Response of strawberry fruit yield to plant population density

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The yield and profitability of the strawberry cultivars Torrey and Naratoga were compared for two seasons at planting densities ranging from single row beds at 35 000 plants ha-1 to three row beds at 172 000 plants ha-1 Production per plant at the highest density was reduced by approximately 50% and the percentage of culled fruit was greater. Production per hectare of marketable fruit at high density was up to 56% greater than traditional commercial densities of 57 000 plants ha-1. Naratoga out-yielded Torrey in most cases and had fewer culled fruit. In both cultivars leaf area was markedly reduced at high densities but the effect on average berry size was minimal. Profitability was maximized at 172 000 plants ha-1 followed by 87 000 plants ha-1. Naratoga was more profitable than Torrey and all single row treatments showed a net loss.

scholarly journals PLANT SPACING AND NITROGEN INFLUENCE ON STRAWBERRY GROWTH AND FRUITING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 399c-399
Author(s):  
Elden J. Stang ◽  
Gavin G. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Population ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Population Effects

`Raritan' and `Guardian' strawberry were grown in the matted row system with controlled plant densities of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 plants/0.09m2 for comparison to a non-thinned matted row averaging 9 plants/0.09m2. Nitrogen treatments were superimposed on plant spacings at 3 week intervals in preharvest and postharvest applications. Total seasonal available N was 0, 36, 54 and 76 kg/ha. Fruit yield per plant decreased as plant population increased. Berry size declined with increased plant population but number of fruit per plant was not influenced. For both cultivars, plant populations of 4 to 5 plants/0.09m2 resulted in maximum fruit yield. Number of branch crowns for all treatments was 2.5-3.5/plant in the second growing season. Branch crown numbers were reduced with higher plant populations. N effects were independent of plant population effects and did not compensate for lower yields at low plant populations in more or larger berries. Optimum water management may be more important than N fertilizer in determing strawberry plant growth and yield.

scholarly journals DENSELY PLANTED OKRA FOR DESTRUCTIVE HARVEST

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438a-438
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
John B. Solie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Marketable Fruit

We are developing a mechanical harvest system for okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Our objective was to identify a high-density (HD) plant arrangement and a harvest timing that would maximize marketable fruit yield per hectare with a destructive harvest. We compared destructively harvested plants grown at spacings of (in cm) 15 × 15, 23 × 23, and 30 × 30 with hand-harvested plants grown at 90 × 23 cm. Within HD treatments, marketable fruit weight increased inconsistently as plant density increased. The 30 × 30-cm spacing was not dense enough. Branching decreased and the position of the first marketable fruit attachment moved up as plant density increased. Delaying destructive harvest until many over-mature fruit were present often did not increase marketable fruit yield and always reduced the proportion of total harvested fruit weight due to marketable fruit. Overall, percentages of marketable yield obtained by destructive harvests of HD plants were low compared to the cumulative marketable yield from control plants. However, the labor-saving potential was high. A prototype machine for harvest of HD okra has been developed, and further testing is planned.

Effect of plant population density on dry matter partitioning and yield in a short-duration cultivar of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Population Density

SUMMARYAn erect, 60-day cultivar of cowpea, IT84S–2246, was grown with adequate soil moisture at two locations in Nigeria in 1990/91, Ibadan (7° N) and Kano (12° N), contrasting in total incident radiation (Q) and at plant population densities of 1·9–7·7 and 5·4–16·3 plants/m2, respectively. Leaf area, radiation interception and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning were measured. Total shoot and seed dry weights were greater at Kano (mean 4·10 and 1·61 t/ha, respectively) than at Ibadan (mean 1·89 and 0·68 t/ha, respectively), and greater athigher plant densities. Relationships between the reciprocal of total shoot (Wt) and seed dry weight (Ws) per plant and plant population density (Np) determined at Kano and Ibadan were linear and parallel; intercepts, however, were significantly different (P < 0·005). The theoretical maximum potential Wt and Ws per unit area (i.e. 1/b) was therefore the same at Kano and at Ibadan, 448 and 170 g/m2, respectively. However, the optimum Np at Kano and Ibadan was markedly different, c. 10 and 40 plants/m2, respectively. These differences in the relations between DM yields and Np at Kano and Ibadan are examined in terms of leaf area, radiation interception and the partitioning coefficient, and the implications for the design of other agronomic investigations in cowpea are discussed.

scholarly journals Leaf Nitrogen Traits in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Supply in Oilseed Rape

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Marcelo H. Labra ◽  
Paul C. Struik ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini ◽  
Jochem B. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
N Content ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
C Assimilation

Understanding the response of plant nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) economies in oilseed rape, as well as their role in defining phenotypic plasticity, is necessary for designing new strategies to optimize plant and canopy C assimilation to improve potential yield. This paper aims to elucidate the extent to which the interaction between N supply and plant population density alters N distribution in oilseed rape plant (Brassica napus L.) and whether this interaction changes plant investment in leaf area or leaf mass per area. Spring oilseed rape was grown at two rates of N supply (50 and 150 kg N·ha−1) and two plant population densities (50 and 150 plants·m−2). Photosynthesis, leaf area, leaf biomass, and N content of selected leaves were measured at 20% of flowers on main raceme open. The interaction between N supply and plant population density altered leaf N content per area, which is the main determinant of photosynthesis. This interaction also affected leaf mass per area, while N supply determined N content per unit leaf mass. These results suggest that the interaction between N supply and population density affects both nitrogen distribution and leaf mass per area, which could have important implications for light distribution and, therefore, for C assimilation at the plant level.

The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant population density on the response to delayed sowing in winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus)

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mendham ◽  
P. A. Shipway ◽  
R. K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
And Function ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYThe aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the possibility of minimizing yield losses due to late sowing by increasing leaf area and radiation interception during the pre-flowering period. The use of large seed did increase leaf area, radiation interception and crop weight at flowering. Normally this would be expected to lead to increased yield of late sowings, but hot, dry conditions severely affected all crops during seed growth. Applying fertilizer nitrogen in the seed bed boosted pre-flowering growth of early but not late sowings, probably because low temperatures prevented a response in the latter. Increasing plant population density did improve leaf cover and radiation interception until just before flowering, but leaf canopies in late-sown, low density crops were then able to expand more and function for longer owing to less shading by flowers and pods. Seed retention was improved and, even with as few as 8 plants/m3 in 1973–4, a worthwhile yield was still obtained.

scholarly journals Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: II. Effects on Plant Architecture

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Richard W. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Research was conducted to develop a cultural system that would permit a destructive mechanical okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] harvest. This paper reports on studies to determine the responses of okra plant architecture to various highly dense (HD) plant populations, and to consider the implications of those responses for destructive mechanical harvest. Growing okra in plant arrangements more densely planted than the control (which was spaced at 90 × 23 cm) did not affect overall plant heights. The position of the first bloom or fruit attachment and of the first marketable fruit attachment tended to become higher on the stem as plant population density increased, especially when comparing plants from the 15 × 15 cm spacing to control plants. The number of marketable fruit per plant was usually unaffected by plant population. Branch number and defruited dry weight per plant decreased as plant population density increased. Plant architecture did not affect the ability of an experimental mechanical harvester to recover marketable fruit from three different okra cultivars grown in a HD arrangement. The lack of concentrated marketable fruit set, rather than plant architecture, was the main limiting factor to the success of densely planted okra for destructive harvest.

scholarly journals Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: I. Effects on Yield

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Richard W. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] was grown at various highly dense (HD) plant populations for destructive harvest, and compared with control plants grown at spacings of 90 × 23 cm and harvested repeatedly by hand. Our objectives were to identify a HD plant arrangement and an optimum harvest timing to maximize marketable fruit yield per hectare with a single destructive harvest, and to evaluate the potential for regrowth of cut plants followed by one or more subsequent harvests. Within HD treatments, marketable fruit weight per hectare tended to increase as the plant population density increased. Spacings of 30 × 30 cm and wider were not dense enough for the destructive harvest system due to a low marketable yield potential. Wide spacings did favor regrowth of cut plants in two experiments, but total marketable yields were still highest with the highest plant populations tested. Delaying destructive harvest until many overmature fruit were present did not consistently affect marketable fruit yield, but always decreased the proportion (by weight) of marketable fruit to total harvested fruit. Overall, percentages of marketable yield obtained by destructive harvests of plots with HD plant populations were low relative to the cumulative marketable yield from control plots. The lack of concentrated fruit set in okra remains a limiting factor for destructive harvest. However, the labor-saving potential of this system should stimulate further research.

scholarly journals Physiology of the production of strawberries inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3333
Author(s):  
Ely Cristina Negrelli Cordeiro ◽  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Daniele Aparecida Nascimento ◽  
André Ricardo Zeist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a strategy to increase the absorption of nutrients by plants, stimulate the plant defense system, and promote the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In addition, AMF can reduce production costs and improve the agricultural and environmental sustainability of farming systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of AMF on production and physiological parameters of strawberry cultivars. The cultivars Camarosa, Aromas, Camino Real, Monterrey, Portola, San Andreas, and Albion were evaluated in the year 2016, and Camarosa, Camino Real, Monterrey, and Albion were analyzed in the year 2017. These cultivars were grown either with or without AMF. The analyzed production variables were the total number of fruits and fruit yield and weight. Gas exchange and leaf area were also determined in 2017. Fruit yield in treated and control plants was assessed in the two study years. AMF inoculation augmented the leaf area in all cultivars except for Monterrey, photosynthetic performance in the cultivars Camarosa and Camino Real, and the transpiration rate in the cultivar Camarosa. These results indicate that AMF improve agronomic and physiological characteristics of strawberry cultivars.

Effects of plant population density on determinate and indeterminate forms of winter field beans (Vicia faba) 2. Growth and development

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽  
T. E. Nyongesa ◽  
H. E. Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
The University ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Target Plant

SUMMARYIn studies at the University of Nottingham at Sutton Bonington in two consecutive seasons beginning in 1986/87, Bourdon, an indeterminate cultivar, and 858, a determinate selection (provided by Plant Breeding International, Cambridge), were compared under six target plant population densities ranging from 10 to 80 plants/m2.As the season progressed, total dry matter production increased to a maximum and then declined. However, growth rates slowed at pod set because, it is suggested, of the change in the chemical composition of the newly synthesized biomass, from carbohydrate to protein, at that time. Leaf area duration was greater in Bourdon than in 858, especially during pod set, but it bore no relation to seed yield. Specific leaf area was unaffected by competition for light. It is proposed that changes in plant population density affect the competition for assimilates within a plant rather than the competition for light between different plants. Losses of branches and reproductive nodes, with time, are cited as evidence for this. The apparent causes of the lower yield of determinate forms of winter field bean relative to indeterminate forms are discussed.

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