Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440
Author(s):  
N. M. Abood ◽  
E. M. SHALAL ◽  
M. I. HAMDAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three cultivars (Mabrouk, Buhooth 70 and Giza 113). The results showed in both seasons significant interaction between cultivars and growth inhibitors in most of the studied traits. The plants of the variety Giza 113 sprayed with Ethiphon recorded the lowest period of reaching physiological maturity, the highest average dry matter yield, and the highest weight of 1000 grains (89.00 days, 17.32 ton ha-1, and 39.33 gm) respectively. The same variety recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in the leaves and the highest grain yield due to the effect of Mebiquat (49.50 spad, 3.93 ton ha-1. The cultivar Buhooth 70 with the effect of Cycocel achieved the highest average of dry matter yield of 33.27 ton ha-1.

The effect on the yields of barley and kale of soil conditions induced by cultivation at high moisture content

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fisher ◽  
P. T. Gooderham ◽  
J. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYAn experiment is described in which plots of a silt loam soil were compacted by ploughing and rotary cultivation when the moisture content was high. Kale and barley were grown on these plots in 2 years.Compaction of the soil was not as great as anticipated, but there were marked reductions due to wet cultivation in the dry-matter yield of kale and the vegetative growth of the young barley. Seed yield of barley was relatively unaffected, although there was a significant reduction due to wet ploughing in one year.The implication of these results for experimentation on the effects of soil structure on crop yield are discussed.

CULTIVAR-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN RED CLOVER

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. CHOO ◽  
N. N. COULSON ◽  
J. E. LANGILLE ◽  
A. F. RAYMENT ◽  
J. S. BUBAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Interaction Variance

The performance of nine double-cut and three single-cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars was studied at five locations in Atlantic Canada. The single-cut clovers survived relatively well at all locations while the double-cut clovers did not survive well at one location during the first winter. An analysis of data for total dry-matter yield from five environments, i.e., location-year combinations, showed that the single-cut clovers outyielded the double-cut clovers in Newfoundland but yielded lower at the other locations. Among the double-cut cultivars, Florex, Lakeland, Tapiopoly, and Violetta were found to be desirable cultivars because they had a high mean yield and did not yield lower than the population average at any of the five environments. A large cultivar-environment interaction variance was detected for the double-cut cultivars; therefore, at least 15 test environments are required in future trials in order to detect a yield difference of 6% by multiple comparison procedures.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., stability

Yield parameters of Beta beets as a basis to estimate the biogas yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

High biogas yields are expected from sugar beet because of its high root yield. But it has not been analysed yet, which varieties are best suited to reach the highest biogas yield. The study thus aimed at identifying a parameter to estimate the biogas yield of sugar beet. To get a broad variation of yields and beet qualities, field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 2 sites (Göttingen and Regensburg, Germany) with different sugar beet varieties and fodder beet. Different N application rates were included and furthermore, autumn sown beets (winter beet). Dry matter composition was analyzed, biogas yield and methane concentration were determined in batch experiments. Sugar beet reached root dry matter yields of more than 20tha–1 and thereby exceeded fodder beet. Moderate N application increased root dry matter yield, whereas higher N rates only enhanced the leaf dry matter yield. But most likely, leaves will not be considered for fermentation because of their low concentration of dry matter and organic dry matter. Winter beet reached total dry matter yields of 12tha–1, but dry matter was not as easily digestible as that of spring sown beets. Biogas yield showed a close linear relation to the root dry matter and the sugar yield as well. Sugar beet varieties can therefore be assessed for anaerobic digestion by their sugar yield. As sugar yield is already the main target, breeding for biogas beets will not be substantially different from that for beets used for sugar manufacture.

The use of leaf development rate to determine time to irrigate pangola grass

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Blunt ◽  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
N Rates

The leaf development rate (LDR) of pangola grass (the number of new leaves produced on a shoot per unit of time) growing in swards on Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley was found to decline linearly with cumulative net pan evaporation (+Ep) and ceased at a +Ep of 201 mm. The LDR of vegetative shoots, which have hairy nodes, was 3-5 times greater than that of reproductive shoots, which have glabrous nodes. Nitrogen increased the LDR of only the reproductive shoots. Vegetative shoots were preferred for measuring the response of pangola grass to moisture stress because of their insensitivity to nitrogen fertilizer level and faster LDR. Moisture availability (M) was calculated for each day as follows: M = 201 -+Ep for +Ep < 201, or otherwise M = 0. In an irrigation trial covering two 3-month periods there was a linear relation between M and dry matter yield within each period, and at each of four N rates. It is suggested that LDR measurements could be used to determine irrigation frequency of pangola grass for any site where pan evaporation is also measured. On Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley the most frequent irrigation schedule (every 2 weeks) gave the highest dry matter yields.

scholarly journals Corn response to N applications and population densities at two locations in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Adolfo Quiles-Belén ◽  
Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
Salvio Torres-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
N Rates

The effect of nitrogen applications and population densities on grain and dry matter yield, leaf area and agronomic traits of three commercial corn hybrids was studied at two locations in Puerto Rico. Treatments included sidedressed N at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha and three population densities of 20,000, 40,000 and 80,000 plants/ha. For most traits, significant differences were found between locations, hybrids, population densitites and N levels, and there were significant interactions of location X hybrids, location X population densities, hybrids X population densities, location X N, hybrids X N and population density X N. Grain yield increased significantly with N rates. Pest results were obtained with 120 kg N/ha and 40,000 plants/ha. Over-all grain yield was higher in Sabana Grande, a drier southern location. Highest grain yield (8,607 kg/ha) was obtained with Pioneer Brand Hybrid 304C with 40,000 plants/ha and 120 kg N/ha. Highest dry matter yield (9,393 kg/ha) was obtained in Isabela, a more humid northern location, with Pioneer Brand Hybrid 5800 at 40,000 plants/ha and 120 kg N/ha. At both locations over-all leaf area was greatest with application of 120 kg N/ha.

scholarly journals Nitrogen supply to arugula from pig slurry composts in contrasting soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Luanna C Monteiro ◽  
Celso Aita ◽  
Janquieli Schirmann ◽  
Stefen B Pujol ◽  
Ana Paula Mezzalira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Loam Soil

ABSTRACT This study was developed to evaluate nitrogen (N) supply to arugula from composts produced by automated composting of pig slurry (PS). During the composting process, retorted oil shale (ROS) and dicyandiamide (DCD) were added to PS to mitigate gaseous N losses. The study was developed in a greenhouse where four treatments were evaluated, three with compost addition (PS compost, PS compost + ROS, and PS compost + ROS + DCD) and one without compost (control) in two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy-loam). The best result was obtained with the compost without additives (PS compost), which increased the arugula dry matter yield 2.2 times in clayey soil and 6.1 times in sandy-loam soil compared to the control treatment. The presence of ROS in composts reduced arugula dry matter yield in 27% in clayey soil and 35% in sandy-loam, while DCD did not affect arugula dry matter yield. The results of this study show that the addition of ROS to PS during composting reduces N supply to arugula, both in the immediate (first cut) and residual effect (second cut).

scholarly journals Leonardites Rich in Humic and Fulvic Acids Had Little Effect on Tissue Elemental Composition and Dry Matter Yield in Pot-Grown Olive Cuttings

Soil Systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Margarida Arrobas ◽  
Surian Fernanda de Almeida ◽  
Soraia Raimundo ◽  
Lucas da Silva Domingues ◽  
Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic Compost

The use of humic substances in agriculture has increased in recent years, and leonardite has been an important raw material in the manufacture of commercial products rich in humic and fulvic acids. Leonardite-based products have been used to improve soil properties and to help plants cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of two commercial leonardites and an organic compost, in addition to a control treatment, were assessed for pot-grown olive plants over a period of fourteen months on soil properties, tissue elemental composition and dry matter yield (DMY). Three organic amendments were applied at single and double rates of that set by the manufacturer. The study was arranged in two experiments: one containing the seven treatments mentioned above and the other containing the same treatments supplemented with mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization. Overall, organic compost increased soil organic carbon by ~8% over the control. In the experiment without NPK supplementation, N concentrations in shoots and P in roots were the highest for the compost application (leaf N 12% and root P 32% higher than in the control), while in the experiment with NPK supplementation, no significant differences were observed between treatments. Total DMY was ~10% higher in the set of treatments with NPK in comparison to treatments without NPK. Leonardites did not affect significantly any measured variables in comparison to the control. In this study, a good management of the majority of environmental variables affecting plant growth may have reduced the possibility of obtaining a positive effect on plant nutritional status and growth from the use of commercial leonardites. The leonardites seemed to have caused a slight effect on biological N immobilization. This is not necessarily an advantage or a drawback; it is rather a feature that must be understood to help farmers make better use of these products.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of perennial pastures irrigated with saline water

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni ◽  
DW West
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

This study examines the interaction between salinity and nitrogen (N) fertiliser in perennial pastures growing in the Shepparton Irrigation Area of northern Victoria. In a greenhouse experiment, perennial ryegrass was irrigated with 5 concentrations of sodium chloride (100-6000 mg NaCl/L) and fertilised with 5 concentrations of N (25-800 mg/L). Nitrogen at 200 mg/L was optimum for dry matter yield; at N concentrations >200 mg/L, yield declined. Dry matter yield was greater at 750 mg NaCl/L than at 100 mg NaCl/L but was reduced with further increases in salinity. Significant interactions between salinity and N were recorded for dry matter, and for chloride, Na, potassium, and magnesium concentrations in perennial ryegrass. In a field experiment, the growth of mixed perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures irrigated with saline water [53000 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS)] also responded to N applications. With no added N, yield (2-year average) decreased from 16 630 to 11 277 kg DM/ha (32% decrease) with an increase in salinity from 100 to 3000 mg TDS/L. With 150 kg N/ha, the average yield was 17681 kg DM/ha at 100 mg TDSL and 14 123 kg DM/ha at 3000 mg TDS/L (20% decrease). Form of N (calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, or urea) had no significant effect on yield at 150 kg N/ha. Application of urea at 150 kg N/ha to pastures irrigated with water of salinity up to 3000 mg TDS/L would be economically justifiable.

CATION NUTRITION OF BARLEY AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL SOLUTION COMPOSITION IN A SALINE SOIL

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN ◽  
C. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

Identification of nutritional disorders in crops growing on saline soils may facilitate the development of breeding or agronomic practices that improve yields in saline areas. An investigation was conducted under controlled environment conditions to identify possible cation deficiencies in barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Gait') grown under sulfate-dominated salinity stress. Soil was artificially salinized to produce a factorial of five salinity levels (ranging from approximately 6.5 to 17.5 dS m−1) and five salt types containing various ratios of Na:Mg:Ca. A control treatment (3.1 dS m−1) was also included. Barley was grown for 75 d and harvested for analysis of dry matter yield and tissue composition. Yield response of barley to salinity stress was not differentially affected by the type of salt used in salinization. Concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the plant tissue were generally increased by salinity stress, but these accumulations did not restrict yield since no consistent relationship was found between the concentrations of these cations and barley yield. Potassium concentration in the plants was inversely related to level of soil salinity, apparently because of an antagonistic effect of sodium, but was not consistently related to barley dry matter yield. Calcium uptake was also suppressed by soil salinity. In contrast to the results observed for other cations, a very strong relationship indicative of a yield response curve was observed between yield and calcium concentration in the plant tissue, particularly when the latter was expressed as a ratio of total cation concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, calcium concentration in the plant tissue and estimated calcium activity in the soil solution in highly salinized treatments were well below those considered adequate. These results suggest that calcium deficiency may have played an important role in restricting yield under salinity stress. The apparent calcium deficiency induced by salinity stress was attributed to reduced activity of calcium in the soil solution because of precipitation with sulfate and high ionic strength. Key words: Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, salinity

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