The use of leaf development rate to determine time to irrigate pangola grass

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Blunt ◽  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
N Rates

The leaf development rate (LDR) of pangola grass (the number of new leaves produced on a shoot per unit of time) growing in swards on Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley was found to decline linearly with cumulative net pan evaporation (+Ep) and ceased at a +Ep of 201 mm. The LDR of vegetative shoots, which have hairy nodes, was 3-5 times greater than that of reproductive shoots, which have glabrous nodes. Nitrogen increased the LDR of only the reproductive shoots. Vegetative shoots were preferred for measuring the response of pangola grass to moisture stress because of their insensitivity to nitrogen fertilizer level and faster LDR. Moisture availability (M) was calculated for each day as follows: M = 201 -+Ep for +Ep < 201, or otherwise M = 0. In an irrigation trial covering two 3-month periods there was a linear relation between M and dry matter yield within each period, and at each of four N rates. It is suggested that LDR measurements could be used to determine irrigation frequency of pangola grass for any site where pan evaporation is also measured. On Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley the most frequent irrigation schedule (every 2 weeks) gave the highest dry matter yields.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
I.R. Muhammad ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A.K. Mohammed ◽  
R.J Tanko ◽  
M.S. Kallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval. 

Yield parameters of Beta beets as a basis to estimate the biogas yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

High biogas yields are expected from sugar beet because of its high root yield. But it has not been analysed yet, which varieties are best suited to reach the highest biogas yield. The study thus aimed at identifying a parameter to estimate the biogas yield of sugar beet. To get a broad variation of yields and beet qualities, field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 2 sites (Göttingen and Regensburg, Germany) with different sugar beet varieties and fodder beet. Different N application rates were included and furthermore, autumn sown beets (winter beet). Dry matter composition was analyzed, biogas yield and methane concentration were determined in batch experiments. Sugar beet reached root dry matter yields of more than 20tha–1 and thereby exceeded fodder beet. Moderate N application increased root dry matter yield, whereas higher N rates only enhanced the leaf dry matter yield. But most likely, leaves will not be considered for fermentation because of their low concentration of dry matter and organic dry matter. Winter beet reached total dry matter yields of 12tha–1, but dry matter was not as easily digestible as that of spring sown beets. Biogas yield showed a close linear relation to the root dry matter and the sugar yield as well. Sugar beet varieties can therefore be assessed for anaerobic digestion by their sugar yield. As sugar yield is already the main target, breeding for biogas beets will not be substantially different from that for beets used for sugar manufacture.

scholarly journals Corn response to N applications and population densities at two locations in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Adolfo Quiles-Belén ◽  
Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
Salvio Torres-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
N Rates

The effect of nitrogen applications and population densities on grain and dry matter yield, leaf area and agronomic traits of three commercial corn hybrids was studied at two locations in Puerto Rico. Treatments included sidedressed N at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha and three population densities of 20,000, 40,000 and 80,000 plants/ha. For most traits, significant differences were found between locations, hybrids, population densitites and N levels, and there were significant interactions of location X hybrids, location X population densities, hybrids X population densities, location X N, hybrids X N and population density X N. Grain yield increased significantly with N rates. Pest results were obtained with 120 kg N/ha and 40,000 plants/ha. Over-all grain yield was higher in Sabana Grande, a drier southern location. Highest grain yield (8,607 kg/ha) was obtained with Pioneer Brand Hybrid 304C with 40,000 plants/ha and 120 kg N/ha. Highest dry matter yield (9,393 kg/ha) was obtained in Isabela, a more humid northern location, with Pioneer Brand Hybrid 5800 at 40,000 plants/ha and 120 kg N/ha. At both locations over-all leaf area was greatest with application of 120 kg N/ha.

Variation in Leaf Development and Dry Matter Yield Among Kenaf Varieties and Introductions 1

Crop Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Adamson ◽  
G. A. White ◽  
J. J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

scholarly journals Effect of Water Regimes on the Growth of and Yield of Rabi / Summer Groundnut Genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
R.H. Patil ◽  
B.S. Yenagi ◽  
S. Sagar Dhage
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Black Cotton Soils ◽  
Summer Experiences

Background: Groundnut crop grown during Rabi / summer experiences moisture stress, thus irrigation is must. However, water for irrigation gets scarce during summer month hence it becomes important to choose stress tolerant varieties and optimize irrigation schedule without compromising the yield.Methods: A field experiment with four rabi / summer groundnut genotypes (G1: Dh-86, G2: Dh-101, G3: K-9 and G4: G2-52) exposed to four irrigation regimes (I1: 7 irrigations at 15 days interval from sowing to 105 DAS as control, I2: withdrawal of one irrigation between 45 - 60 DAS i.e., pegging stage, I3: withdrawal of two irrigations between 45-75 DAS i.e., at pegging and pod filling stage, I4: withdrawal of four irrigations from 45-105 DAS i.e., at pegging, pod filling and kernel development stage) was carried out from December to April of 2016-17 on black cotton soils at AICRP on Groundnut UAS, Dharwad.Result: Among the genotypes tested, Dh-86 recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,376 kg ha-1) followed by Dh-101 (2,215 kg ha-1) and K-9 (2,048 kg ha-1), whereas G2-52 gave the lowest yield (1,880kg ha-1) and all of them performed well at I1 and I2 irrigation regimes. Among different water regimes, I1 (i.e., control) recorded significantly taller plants, higher LAI, more branches and higher dry matter at harvest as compared to other irrigation regimes, hence it also recorded significantly higher pod yield and haulm yield (2,870 and 4,691 kg ha-1, respectively), but was found at par with I2, i.e., crop stressed only at pegging stage (2,858 and 4,648 kg ha-1, respectively). This suggests that, at the most, one irrigation can be skipped at pegging stage without compromising on yield.

scholarly journals Silage of maize intercropped with grass and pigeonpea subjected to N rates and pasture development in the offseason

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Stephanie Vicente de Bessa ◽  
Alessandro José Marques Santos ◽  
Clarice Backes ◽  
Lucas Matheus Rodrigues ◽  
Arthur Gabriel Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen topdressing rates applied to an intercrop of maize (M) with paiaguás grass (G) and pigeonpea (P) on silage production and on the pasture development in the offseason. Treatments consisted of two simultaneous intercropping systems (M + G; and M + G + P) and four N topdressing rates (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha?1). The introduction of pigeonpea into the system and the increasing N rates provided gains in yield and silage quality. Pigeonpea responded to nitrogen fertilization by having good regrowth and good dry matter yields in the intercrop. For silage making, the N rates of 240 kg ha?1 N for M+G and 120 kg ha?1 for M+G+P can be recommended. Nitrogen rates promote an increase in the dry matter yield of the grass and of pigeonpea, resulting in improvements in the pasture during the offseason.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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