Low-temperature induced floret sterility in the rice cultivars Calrose and Inga as influenced by nitrogen supply

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
Temperature Controlled

An experiment in temperature-controlled glasshouse chambers at Yanco Agricultural Institute examined floret sterility in lnga and Calrose rice induced by low temperature and high nitrogen level. Low temperature (12�C) ,for 4 d during microsporogenesis and anthesis produced considerable sterility in both cultivars; lnga was more sensitive than Calrose. Sensitivity was greatest when florets from the mid-section of the panicle were passing through the early microspore phase of pollen development. At both stages, the amount of low-temperature induced sterility was increased by high nitrogen supply. In the absence of low temperature, high nitrogen levels induced sterility in lnga only.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF BUD AND RHIZOME DEVELOPMENT IN THE SEEDLING OF AGROPYRON REPENS L. BEAUV.

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Rhizome Development ◽  
Agropyron Repens

The effects of various environmental conditions on bud development in seedlings of Agropyron repens L. Beauv. were investigated. The bud in the axil of leaf 1 was the most responsive. At a high nitrogen level (315 p.p.m.) most of the buds at this position developed as tillers, and at a low level (2.1 p.p.m.) as rhizomes. A transition from rhizome to shoot development was induced by increasing the nitrogen supply after the rhizomes were initiated. Temperature had a similar effect, tillers being produced at a high (day) temperature (27 °C) and rhizomes at a low temperature (10 °C). Reducing the daylength from 18 to 9 h strongly promoted tillering and almost completely prevented rhizome development. A reduction of light intensity from 4000 to 2000 ft-c did not affect bud development but appeared to increase the tendency for rhizomes to form a terminal shoot. Similar effects were shown by the buds at the coleoptile and leaf 2 positions but the inherent tendency for the former to develop as rhizomes and the latter as tillers limited their response.There was some evidence from these results that bud and rhizome development is controlled by a similar mechanism and that the carbohydrate level may be an important factor in determining the inherent pattern of bud development.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms in Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) Induced by Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Jialin Sun ◽  
Weinan Li ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yun Guo ◽  
Zejia Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Bupleurum (Apiaceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although roots are the only used parts in China, other countries use the whole plant. The yield and quality of Bupleurum depend mainly on fertilizers, especially nitrogen. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the nitrogen fertilization level and the quality and metabolomic response of different parts (flowers, main shoots, lateral shoots and roots) of Bupleurum to three nitrogen fertilization levels (control group: 0 kg·ha−1; low-nitrogen group: 55 kg·ha−1; high-nitrogen group: 110 kg·ha−1). The results showed that a high nitrogen level increases Bupleurum yield and quality parameters only in aerial parts, especially flowers, but has no significant effect on roots. The HPLC method was exploited for simultaneous quantification of three saikosaponins (A, C and D), which are the main bioactive components in the plant. It was found that the total content of saikosaponins decreased with high nitrogen fertilization in roots but significantly increased in flowers. Moreover, nitrogen fertilizer promoted the content of saikosaponin A but inhibited saikosaponins C and saikosaponins D in most parts of the plant. To study the response of primary metabolites, we adopted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis; 84 metabolites were identified that were mostly up-regulated with a high nitrogen level in flowers but down-regulated in roots. Four differential metabolites—D-fructose, lactose, ether and glycerol—were recognized as key metabolites in Bupleurum under nitrogen fertilization. Meanwhile, The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results explained that the impact of nitrogen fertilization on Bupleurum was attributed to the C-metabolism, N-metabolism, and lipids metabolism. This research put forward new insights into potential mechanisms and the relationship between the quality and yield of Bupleurum and nitrogen fertilization.

Competition between skeleton weed (Chondrila juncea L) and cereals in relation to nitrogen supply

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Myers ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Of Oats ◽  
Plant Growth Regulating Substances

The effect of skeleton weed competition on the yield of wheat and oats was investigated in seasons when rainfall was plentiful. Nitrogen was found to be the major factor limiting crop yields. In soils with comparable nitrogen-supplying powers, skeleton weed density governed the crop's response to applied nitrogen. Competition between skeleton weed and crop was severe at low nitrogen levels, but minor at the high nitrogen levels achieved either by nitrogen application, or when the crop followed a legume-rich pasture. Competition had its effect early in the crop's growth. Temporary removal of competition, by spraying with plant growth regulating substances (JICPA) at different times, was used to determine when competition was critical, and measure its effects. Skeleton weed reduced nitrogen supply early in the crop's growth, and so depressed yield. An application of 1 lb MCPA per acre in the fallow 54 days before sowing, or 10 days after crop emergence, increased the yield of oats from 710 to 1350 lb grain per acre: a response equal to that from 32 lb nitrogen per acre applied at planting in the same experiment. In each case, the response to spraying at the different times was analogous to the effect of a nitrogen application at these times. Early spraying gave responses in yield; later spraying gave responses in grain nitrogen. The results provide a new estimate of the reduction in crop yield due to skeleton weed.

Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped unzipped carbon nanotubes and their electrochemical properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 8175-8181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Haihui Zhou ◽  
Shudan Wei ◽  
Zhongxue Chen ◽  
Zheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
High Nitrogen Level

N-UCNTs with a high nitrogen level, large surface areas and good crystallinity are synthesized by pyrolysis of an O-UCNTs/melamine composite.

Nitrogen doped activated carbon/graphene with high nitrogen level: Green synthesis and thermo-electrical properties of its nanofluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi ◽  
Samira Gharehkhani ◽  
Hooman Yarmand ◽  
Ahmad Badarudin ◽  
Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
High Nitrogen Level

scholarly journals Gluten Protein Compositional Changes in Response to Nitrogen Application Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
Gordana Šimić ◽  
Krešimir Dvojković ◽  
Marko Ivić ◽  
Ivana Plavšin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on wheat protein content and composition in 16 cultivars over two years at three locations. The nitrogen treatment comprised two nitrogen levels, 0 kg ha−1 as low and 100 kg ha−1 as high nitrogen, applied as top dressings of 50 kg nitrogen per ha at tillering and stem extension growth stages. Increased nitrogen level generally enhanced grain protein by 11.3% (11.5% vs. 12.8%). Considering protein composition determined by reversed phase–high-pressure liquid chromatography, higher nitrogen supply generally enhanced the proportion of total gliadins, α-gliadins, γ-gliadins and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits by 1.1%, 2.0%, 3.7%, 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively, and reduced albumins and globulins, ω-gliadins, total glutenins and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits by 1.1%, 1.7%, 1.9% and 3.2%. Under a high nitrogen level, the historical cultivars Libellula, San Pastore and U-1 had a higher protein content (13.1–15.2%) with significantly higher total gliadins, which resulted in a significantly higher gliadin/glutenin ratio (1.68–1.92). In the modern cultivars, protein content varied between 11.4% and 14.6% with a well-balanced gliadin/glutenin ratio (1.08–1.50), except for cultivar MV Nemere which had a high gliadin/glutenin ratio at both nitrogen levels (1.81 vs. 1.87). In summary, increasing nitrogen level enhanced grain protein content while the composition of gliadin and glutenin fractions was changed to a lesser extent and was largely cultivar specific and therefore should be considered for wheat baking quality assessment and breeding purposes.

Molybdenum nutrition of rice under low and high nitrogen level

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Das Gupta ◽  
P. Basuchaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Nitrogen Level

Effects of endophyte infection on the competitive ability of Achnatherum sibiricum depend on endophyte species and nitrogen availability

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-824
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yubao Gao ◽  
Wade J Mace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract Aims The leaves of almost all terrestrial plant species are colonized by endophytic fungi. Compared to agronomic grasses, which usually harbor few endophytes, native grasses generally possess greater endophyte species diversity. Existing studies examining endophyte effects on natural grasses under competition normally considered the infection status (infected or uninfected), and rarely considered endophyte species. Methods We examined the effects of endophyte infection and of endophyte species on the interspecific competitive ability of a subdominant species, Achnatherum sibiricum, at two nitrogen levels (high nitrogen and low nitrogen). Achnatherum sibiricum plants infected by two different species of endophyte (Epichloë sibirica and E. gansuensis) and uninfected plants were grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with a dominant species, Stipa grandis (six individuals per species for monocultures and three + three individuals of each species in mixtures). Shoot and root biomass, tiller number and total phenolic concentration were measured after 3 months. Moreover, the aggressivity index was calculated to compare the competitive ability of A. sibiricum relative to S. grandis. Important Findings Both E. gansuensis (Eg)- and E. sibirica (Es)-infected A. sibiricum plants showed a greater competitive ability than the uninfected plants under high nitrogen supply, while the opposite result occurred under low nitrogen supply. At high nitrogen levels, Eg plants had a higher tiller number and a greater shoot biomass inhibitory effect on S. grandis than Es plants had when growing in mixture, while Es plants showed better root growth performance than Eg and uninfected plants under mixture conditions at all nitrogen levels. A higher concentration of phenolic compounds in Eg plants than in Es plants might contribute to the higher inhibitory effect of Eg plants on competing plants. Our study indicates that the interaction between endophyte infection and nitrogen availability can alter the competitive ability of the host plant A. sibiricum but that these two endophyte species work in different ways, which may influence the coexistence of A. sibiricum with the dominant species.

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON EUPHORBIA ESULA L.: SOME EFFECTS OF THE NITROGEN SUPPLY ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEEDLING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. McIntyre ◽  
M. V. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Stage Of Development

The influence of the nitrogen supply on the growth and development of Euphorbia esula L. was investigated by growing seedlings in sand culture at nitrogen levels of 105 p.p.m. (later increased to 210 p.p.m.), 10.5 p.p.m. and 2.1 p.p.m. Shoot height and dry weight and the shoot/root ratio were much reduced by nitrogen deficiency and the outgrowth of lateral buds was completely suppressed at the lowest nitrogen level. Root development proved very responsive. The "heterorhizic" pattern of long and short roots of differing growth potential described from field observations was much less evident under the experimental conditions. Long roots were more numerous and were produced at an earlier stage of development than is usual in the field. These differences increased markedly with the nitrogen supply. The number of lateral roots (of both types) per unit length of the parent roots and the number of shoot buds on the root system were both considerably greater at the higher nitrogen levels. The increase in shoot bud production, however, could be largely attributed to associated effects on the size and mode of development of the root system. Regrowth from buds on the roots, induced by shoot removal, was extremely vigorous in the seedlings treated with high nitrogen but was almost completely suppressed at the lowest nitrogen level.

Nitrogen Metabolism During Storage in Relation to the Breakdown of Apples. I. Changes in protein nitrogen level in relation to incidence

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
TL Lewis ◽  
y Cern
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Protein nitrogen content was followed in fruits of four apple varieties during cool storage under conditions designed to induce different rates of water loss. Increase in protein nitrogen content during cool storage did not appear to be related to the development of breakdown. High nitrogen level in the fruit, high relative humidity in the storage atmosphere, and advanced maturity at harvest all increased susceptibility to breakdown, but only the first of these factors influenced the protein nitrogen level. An inverse relationship between percentage water loss and breakdown incidence was demonstrated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document