scholarly journals Partial rootzone drying: regulation of stomatal aperture and carbon assimilation in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. de Souza ◽  
João P. Maroco ◽  
Tiago P. dos Santos ◽  
M. Lucília Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos M. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

The effects of 'partial rootzone drying' (PRD) irrigation compared with other irrigation systems, namely non-irrigated (NI), full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI), on stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation were evaluated in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscatel). At the end of the growing season, pre-dawn leaf water potential was highest in FI (–0.18 ± 0.01 MPa; mean ± s.e.), intermediate in PRD (–0.30�± 0.01 MPa) and DI (–0.36 ± 0.02 MPa), and lowest in NI vines (–0.64 ± 0.03 MPa). Stomatal conductance measured under controlled conditions of light and temperature was reduced in NI (ca 60%) and PRD (ca 30%) vines compared with DI and FI vines. Under ambient conditions, NI vines had lower rates of stomatal conductance (ca��26%), net CO2 assimilation (ca 28%) and light-adapted PSII quantum yields (ca 47%) than PRD, DI and FI vines. No significant differences were found among the three irrigated treatments. Both maximum electron transport rate (Jmax; ca 30%) and triose-phosphate utilization rates (TPU; ca 20%) were significantly lower in NI and PRD vines than in DI and FI vines. Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of grape berries was highest in NI vines (–24.3‰), followed by PRD (–25.4‰) and DI (–25.8‰) and lowest in FI (–26.4‰) vines, suggesting a long-term increase in the efficiency of leaf gas exchange in NI compared with PRD, DI and FI vines. Sap-flow data and estimates of relative stomatal limitation are in accordance with the observed stomatal closure in PRD vines. In this study, we show that PRD irrigation was able to maintain a vine water status closed to FI, but with double water use efficiency, which was due to a reduction of stomatal conductance with no significant decrease in carbon assimilation.

scholarly journals A continuum of stomatal responses to water deficits among 17 wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Levin ◽  
Larry E. Williams ◽  
Mark A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Stomatal Conductance

Vitis vinifera L. cultivars have been previously classified as isohydric, near-isohydric, anisohydric or isohydrodynamic, depending on the study. To test the hypothesis that V. vinifera cultivars’ stomatal behaviour can be separated into distinct classes, 17 cultivars grown in a replicated field trial were subjected to three irrigation treatments to manipulate vine water status across multiple years. Predawn (ΨPD) and midday (Ψl) leaf water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gs) were measured regularly throughout several seasons. The relationship of gs to Ψl was best modelled as a sigmoidal function and maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), water status at the onset of stomatal closure (Ψl95), sensitivity of closure (gsensitivity) and water status at the end of closure (Ψl25) were compared. There were no significant differences in gmax among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of gs to Ψl were broadly distributed along a continuum based on the relationship between Ψl95 and gsensitivity. Season-long cultivar mean Ψl values were positively related to Ψl25. In general, cultivars responded similarly to one another at high and low water status, but their stomatal behaviour differed at moderate water deficits. The results show that V. vinifera cultivars possess both iso- and anisohydric stomatal behaviours that depend on the intensity of water deficits, and call into question previous classifications assuming a single behaviour.

Exploring the sensitivity of thermal imaging for Plasmopara viticola pathogen detection in grapevines under different water status

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Stoll ◽  
Hans R. Schultz ◽  
Beate Berkelmann-Loehnertz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Stage Of Development

The effect on spatial variability of leaf temperature of inoculating grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) with a fungal pathogen (Plasmopara viticola) was studied in either well irrigated or non-irrigated plants. The results from thermal imagery were compared with stomatal conductance measured by leaf gas exchange. The high sensitivity of leaf temperature to stomatal conductance means that infrared thermography can be used to monitor irregularities in temperature at an early stage of development after either infection or other stress-related changes affecting the amount of water transpired. Contrasting thermal effects due to the pathogen attack were found between measurements on well irrigated and water stressed plants. With irrigated vines, pathogen development caused an increase in leaf temperature at the point of infection. In contrast, under severe water stress, the inoculated plants showed a lower temperature at the sites of inoculation compared with the rest of the leaf. Analysis of the spatial and temporal sensitivity of the temperature profile, obtained from the deviation of individual pixels from the mean along a straight line, successfully distinguished between healthy and infected positions on the leaf irrespective of the plant water status. Under greenhouse conditions and for predefined areas of the leaf surface, evidence was also acquired for characteristic thermal responses to be apparent not later than 4 days past inoculation; that is, at least 3 days before visible symptoms appeared. Thus, early and remote detection using thermal imagery has the potential for pre-symptomatic diagnosis of biotic stress.

The influence of water stress on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) shoots in a cool, humid climate: growth, gas exchange and hydraulics

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Pagay ◽  
Vivian Zufferey ◽  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Short Shoots

Recent climatic trends of higher average temperatures and erratic precipitation patterns are resulting in decreased soil moisture availability and, consequently, periods of water stress. We studied the effects of seasonal water stress on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling grafted onto 101–14 (Vitis riparia Michx.×Vitis rupestris Scheele) rootstock) shoot growth, leaf gas exchange, xylem morphology and hydraulic performance in the cool-climate Finger Lakes region of New York. A plastic rain exclusion tarp was installed on the vineyard floor to create a soil moisture deficit and consequently induce vine water stress. Weekly measurements of predawn leaf and midday stem water potentials (Ψmd) were made, and two contrasting shoot length classes, long (length >2.0m) and short (length <1.0m), were monitored. Growth of both long and short shoots was positively correlated with Ψmd but no difference in water status was found between the two. Compared with rain-fed vines, water-stressed vines had lower photosynthesis and stomatal conductance later in the season when Ψmd dropped below –1.2MPa. Long shoots had three-fold higher xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity values than short shoots. Long shoots experiencing water stress were less vulnerable to xylem cavitation than shorter shoots even though they had more large-diameter vessels. The lower vulnerability to cavitation of long shoots may be attributed to less xylem intervessel pitting being found in long shoots, consistent with the air-seeding hypothesis, and suggests that a hydraulic advantage enables them to maintain superior growth and productivity under water stress.

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

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