Effects of trifluralin, benomyl and metalaxyl on the incidence and severity of root disease in annual Medicago spp., and evaluation of cultivars for resistance to root rot

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Bretag ◽  
JF Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The herbicide trifluralin increased both the incidence and severity of root rot in four Medicago truncatula cultivars and reduced their dry matter production. In glasshouse studies with a naturally infested soil from Kaniva, medic root disease was controlled by soil incorporation of metalaxyl but not by soil treatment with benomyl. The known biological activity of metalaxyl suggests that the fungi responsible for the root rot were Peronosporales. The same fungicides failed to control medic root diseases in a field trial at Dooen in 1984. Medic cultivars varied in their susceptibility to root rot, some having moderate resistance, although none were immune. The susceptibility rankings established in glasshouse tests with naturally infested soil were supported by field observations. The results show that there is potential for control of medic root diseases by selecting resistant medic cultivars.

Relationship of rainfall, cultural practices, soil and plant nutrients, and seedling survival with root disease and parasitic nematode numbers in annual Medicago spp. Pastures

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. You ◽  
I. T. Riley ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
M. J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Relationship Of

Surveys were conducted for annual Medicago spp. (medic) pastures in the grain belt of south-west Western Australia during spring 1996 and winter–spring 1997 to determine the relationship of rainfall, cultural practices, soil and plant nutrients, and seedling survival with severity of root disease and numbers of parasitic nematodes. Medic pasture was sampled on 116 farms. Most pastures consisted of a single medic variety, viz. Serena, Santiago, Cyprus, or Caliph, whereas about 33% of sites had mixed varieties. Regression analyses showed that high rainfall and application of phosphorus fertilisers were correlated with increased severity of rot in medic tap roots. Crop history and medic variety were not related to the level of root rot. Numbers of Pratylenchusin medic roots were not correlated with the level of tap or lateral root rot, medic variety, rainfall, or with the application of insecticide, fertilisers, or herbicides. Soil with relatively high levels of P, NO3-, or Fe was associated with an increased level of tap root rot. Soils with high pH were associated with reduced tap root rot. Soils with relatively high K were related to severe lateral root rot, whereas relatively high levels of P in soil were associated with reduced lateral root rot. Plants with high levels of tap root rot showed low levels of Mg, whilst low levels of Ca and NO3– in tissues were related to high levels of lateral root rot. High levels of tap root rot were associated with relatively high levels of total N, K, and S, Cu, Zn, Mn, and NO3- in plant tissues. Plants with relatively high levels of lateral root rot had relatively high levels of Cu in shoots. Of the 116 annual Medicago pastures sampled, only 1% had adequate Mg content and only 19% had adequate Ca content. However, 83% had higher than adequate levels of Cu, 70% had higher than adequate levels of Mn, and all samples showed more than adequate levels of chloride. Experimental sites of M. polymorpha cv. Serena at 6 farms showed that the percentage survival rate of seedlings was negatively correlated with the severity of tap and lateral root rot in the previous year. These results indicate that in the farms surveyed there is a serious threat to annual medic pastures from root rot fungi. The severity of the disease was partly determined by soil conditions and cultural practices.

Lack of control of phytophthora root in lucerne (Medicago sativa) by foliar applications of phosphorus

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
MJ Ryley ◽  
TM Bowdler
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lack Of Control

Application of phosphonate was investigated as a means of controlling phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis) in lucerne (Medicago sativa). Foliar sprays of the chemical at rates of 2, 4 and 8 g/L did not improve the persistence or dry matter production of susceptible or resistant cultivars of lucerne, despite a small reduction in the degree of damage inflicted on lucerne plants by a severe epiphytotic of the disease. Regular monthly applications gave no better control than single applications at establishment or at the time of the development of an epiphytotic. It is concluded that phosphonate is not efficacious in controlling phytophthora root rot in lucerne and will not improve the performance of susceptible cultivars in high risk situations.

Nodulation and growth of pasture legumes with naturalised soil rhizobia. 1. Annual Medicago spp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ballard ◽  
N. Charman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

The ability of 11 species of annual medics (Medicago doliata, M. laciniata, M. littoralis, M. minima, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha, M. praecox, M. rigidula, M. rigiduloides, M. tornata and M. truncatula) to nodulate and fix nitrogen with naturalised rhizobia from 28 South Australian soils was assessed. The number of rhizobia in the soils was estimated. Medic shoot dry matter production and nodulation were measured, after inoculation of medic seedlings with a soil suspension, in 2 glasshouse experiments. The number of medic rhizobia ranged from 0.4 10 2 to 1.5 10 6 per gram soil. Medicago laciniata was the only medic species tested which was not consistently nodulated by the soil rhizobia. While all the other species formed nodules, they varied widely in their ability to form an effective symbiosis. Symbiotic performance (which indicates how much growth the medic line achieved, when compared to an effective inoculation treatment) of the medic species ranged from 3% (M. rigiduloides) to 67% (M. praecox). Herald (M. littoralis) achieved a symbiotic performance of 49% and it was estimated that this would be insufficient to meet the nitrogen requirements of a Herald-based pasture during early growth. The symbiotic performance of Santiago (M. polymorpha) was low (17%) and erratic (from –6 to 72%). The ability of the rhizobia to form an effective symbiosis varied widely also between soil regions. For example, the rhizobia in Riverland soils resulted in only 31% of the shoot dry matter of those in Eyre Peninsula soils, in association with M. polymorpha. There are significant opportunities to improve the symbiotic performance of a number of the species of annual medics examined in this study. Options to improve the effectiveness of the symbiosis of medics with naturalised soil rhizobia are discussed.

Effects of Soil Salinity on Broad Bean (Vicia faba) in the Sudan

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. H. El Karouri
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Bean Yield

SUMMARYThe effect of soil salinity on growth and yield of broad bean was investigated, using correlation analysis. The salinity level at which 50% reduction in bean yield occurred was 9 mmho/cm. The negative correlation between dry matter production and yield and ECe, together with the field observations, indicated that soil salinity may be responsible for the different growth and yield of broad bean fields in the salt-affected areas of northern Sudan.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN SPESIES DAN PRODUKSI BAHAN KERING HIJAUAN PAKAN KELINCI DI KABUPATEN PANIAI

Pastura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Diana Sawen ◽  
B.W. Irianti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Descriptive Method

The potential forage largely determines the success of the development of a ruminants farm. This study aims to find out how much abundance and production of dry matter forage of rabbits. The study was conducted for one month in the District of East Paniai and Tigi in Paniai Regency, analysis of dry matter at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed FPPK UNIPA Manokwari, using descriptive method with survey techniques and field observations. This study shows that there are five species of grasses, 5 species of non forage and 4 types of food crops which is consumed by the rabbit with fresh forage production is 4600 gram/ m2. Dry matter production of 5630.71 gram/m2 and dry matter percentage of 23.56%., while the legume species was not found.Key words: species abundance, dry matter, rabbit forage

Competitiveness of inoculant strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii in red clover using repeated inoculation and increased inoculum levels

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Matter Basis

The effects of inoculation of red clover with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains 285 and 7612 were studied. In greenhouse experiments repeated inoculations were made. Strain 285 occupied all nodules when included, and strain 7612 increased its nodule occupancy with repeated inoculation. In field studies, where native, ineffective red clover bacteria were present, increased levels of inoculum were added, which increased dry matter production and nitrogen content of the plants. Yields from plants inoculated with strain 7612 were higher but dependent on inoculum concentration. The number of early nodules occupied by inoculant bacteria increased with increasing inoculum concentrations of strain 7612 but not of strain 285. The inoculant strain occupancy of late nodules was unaffected by inoculum levels in both cases. Acetylene reduction and accumulation of 14C-labelled metabolites in nodules situated at different distances from the shoots and in nodules of different ages, including overwintering nodules, were studied. Nodule placement did not influence the biological activity of the nodules. Old nodules were less active on a dry matter basis, but since they are larger, they may have contributed to the nitrogen balance of the plants as much as young nodules. Overwintering the plants did not change this pattern. Key words: competition, inoculation, nodule life cycle, Rhizobium.

Meeting the Kyoto target: implications for the Australian livestock industries

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. I
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Matter Production

The interaction between 29 isolates of Rhizobium and the in vitro growth of 3 strains of Phytophthora clandestina was investigated to determine the potential of these bacteria as biological control agents against root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The biological control activity of Rhizobium on the severity of root disease in seedlings was also investigated under glasshouse conditions. Thirteen of the 29 Rhizobium isolates caused significant reductions in the hyphal growth of the 3 P. clandestina isolates examined. Inoculation of seedlings with Rhizobium trifolii reduced the severity of root disease by 14–58% with corresponding increases in dry matter production of 20–73%. These results indicate that Rhizobium species have potential as biological control agents against the root rot of T. subterraneum seedlings caused by P. clandestina.

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea

Potensi Covercrop Kebun Sawit Sebagai Sumber Pakan Hijauan Ternak Ruminansia Pada Musim Kemarau di Pelalawan, Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan A. Gopar ◽  
S. Martono ◽  
Muhamad N. Rofiq ◽  
Windu N.
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Line Intercept

The objective of this experiment was to obtain forage/ cover crops productivity and carrying capacity for ruminant animals in Pelalawan Regency, Riau in the dry season. Data were collected from civil palm oil plantations at the aged 7, 10 and 14 years in the end of dry season with a destructive sampling method. Sampling used line intercept method which every hectare were picked 10 points by using a pair of 1 m2 sized quadrant. The result showed that the number of vegetations/ cover crops in oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 42 types.The proportion of forage which consist grass, legume and ferns was diverse at each age of oil palm plantations. Forage production under oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years were 2,571 kg/ha, 1479.76 kg/ha and 1417.22 kg/ha as fed and amounted to 811.41 kg/ ha, 471, 15 kg/ ha and 456.91 kg/ ha in the dry matter production. Average carrying capacities of oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 0.36 Animal units (AU)/ha/year, 0.21 AU/ha/year and 0.20 AU/ ha/year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jumlah covercrop dan kapasitas tampungnya di kebun sawit sebagai sumber pakan hijauan ruminansia pada musim kemarau di kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun milik rakyat pada akhir musim kemarau. Pengambilan sampel dengan destructive sampling method menggunakan metode garis berpetak memakai kuadran berukuran 1m2 dengan jumlah sampel tiap area sebanyak 10 titik. Berdasar hasil pengukuran diperoleh hasil jumlah vegetasi/ covercrop yang ada di kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun sebanyak 42 jenis yang bervariasi tiap umur tanaman sawit. Proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi jenis rumput, legume dan paku-pakuan bervariasi pada tiap umur kebun sawit. Produksi hijauan yang ada di bawah kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 2.571 kg/ha, 1.479,76 kg/ha dan 1.417,22 kg/ha dalam bentuk segar serta sebesar 811,41 kg/ha, 471,15 kg/ha dan 456,91 kg/ha dalam bahan kering. Kapasitas tampung dari kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun adalah 0,36 satuan ternak (ST)/ha, 0,21 ST/ha dan 0,20 ST/ha.Keywords: cover crops, oil palm plantation, forage, ruminant, dry season, Pelalawan

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