Field evaluation of tissue-cultured papaw clones in Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Drew ◽  
JN Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Reduced Time

Field performance of tissue-cultured clones of papaws established either from adult tissue of a high-yielding female plant or from juvenile tissue of seedlings (2 females and 2 hermaphrodites) was compared with seedling controls. All tissue-cultured plants had strong root systems and established more quickly than seedlings. Plants from adult tissue (TCA) had a reduced juvenile phase, as evidenced by increased circumference, lower height of first flower, reduced time to harvest, and higher fruit numbers per metre of stem. Planting date affected node number of first flower for TCA plants but not seedlings. TCA plants had higher yields than seedlings when planted in spring, and this could lead to improved commercial practice. Differences between clones established from juvenile tissue and their respective seedling controls varied and were not consistent with a reduced juvenile phase. Four dwarf off-type plants (<1% of population) originated from a single bud explant.

Field evaluation of tissue-cultured bananas in south-eastern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Drew ◽  
MK Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Banana Cultivar ◽  
Plant Crop

Field performance is described for tissue cultured plants and conventional propagules of planting material of banana cultivar 'New Guinea Cavendish' (Musa sp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup). Tissuecultured plants were produced by either regeneration of plants from callus culture or by micropropagation of plants following the release of dormant buds at the leaf axils of explants. The conventional material consisted of suckers and 'bits' (lateral buds and associated corm material). Tissue-cultured plants established more quickly, were taller, and had a shorter time to bunch emergence and harvest of plant crop than conventional planting material. They had significantly (P<0.05) higher yields in terms of bunch weight, which was a function of greater numbers of fingers and hands. These advantages did not extend to the ratoon crop. Sucker production on tissue-cultured plants was significantly (P<0.01) higher up to 8 months after planting, equal to conventional material from 8 months to harvest, and then significantly lower. Twenty-two per cent of the plants derived from callus were off-types compared with 3% in the line produced by axillary bud proliferation. No off-types were observed in conventional planting material.

scholarly journals Response of Oxypetalum caeruleum to Irradiance, Temperature, and Photoperiod

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Armitage ◽  
N.G. Seager ◽  
I.J. Warrington ◽  
D.H. Greer ◽  
J. Reyngoud
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Reduced Time

Incremental increases in temperature from 14 to 22 to 30C resulted in linear increases in stem length and node number and decreases in stem diameter and stem strength of Oxypetalum caeruleum (D. Don.) Decne. Higher temperatures also resulted in additional flower abortion, reduced time to flowering, and fewer flowering stems per inflorescence. Reduction in the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from 695 to 315 μmol·s-1·m-2 had similar effects as increasing the temperature on vegetative characteristics, but had little effect on reproductive ones. The rate of stem elongation was greatest at low PPF for all temperatures and at high temperature for all PPF treatments. Net photosynthesis rose between 14 and 22C and declined at 30C for all PPF treatments. Long photoperiods (12 or 14 hours) resulted in longer internodes, longer stems, and more flowers per cyme than short photoperiods (8 or 10 hours), but photoperiod had little effect on flowering time. Treatments to reduce latex coagulant and silver thiosulfate treatments had no significant effect on vase life.

Field Evaluation and Cost Effectiveness of Crack Sealing in Flexible and Composite Pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momen Mousa ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Mohammad Bashar ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Kevin Gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Composite Pavements

One of the most common methods used to treat longitudinal and transverse cracks is crack sealing (CS), which is categorized as a preventive maintenance method. Field performance and cost-effectiveness of this treatment widely vary depending on pavement conditions and installation of the material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance and cost-effectiveness of CS in flexible and composite pavements in hot and wet climates such as Louisiana, and to develop a model that would quantify the expected benefits of CS given project conditions. To achieve this objective, 28 control sections that were crack-sealed between 2003 and 2010 were monitored for at least four years. These sections included flexible and composite pavements, sealed and unsealed segments, and varying traffic levels. The performance of these sections was evaluated for the random cracking index (RCI) and roughness index (RI). Based on the results of this analysis, it was concluded that CS only has a significant impact on random cracking. When compared with untreated segments, CS extended pavement service life (PSL) by two years. When compared with the original pavement, CS extended PSL by 5.6 and 3.2 years for flexible and composite pavements, respectively, if applied at the correct time. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that CS is cost-effective whether asphalt emulsion or rubberized asphalt sealant is used. A non-linear regression model was developed to predict the extension in PSL because of CS without the need for performance data based on the average daily traffic (ADT), pavement type, and prior pavement conditions.

scholarly journals Comparative Field Performance of Plants Developing from Normal and Abnormal Seedlings of Peanuts1

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
G. A. Sullivan ◽  
A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems

Abstract The percentage of abnormal peanut seedlings was determined in 18 field plantings during 1973–74. Characteristics of mature plants that developed from normal and abnormal seedlings were compared. Seedlings that emerged 7–10 days later than the field average were identified as abnormal. Plants that developed from abnormal seedlings produced, on the average, less than one-half of the yield of plants that developed from normal seedlings. Pod yields of the plants that developed from abnormal seedlings varied from zero to normal. SMK percentages were significantly different at six of the 15 locations that were measured. Approximately 95 percent of the plants that developed from abnormal seedlings had abnormal root systems. The most common abnormalities were twisted hypocotyls and/or missing taproots. Abnormal seedlings commonly result from seeds subjected to mechanical impacts during harvesting and processing.

Operating Experience of the First Solar® Taurus 70S Mechanical Drive Installation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Hoshizaki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

In October 1995, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) commissioned the first mechanical drive application of Solar Turbines’ Taurus™ 70S gas turbine. The unit was installed as a part of a turbine/compressor package at a compressor station on NGTL’s natural gas pipeline system. As this first installation was a part of a development test program by Solar Turbines, field evaluation was conducted subsequent to the original commissioning and related testing. This paper presents NGTL’s experiences in commissioning, startup and operation. Field performance test results for the gas turbine are presented and focus on output power, thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions. Some of the findings and observations from the field evaluation tests performed by Solar are also discussed. In addition, a description of the facility in which the turbine/compressor package is installed is provided.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Wireless Sink Node for Monitoring of Snow Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1775-1785
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Garg, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Term Field

Conventionally, sink node is considered to have large hardware and energy resources; however, many times sink node is working in same conditions as source nodes, especially when deployed for monitoring of the snow environment. In this paper, an effort has been made to practically realize a sink node which is energy efficient and cost effective for monitoring applications. To save energy, the Main Power Module is designed to provide controlled powers to sensors and sub-modules. The paper discusses design aspects of the sink node and its long-term field evaluation with environmental sensors, especially the Snow Depth Sensor of MaxBotix. Field performance of Snow Depth Sensor has been enhanced by Euclidean Minimum Distance filter which improved the correlation of data to 0.997. The proposed design helps to achieve energy consumption of 42.72mWh which is significantly lower than the previous work. The reliable working of the sink node in the long-term field evaluation indicates that snow environment can be monitored at less expense of energy by employing proposed sensors and the specially designed sink node.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Herbicide-resistant Transgenic Broccoli

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
G. Scoles ◽  
W. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

This study examined the field performance and herbicide resistance of lines of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica Group) generated from plants transformed for resistance to the herbicide glufosinate by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Seedling vigor and vegetative growth characteristics of the first recombinant generation (R1) produced by selfing the transformed lines were comparable to those of the F1 parent (cv. Cruiser) and an equivalent nontransformed F2 line. In hand-weeded trials, marketable yields of the R1-transformed lines were comparable to the parental line or the corresponding nontransformed F2 line. A single application of the recommended rate of the nonselective herbicide glufosinate slowed the growth and reduced yields of nontransformed broccoli, but had little effect on head quality or yields of most transformed lines. Inheritance of herbicide resistance in the R1 progeny of the R0 transgenic plants followed standard Mendelian ratios for a completely dominant trait controlled by a single gene. The results confirm the potential for improvement of broccoli through the incorporation of herbicide resistance by gene transfer technology. Chemical name used: 2-amino-(4-hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid (glufosinate, phosphinothricine).

Container and root treatments affect growth and root form of planted ponderosa pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton W. Owston ◽  
K. W. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
One Year

Field performance and root form of container-grown Pinnsponderosa Laws. seedlings were studied after application of three treatments and compared with untreated bare-root seedlings. One-year-old seedlings grown in 1.9-ℓ milk carton containers were treated by (1) removing the bottom of the container, (2) removing the whole container, and (3) removing the whole container and cutting spiralled roots off at the bottom of the surface of the root ball. Survival was excellent for trees of all treatments. Bare-root seedlings grew most in height the first season, but after 5 years, the average height of container seedlings was greater than for bare-root trees. Seedlings with container removed and roots cut were tallest and had root systems that appeared sturdiest. Most of these had well developed taproots and good outward growth of laterals with little spiralling. Aborted or kinked taproots and spiralled laterals were often found where only the bottom of the container had been removed.

Evaluation and breeding of tedera for Mediterranean climates in southern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Real ◽  
C. M. Oldham ◽  
M. N. Nelson ◽  
J. Croser ◽  
M. Castello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa C.H. Stirton var. albomarginata and var. crassiuscula) has been identified as one of the most productive and drought-tolerant species of herbaceous perennial legumes based on 6 years of field evaluation in Western Australia in areas with Mediterranean climate and annual rainfall ranging from 200 to 600 mm. Importantly, tedera demonstrated broad adaptation to diverse soils, and some accessions have shown moderate levels of tolerance to waterlogging and salinity. Tedera exhibits minimal leaf shedding during summer and autumn. Economic modelling strongly suggests that giving livestock access to green tedera in summer and autumn will dramatically increase farm profit by reducing supplementary feeding. The breeding program (2006–12) evaluated the available genetic diversity of tedera for its field performance in seven nurseries with 6498 spaced plants in total covering a wide variation in rainfall, soils and seasons. Best overall plants were selected using a multivariate selection index generated with best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of dry matter cuts and leaf retention traits. The breeding program also evaluated tedera for grazing tolerance, grazing preference by livestock, waterlogging tolerance, seed production, cold tolerance, disease susceptibility and presence of secondary compounds. Tedera is a diploid, self-pollinated species. Therefore, 28 elite parents were hand-crossed in several combinations to combine outstanding attributes of parents; F1 hybrids were confirmed with the aid of highly polymorphic, simple sequence repeat markers. The F1s were progressed to F4s by single-seed descent breeding. Elite parent plants were selfed for two generations to be progressed in the breeding program without hybridisation. Over time, selections from the crossing and selfing program will deliver cultivars of three ideotypes: (i) drought-tolerant, (ii) cold- and drought-tolerant, (iii) waterlogging- and drought-tolerant.

Field Evaluation of Wattle and Silt Fence Ditch Checks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199207
Author(s):  
Jaime C. Schussler ◽  
Billur Kazaz ◽  
Michael A. Perez ◽  
J. Blake Whitman ◽  
Bora Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Sediment Retention

Erosion and sediment control practices are implemented during construction activities to mitigate downstream effects, but limited field-performance data exists. Field assessments were conducted to evaluate ditch check installations during highway construction in Tama County, Iowa. Data collection included daily rainfall, topographical surveys of sediment deposition, pre- and post-rain event images, and visual observations. Variations to the standard Iowa Department of Transportation silt fence ditch check installation evaluated as part of this study include: (a) upgrading non-reinforced geotextile to a multi-belted, reinforced geotextile (i.e., SF-M1); (b) installing V-shape, as opposed to linear, while incorporating wire reinforcement to support hydrostatic loads placed on the geotextile, inclusion of a weir to facilitate controlled flow discharge, and offsetting the geotextile entrenchment location to improve ground securement (i.e., SF-M2); and (c) installing the dich check as described for SF-M2 substituting slicing for trenching (i.e., SF-M3). The modified wattle installation (i.e., W-M) incorporated a teepee staking configuration to facilitate ground contact, and an excelsior underlay, secured by sod staples, to minimize wattle undercutting. Results from field experiments indicated that sediment retention rates significantly improved for installations of SF-M2 and SF-M3 when compared with the standard installation and SF-M1 at the 85% confidence level, and served as viable control measures in concentrated flow applications. The W-M installation exhibited a statistically significant improvement in sediment retention over the W-S installation at the 95% confidence level. These findings suggest that ditch check performance is a function of specified practice and of installation methods described within regulatory agency specifications and design guidelines.

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