scholarly journals Transcriptome analyses and virus induced gene silencing identify genes in the Rpp4-mediated Asian soybean rust resistance pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguida M. A. P. Morales ◽  
Jamie A. O'Rourke ◽  
Martijn van de Mortel ◽  
Katherine T. Scheider ◽  
Timothy J. Bancroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Defence Responses

Rpp4 (Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi 4) confers resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR). By combining expression profiling and virus induced gene silencing (VIGS), we are developing a genetic framework for Rpp4-mediated resistance. We measured gene expression in mock-inoculated and P. pachyrhizi-infected leaves of resistant soybean accession PI459025B (Rpp4) and the susceptible cultivar (Williams 82) across a 12-day time course. Unexpectedly, two biphasic responses were identified. In the incompatible reaction, genes induced at 12 h after infection (hai) were not differentially expressed at 24 hai, but were induced at 72 hai. In contrast, genes repressed at 12 hai were not differentially expressed from 24 to 144 hai, but were repressed 216 hai and later. To differentiate between basal and resistance-gene (R-gene) mediated defence responses, we compared gene expression in Rpp4-silenced and empty vector-treated PI459025B plants 14 days after infection (dai) with P. pachyrhizi. This identified genes, including transcription factors, whose differential expression is dependent upon Rpp4. To identify differentially expressed genes conserved across multiple P. pachyrhizi resistance pathways, Rpp4 expression datasets were compared with microarray data previously generated for Rpp2 and Rpp3-mediated defence responses. Fourteen transcription factors common to all resistant and susceptible responses were identified, as well as fourteen transcription factors unique to R-gene-mediated resistance responses. These genes are targets for future P. pachyrhizi resistance research.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of the Asian Soybean Rust Resistance Pathway Mediated by Rpp2

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Pandey ◽  
Chunling Yang ◽  
Chunquan Zhang ◽  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Heidi D. Horstman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Resistance Pathway

Asian soybean rust is an aggressive foliar disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. On susceptible plants, the pathogen penetrates and colonizes leaf tissue, resulting in the formation of necrotic lesions and the development of numerous uredinia. The soybean Rpp2 gene confers resistance to specific isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Rpp2-mediated resistance limits the growth of the pathogen and is characterized by the formation of reddish-brown lesions and few uredinia. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we screened 140 candidate genes to identify those that play a role in Rpp2 resistance toward P. pachyrhizi. Candidate genes included putative orthologs to known defense-signaling genes, transcription factors, and genes previously found to be upregulated during the Rpp2 resistance response. We identified 11 genes that compromised Rpp2-mediated resistance when silenced, including GmEDS1, GmNPR1, GmPAD4, GmPAL1, five predicted transcription factors, an O-methyl transferase, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Together, our results provide new insight into the signaling and biochemical pathways required for resistance against P. pachyrhizi.

scholarly journals Distinct Biphasic mRNA Changes in Response to Asian Soybean Rust Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn van de Mortel ◽  
Justin C. Recknor ◽  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Dan Nettleton ◽  
Jaime D. Dittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is now established in all major soybean-producing countries. Currently, there is little information about the molecular basis of ASR–soybean interactions, which will be needed to assist future efforts to develop effective resistance. Toward this end, abundance changes of soybean mRNAs were measured over a 7-day ASR infection time course in mock-inoculated and infected leaves of a soybean accession (PI230970) carrying the Rpp2 resistance gene and a susceptible genotype (Embrapa-48). The expression profiles of differentially expressed genes (ASR-infected compared with the mock-inoculated control) revealed a biphasic response to ASR in each genotype. Within the first 12 h after inoculation (hai), which corresponds to fungal germination and penetration of the epidermal cells, differential gene expression changes were evident in both genotypes. mRNA expression of these genes mostly returned to levels found in mock-inoculated plants by 24 hai. In the susceptible genotype, gene expression remained unaffected by rust infection until 96 hai, a time period when rapid fungal growth began. In contrast, gene expression in the resistant genotype diverged from the mock-inoculated control earlier, at 72 h, demonstrating that Rpp2-mediated defenses were initiated prior to this time. These data suggest that ASR initially induces a non-specific response that is transient or is suppressed when early steps in colonization are completed in both soybean genotypes. The race-specific resistance phenotype of Rpp2 is manifested in massive gene expression changes after the initial response prior to the onset of rapid fungal growth that occurs in the susceptible genotype.

scholarly journals Resistance to Asian soybean rust in soybean lines with the pyramided three Rpp genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamanaka ◽  
Noelle G Lemos ◽  
Miori Uno ◽  
Hajime Akamatsu ◽  
Yuichi Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
High Level

In this study, the influence of genetic background on the resistance level of a soybean line carrying Rpp2, Rpp4, and Rpp5 was evaluated by backcrossing it with a susceptible variety. It was also evaluated eight lines which carry these Rpp genes against five Asian soybean rust (ASR) isolates, in order to determine the likely range of resistance against ASR isolates differing in pathogenicity. The results indicated that a high level of resistance against various ASR isolates could be retained in lines carrying the three Rpp genes in susceptible genetic backgrounds, although minor influences of plant genetic background and ASR pathogenicity to the ASR resistance could occur. Thus, lines with the pyramided three Rpp genes should be effective against a complex pathogen population consisting of diverse Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates.

scholarly journals Characterization of three soybean landraces resistant to Asian soybean rust disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Nobuhiro Aoyagi ◽  
Yukie Muraki ◽  
Naoki Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
The World ◽  
Trait Locus

Abstract Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes Asian soybean rust (ASR) disease. ASR control primarily involves chemical control and the use of resistant soybean cultivars carrying an Rpp (resistance to P. pachyrhizi) gene. This study aimed to characterize the ASR resistance of three soybean Asian landraces. By screening the world core collection (WC) of soybean, which consists of 80 varieties, three landraces were identified in Southeast Asia as resistant to ASR. Genetic mapping using the F2 population derived from a cross with an ASR-susceptible variety, BRS 184, indicated that KS 1034 (WC2) has ASR resistance conferred by a single dominant resistance gene, mapped on chromosome 18, in the same region where Rpp1 was mapped previously. The BRS 184 × WC61 (COL/THAI/1986/THAI-80) F2 population, on the other hand, showed an ASR resistance locus mapped by quantitative trait locus analysis on chromosome 6, in the region where the resistance conferred by PI 416764 Rpp3 resides, with a logarithm of the odds score peak at the same position as the marker, Satt079, while the BRS 184 × WC51 (HM 39) population showed the resistance to ASR allocated between Satt079 and Sat_263 markers, also in the region where Rpp3 was mapped previously. Both WC51 and WC61 have the same infection profile as FT-2 and PI 462312 when tested against the same ASR isolate panel. These three WCs can be used in MAS programs for introgression of Rpp1 and Rpp3 and the development of ASR-resistant cultivars in the breeding program.

scholarly journals Models and applications for risk assessment and prediction of Asian soybean rust epidemics

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson M. Del Ponte ◽  
Cláudia V. Godoy ◽  
Marcelo G. Canteri ◽  
Erlei M. Reis ◽  
X.B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
New Development ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Favorable Weather

Asian rust of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] is one of the most important fungal diseases of this crop worldwide. The recent introduction of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd in the Americas represents a major threat to soybean production in the main growing regions, and significant losses have already been reported. P. pachyrhizi is extremely aggressive under favorable weather conditions, causing rapid plant defoliation. Epidemiological studies, under both controlled and natural environmental conditions, have been done for several decades with the aim of elucidating factors that affect the disease cycle as a basis for disease modeling. The recent spread of Asian soybean rust to major production regions in the world has promoted new development, testing and application of mathematical models to assess the risk and predict the disease. These efforts have included the integration of new data, epidemiological knowledge, statistical methods, and advances in computer simulation to develop models and systems with different spatial and temporal scales, objectives and audience. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on the models and systems that have been tested to predict and assess the risk of Asian soybean rust. Limitations, uncertainties and challenges for modelers are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Gene Expression Changes in the Blood of Individuals Consuming Diets Supplemented with Olives, Nuts or Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Virginie Bottero ◽  
Judith A. Potashkin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Long Chain

Background: The Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish, is considered healthy and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Methods: Here, we compared the transcriptome from the blood of subjects with diets supplemented with olives, nuts, or long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and identified the genes differentially expressed. The dietary genes obtained were subjected to network analysis to determine the main pathways, as well as the transcription factors and microRNA interaction networks to elucidate their regulation. Finally, a gene-associated disease interaction network was performed. Results: We identified several genes whose expression is altered after the intake of components of the Mediterranean diets compared to controls. These genes were associated with infection and inflammation. Transcription factors and miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of the dietary genes. Interestingly, caspase 1 and sialophorin are differentially expressed in the opposite direction after the intake of supplements compared to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In addition, ten transcription factors were identified that regulated gene expression in supplemented diets, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: We identified genes whose expression is altered after the intake of the supplements as well as the transcription factors and miRNAs involved in their regulation. These genes are associated with schizophrenia, neoplasms, and rheumatic arthritis, suggesting that the Mediterranean diet may be beneficial in reducing these diseases. In addition, the results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may also be beneficial in reducing the risk of dementia.

Asian soybean rust: a scientometric approach of Phakopsora pachyrhizi studies

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Leomar Guilherme Woyann ◽  
Antonio Henrique Bozi ◽  
Anderson Simionato Milioli ◽  
Eduardo Beche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust
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