Evaluation of Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. accessions for livestock and crop enterprises in subhumid Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Tarawali
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Evaluation Programme ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Small Plot

Stylosanthes species have featured prominantly in the forage evaluation programme at Kaduna in the subhumid zone of Nigeria. This paper describes the evaluation of an Australian collection of 163 S. hamata accessions using small plot observations, agronomic trials, and assessment of the effects of selected accessions on maize production. Accessions comparable, or superior, to S. hamata cv. Verano, which is currently used for pasture developments, include ILCA 15876 (CPI 110073) and ILCA 15868 (CPI 110063), both of which remained greener in the dry season and had higher biomass yields.

Herbage yields of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) accessions in a humid tropical environment as affected by pruning management

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cobbina
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYTwelve accessions of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) were grown on an Alfisol in a humid ecozone in Nigeria in 1989. At 4 and 8 months after planting (MAP), the primary growth was cut to determine the effect of age at first pruning on stump survival and coppice regrowth, and also on total herbage yield in a 12-month pruning cycle. It was clear that a height of 3 m or more is adequate for pigeonpea to receive its first cut with only 10% stool mortalities. Cutting the primary shoot at 8 MAP (in the dry season) ensured greater stump survival and also stimulated rapid coppice shoot regrowth, indicating the advantage of coppicing in the dry season and also at maturity. The total leaf and wood dry matter (DM) production in a 12-month cycle is greatest if the primary shoot was first cut at 8 MAP. This suggests that allowing the trees to become established is beneficial in the pruning management of pigeonpea. Accessions 11563 and 11575 have the ability to produce 7 t/ha of leaf DM from two prunings when first cut at 8 MAP, and significantly outperformed the local variety. The study revealed that pigeonpea does not coppice well and its biomass yields are much lower than that of Leucaena leucocephala.

scholarly journals The effect of foliar fertilization on the yield and quality parameters of maize grain

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Péter Jakab ◽  
Gábor Zoltán ◽  
Dávid Festő ◽  
Levente Komarek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Scientific Results

In our small plot experiment, we examined the effect foliar fertilization on the yield and quality parameters of maize grain in 2016. The experiment was set in three replications, random blocks on the area of Tangazdaság Ltd. in Hódmezővásárhely. The soil of the experiment was meadow chernozem. We sprayed out three different foliar fertilizer products individually and combined with each other as well, so there were six treatments and the control to be examined. The year 2016 was favourable for maize production. In 2016 the amount of precipitation in the vegetative period of corn was higher by 23.7 mm than the average. We processed the obtained data by single factor variant analysis. We obtained 11.37 t/ha in control treatment, and with the foliar fertilization the yield ranged between 11.61-12.86 t/ha. The foliar fertilization products increased the yield of corn, but this difference was not significant. By the application of foliar fertilization, the qualty parameters of maize grain improved in many cases. Our scientific results proved, that foliar fertilization had god effect on the yield and quality parameters of maize.

RELATIVE PALATABILITY AND SEASONAL AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PASTURE LEGUMES FOR SPECIES MIXTURES IN DRY-SUBHUMID WEST AFRICA

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PETERS ◽  
S. A. TARAWALI ◽  
R. SCHULTZE-KRAFT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Relative Palatability

Relative palatability and some agronomic traits were studied for nine legumes including Aeschynomene histrix, Centrosema brasilianum (two accessions), Centrosema pascuorum, Chamaecrista rotundifolia, Stylosanthes guianensis (two accessions) and Stylosanthes hamata (two accessions). All species were consumed by cattle but the relative palatability varied according to season. Only the two S. guianensis accessions were positively selected throughout the year. A positive relationship was established between the ability to retain green leaves in the dry season and palatability. Once established, the two C. brasilianum accessions out-performed the other legumes in their ability to stay green and retain leaves in the dry season; related to the ability to retain green leaves under drought conditions, C. brasilianum ILRI 155 was among the most palatable legumes in the dry season. S. guianensis accessions had the highest dry matter (DM) yields and one of them (ILRI 15557) had the highest nutritive value. In contrast with earlier results in the same environment, C. rotundifolia and A. histrix performed poorly in terms of DM productivity. The implications of the agronomic characteristics of the legumes for the management of legume-based pastures in crop/livestock systems are discussed and the concept of legume–legume mixtures, composed of several compatible species, is advocated.

Supplementation of steers grazing Stylosanthes hamata pastures at Katherine, Northern Territory

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Winter
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

Native perennial grass pastures were oversown with Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano at 3 fertility levels, i.e, without fertiliser or with suboptimal levels of superphosphate or rock phosphate. Brahman steers, of varying ages, grazed the pastures and their responses to fertility level and direct supplementation with phosphorus and sulfur were determined over 4 years. Phosphorus supplementation doubled liveweight gains during the early and late wet season periods to about 0.9 and 0-7 kg/day, respectively. Pasture fertility level did not affect gains in the early wet season in most years but superphosphate increased the late wet season gains by about 0.1 kg/day. Small weight losses usually occurred in all treatments during the early dry season, with losses increasing with animal age. Weight losses were highest during the late dry season, particularly for the older, phosphorus supplemented, steers. This response was attributed to size rather than to age or supplementation per se. Sulfur supplementation had no effect upon liveweight gain or upon the pastures at any time. In unfertilised pastures, Verano increased to about 25% of the dry matter composition whilst pastures fertilised with superphosphate and rock phosphate became legume dominant after 2 and 3 years, respectively. Fertiliser also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur concentrations in the forage, particularly the Verano, with superphosphate more effective than rock phosphate. In pastures where steers were supplemented with phosphorus there was a higher proportion of the naturalised legume Alysicarpus vaginalis and a lesser quantity of forage on offer. Blood inorganic phosphate and rib cortical thickness were reliable indicators of responsiveness of steers to phosphorus supplementation when measured during, or immediately after, the period of active growth.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of the Alien Invasive Insect Pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Manica Province, Central Mozambique

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Albasini Caniço ◽  
António Mexia ◽  
Luisa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Methods Of Control

The alien invasive insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly referred to as fall armyworm (FAW), is causing significant losses to maize production in Africa since its detection in 2016. Despite being the primary insect pest of the main food crop in the country, researchers have concentrated their efforts on methods of control, and there are no published studies on its seasonality which could assist farmers in delivering effective methods of control in periods of heavy infestations. The primary goal of this study was to assess the seasonal dynamics of FAW in maize fields. We conducted a field survey from May to August 2019 (dry season of the 2018/2019 cropping season) and in December 2019 and January 2020 (rainy season of the 2019/2020 cropping season) in 622 maize fields. In each field, 20 plants were selected in a “W” pattern and checked for the presence of FAW egg masses and/or larvae. Plants were also assessed for damage. Preliminary results show increased infestation, damages, and population density of FAW in the dry season. Our results suggest that early planting of maize in the primary cropping season may significantly reduce the infestation and damage by FAW when compared to the dry season.

Agronomic benefits and risks associated with the irrigated peanut–maize production system under a changing climate in northern Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Peter Thorburn ◽  
Jody S. Biggs ◽  
Graeme C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Increased Temperature

With the aim of increasing peanut production in Australia, the Australian peanut industry has recently considered growing peanuts in rotation with maize at Katherine in the Northern Territory—a location with a semi-arid tropical climate and surplus irrigation capacity. We used the well-validated APSIM model to examine potential agronomic benefits and long-term risks of this strategy under the current and warmer climates of the new region. Yield of the two crops, irrigation requirement, total soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were simulated. Sixteen climate stressors were used; these were generated by using global climate models ECHAM5, GFDL2.1, GFDL2.0 and MRIGCM232 with a median sensitivity under two Special Report of Emissions Scenarios over the 2030 and 2050 timeframes plus current climate (baseline) for Katherine. Effects were compared at three levels of irrigation and three levels of N fertiliser applied to maize grown in rotations of wet-season peanut and dry-season maize (WPDM), and wet-season maize and dry-season peanut (WMDP). The climate stressors projected average temperature increases of 1°C to 2.8°C in the dry (baseline 24.4°C) and wet (baseline 29.5°C) seasons for the 2030 and 2050 timeframes, respectively. Increased temperature caused a reduction in yield of both crops in both rotations. However, the overall yield advantage of WPDM increased from 41% to up to 53% compared with the industry-preferred sequence of WMDP under the worst climate projection. Increased temperature increased the irrigation requirement by up to 11% in WPDM, but caused a smaller reduction in total SOC accumulation and smaller increases in N losses and GHG emission compared with WMDP. We conclude that although increased temperature will reduce productivity and total SOC accumulation, and increase N losses and GHG emissions in Katherine or similar northern Australian environments, the WPDM sequence should be preferable over the industry-preferred sequence because of its overall yield and sustainability advantages in warmer climates. Any limitations of irrigation resulting from climate change could, however, limit these advantages.

scholarly journals Investigation of Foliar Fertilization in Maize Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Jakab ◽  
Gábor Zoltán ◽  
Dávid Festő ◽  
Levente Komarek
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Foliar Fertilisation

Abstract The experiment was designed to study the effect of foliar fertilisation on the yield and some generative factors of maize in 2016. It was set on the territory of SZTE Tangazdaság Ltd in Hódmezővásárhely meadow chernozem soil. Three different foliar fertilizer products were applied in three replication randomised small plot experiment. The products were sprayed out individually and combined with each other as well, so there were six treatments and the control. In 2016 the amount of precipitation in the vegetation period of maize was higher than the average by 23.7 mm. Therefore this year was favourable for maize production. The data obtained during the experiment were processed by single factor variant analysis. Owing to the favourable dispersion of rainfall in the vegetative period of maize, the yields were relatively high. The average yield harvested from the control plots was 11.37 t/ha, and that of the treated parcels ranged from 11.61 and 12.86 t/ha. The foliar fertilizer products and their combinations increased the yield of maize, but this growing was not significant. By the using of foliar fertilization the generative factors of maize did not change significantly.

Changes in germinable seed levels in soil beneath pastures near Townsville, North Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Germinable Seed

Germinable seed levels in the soil at the start of the growing season were measured in pasture plots near Townsville for 5 years from 1978. The plots were sown to Urochloa and Stylosanthes species and were either grazed by steers throughout the year or during the dry season only. For 1 pasture, additional measurements were made of the distribution of seeds with depth in the soil and of variation throughout the year in seed levels. There were seeds of 88 species in the soil, although many (49%) were present in only small numbers (< 10/m2). The most common were Fimbristylis spp., Stylosanthes hamata, Hedyotis galioides, Echinochloa colona, Sporobolus australasicus, Eragrostis spp., Epaltes australis, and Phyllanthus tenellus. Total seed numbers ranged from 11 000 to 36 000 per m2; the plots grazed throughout the year had more seeds in 1981, but all other year-grazing regime combinations were not significantly different. For individual species there was more variation, and the differences between years were much greater than were those between grazing regimes. There was little or no relationship between seed numbers and pasture composition and yield. More than 90% of the seeds were in the top 5 cm for all plant groups (legumes, grasses, sedges and forbs). Patterns of change during the year in germinable seed numbers were observed in 7 species. Seed numbers were at their maximum in all species at the start of the growing season. In 2 species (S. hamata and E. australis), there were always some seeds present, but, in the other 5 (E. colona, Alternanthera sp., Bacopa floribunda, Fimbristylis spp. and H. galioides), seed was not detected in at least 1 of the years.

Diet selection and liveweight performance of steers on Stylosanthes hamata-native grass pastures

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Gardener
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Native Pasture

Diet selection in S. hamata-native grass pastures was studied over 25 months at Lansdown, north Queensland, In oesophageally fistulated steers. The results were uscd to interpret the relationship between winter rainfall and liveweight gain of steers on pastures with and without S. hamata. Steers selected green grass leaf early in the wet season (December-February), but preferred S. hamata in March when stem elongation and flowering occurred in the native grasses. They then continued to eat a high proportion of legume during the dry season until rain fell. At Lansdown, this may occur from 4 to 23 weeks after the pastures hay off. After the rain, the steers ignored the large bulk of mouldy dry legume, selecting instead both green and dry grass. Seed and green leaf of S. hamata made their greatest contribution to the diet at the end of the wet season when retained on the standing plant and easily accessible to cattle. Small amounts of seed and dried leaf were licked off the ground before rain fell. The nitrogen content of the diet in the S. hamata-native grass pastures rose to a peak in April and did not fall below 1.0% during the study. The level in July was twice that recorded for the native pasture. Cattle gained weight during the wet season at a similar rate for all pastures. After March steers on S. hamata-native pasture continued to gain weight longer onto the dry season than those on native pasture in three out of four years. Much of the additional weight gains of steers on S. hamata were lost with the advent of winter rain, especially at the high stocking rate from which the perennial grass component had been lost. The value of S. hamata cv. Verano in the greatly differing climatic environments existing in northern Australia is considered.

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