the harvested herbage did not exceed 2%. However, their proportion increased to more than 20% in four years of the study. In the summer period, the additional sowing did not show any significant effect on dry matter yields. The additionally sown herb species exhibited a pronounced dominance in November. The shares of Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium in the harvested herbage were 80.1% and 71.3%, respectively. Yields from the additionally sown grass stands were higher from the third year of the study (by 1.07–1.26 t.ha–1) than those from the grass stand with no additional sowing (0.66–0.97 t.ha–1) the variance being insignificant. In the autumn and in winter, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was seen in yields from the grass stand utilized until the beginning of August and the yields further decreased with the proceeding winter.

Promotion of Germination in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) Using Pre-Emergence Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
◽  
C. Chinnusamy ◽  
K. Annadurai ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Spray ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Secondary Roots

Studies were carried out to evaluate of different herbicides on germination, seedling vigour of teak seedlings and weed control efficiency in teak nursery. Three days after sowing, pre emergence herbicides viz. atrazine (50% WP) fluchloralin (45% EC) and Pendimethalin (30% EC) were applied in the teak nursery bed (10m2 ) as liquid spray at different concentrations. Thirty days after application of herbicides, observations were made on weed density and sixty days after application of herbicides, weed dry weight and number of teak seedlings produced in each treatment were reported. Five months after application of herbicides, the observations were made on root length (cm) ,shoot length (cm), number of leaves and number of secondary roots per seedling and dry matter production (g seedling-5) of teak seedlings. The results revealed that application of pre-emergence herbicides effectively controlled broad leaved weeds than grasses and sedges, and enhanced the germination and seedling growth of teak seedlings. Among the herbicides tried, the compatibility of atrazine was found to be better followed by fluchoralin. It is recommended that application of atrazine at 0.20% - 0.25% or fluchloralin at 0.15% could be adopted to enhance the germination and seedling vigour of teak seedlings and to control broad leaved weeds, in teak nursery.

Pattern of Tea Shoot Growth

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Smith ◽  
F. J. Harvey ◽  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tea Shoot

SUMMARYTea shoot development was measured by sequentially sampling shoots from seven clones growing at Nsuwadzi Research Station, Mulanje, Malawi. A Gompertz growth curve best described the increase in shoot length with time, an exponential curve described the relation between dry weight and shoot length, and a quadratic curve related dry weight to fresh weight. The parameters of these curves differed among clones and provide a basis for exploring genetic influences on tea yield. The most rapid elongation of shoots of all clones occurred about 42 days after plucking, considered the optimum age for harvest at Mulanje. Clones selected at Mulanje produced longer shoots with greater dry weight but slightly lower dry matter content per unit stem length than clones selected at Kericho, Kenya. The dry:fresh weight ratio of 0.22 used at Mulanje to calculate dry matter yields was too high for most clones.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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