scholarly journals Inorganic arsenic and iron(II) distributions in sediment porewaters investigated by a combined DGT–colourimetric DET technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Bennett ◽  
Peter R. Teasdale ◽  
David T. Welsh ◽  
Jared G. Panther ◽  
Ryan R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
New Approach ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sediment Porewaters

Environmental contextContamination of aquatic ecosystems with inorganic arsenic is a concern for both environmental and human health. Sediments are an important sink for dissolved arsenic, but they may also act as a source of arsenic because of human-induced changes in aquatic systems. This paper describes a new approach for investigating the status of inorganic arsenic in sediments, based on recent developments in diffusion-based sediment sampling techniques. AbstractA new approach for investigating the biogeochemistry of inorganic arsenic and iron(II) in freshwater, estuarine and marine sediments is reported. The recently developed Metsorb diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for the measurement of total inorganic arsenic and the colourimetric diffusive equilibration in thin films (DET) technique for the measurement of iron(II), were utilised in combination to determine co-located depth profiles of both solutes in sediment porewaters. DGT-measured porewater arsenic concentrations were typically less than 40 nM, whereas iron(II) concentrations reached up to 704 µM. Statistically significant (P < 0.0002) correlations between porewater arsenic and iron(II) profiles were observed (R > 0.92) in mesocosms of each sediment type. This approach to investigating arsenic and iron geochemistry in sediments allows the in-situ determination of arsenic and iron species at exactly the same location in the sediment at 3-mm resolution for arsenic and 1-mm resolution for iron(II). The technique was capable of detecting very low concentrations of arsenic, with a detection limit of 0.27 nM (0.02 µg L–1) for a 48-h deployment time. Porewater iron(II), which is often present over a wide range of concentrations, was detectable up to 2000 µM. This study shows the application of these recently developed DGT and DET techniques for the in-situ investigation of inorganic arsenic and iron biogeochemistry in sediments. This approach has the potential to enable simple, yet highly representative assessment of the biogeochemical status of arsenic and iron in a variety of natural sediments, including groundwater sediments where mobilised arsenic is responsible for significant human health risks.

IN SITU INVESTIGATION OF RETENTION PROPERTIES OF POLYDOMAIN FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS BY MULTIMODE SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longhai Wang ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Huizhong Zeng ◽  
Yunbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Force Microscopy ◽  
Ferroelectric Thin Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Scanning Force

scholarly journals In situ investigation of annealing effect on lamellar stacking structure of polyethylene thin films by synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (s1) ◽  
pp. s642-s644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sono Sasaki ◽  
Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽  
Hiroo Tajiri ◽  
Katsuaki Inoue ◽  
Hiroshi Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Annealing Effect ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Stacking Structure

scholarly journals Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of PET Fabric/PVC Composites Enhanced by SiO2/Tributyl Citrate Hybrid Sizing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Dandan Pu ◽  
Fuyao Liu ◽  
Yubing Dong ◽  
Qingqing Ni ◽  
Yaqin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pet Fabric ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peeling Strength ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites have a wide range of applications, but the interface bonding of PET fabric/PVC composites has remained a challenge. In this work, a new in-situ SiO2/tributyl citrate sizing agent was synthesized according to the principle of “similar compatibility.” The developed sizing agent was used as a PET surface modifier to enhance the interfacial performance of PET fabric/PVC composites. The morphology and structure of the PET filaments, the wettability and tensile properties of the PET fabric, the interfacial adhesion, and the tensile and tearing properties of the PET fabric/PVC composites were investigated. Experimental results showed that many SiO2 nanoparticles were scattered on the surface of the modified PET filaments. Moreover, the surface roughness of the modified PET filaments remarkably increased in comparison with that of the untreated PET filaments. The contact angle of the modified PET filaments was also smaller than that of the untreated ones. The peeling strength of the modified PET fabrics/PVC composites was 0.663 N/mm, which increased by 62.50% in comparison with the peeling strength of the untreated ones (0.408 N/mm). This work provides a new approach to the surface modification of PET and improves the properties of PET fabric/PVC composites.

Differential alternating current chip calorimeter for in situ investigation of vapor-deposited thin films

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 033902 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahrenberg ◽  
E. Shoifet ◽  
K. R. Whitaker ◽  
H. Huth ◽  
M. D. Ediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
In Situ Investigation

In-situ investigation of laser ablation of thin films

1995 ◽  
Vol 254 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthias ◽  
J. Siegel ◽  
S. Petzoldt ◽  
M. Reichling ◽  
H. Skurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
In Situ Investigation

Hybrid perovskite solar cells: In situ investigation of solution-processed PbI2 reveals metastable precursors and a pathway to producing porous thin films

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1899-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dounya Barrit ◽  
Arif D. Sheikh ◽  
Rahim Munir ◽  
Jérémy M. Barbé ◽  
Ruipeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Porous Thin Films ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

In-Situ investigation of Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Epitaxial System Pd(111)/Fe(110) on W(110) by Means of Brillouin Spectroscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Baumgart ◽  
B. Hillebrands ◽  
J. V. Harzer ◽  
G. Güntherodt
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Spin Wave ◽  
Magnetic Film ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Brillouin Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Surface Spin ◽  
Magnetostatic Spin Waves

The in-situ observation of magnetostatic spin waves by Brillouin spectroscopy offers a versatile dynamical probe for the investigation of magnetic properties of thin films. The measured spin wave spectra of thin films contain a variety of information about their magnetic as well as structural properties. The frequency of a spin wave allows to determine, e.g., the g-factor, the magnetic anisotropy constants and also the saturation magnetization. The spectral line shape allows conclusions about the film quality, i.e., steps or islands. Furthermore, the unidirectional propagation of the surface spin wave with respect to the magnetization allows to measure the coercitivity field of a film. The latter can be used as an additional characterization parameter of a magnetic film.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF WEATHERING DAMAGE ON STONE MONUMENTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jürgen Fitzner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract: Stone monuments represent an important part of our world´s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on monuments and the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage have resulted in great efforts worldwide for sustainable monument preservation. A precise damage diagnosis with the comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of stone damage represents the basis for effective and economic monument preservation measures. The experienced methodological approach to the assessment of stone damage combines in situ investigation and laboratory studies. The monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied to all stone types and to all kinds of stone monuments. The use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for the registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damage is explained. Furthermore, complementary in situ measurements are discussed. A wide range of analytical procedures and weathering simulation tests contribute to modern damage diagnosis on stone monuments.Keywords: damage, stone, monumentsResumo: INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE DANOS DO INTEMPERISMO PARA MONUMENTOS EM PEDRA. Os monumentos em pedra representam uma parte importante do patrimônio cultural do mundo. A consciência do aumento dos danos causados ao material pétreo nesses monumentos e o perigo de perda irrecuperável desse património resultaram em grandes esforços a nível mundial para a preservação sustentável desses monumentos. Um diagnóstico preciso de danos com a caracterização, interpretação e avaliação abrangentes desses danos causados às pedras representa a base para a adoção de medidas de conservação eficazes e econômicas. A abordagem metodológica a ser adotada para a avaliação desses danos deve combinar a investigação in situ e estudos laboratoriais. Nessa abordagem o mapeamento de monumentos é apresentado como um procedimento não destrutivo estabelecido para os estudos in situ sobre danos causados às pedras, podendo ser aplicado a todos os tipos de pedra e a todos os tipos de monumentos construídos com a pedra. Nesse trabalho, o uso de formas de intemperismo, categorias de danos e índices de danos para o registro, documentação, avaliação quantitativa e classificação de danos para a pedra é explicado. Além disso, discutem-se medidas complementares a serem adotadas in situ. Uma ampla gama de procedimentos analíticos e testes de simulação de meteorização contribuem para o diagnóstico de danos modernos em monumentos construídos em pedra.Palavras Chave: dano, pedra, monumentos

In situ investigation of as grown Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by means of photoemission spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 031510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Calvet ◽  
Bünyamin Ümsür ◽  
Alexander Steigert ◽  
Karsten Prietzel ◽  
Dieter Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Investigation
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