Phylogenetic relationships and description of Bolivar, a new genus of Neotropical doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón ◽  
Andrea Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Carlos E. Sarmiento ◽  
Carlos Pedraza-Lara ◽  
E. Karen López-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
South American Origin

Metasomal elongation is a common feature in species of various parasitoid Hymenoptera, probably due to adaptive morphological convergence to similar parasitoid strategies. The braconid subfamily Doryctinae is perhaps where this feature has evolved the most times independently. Here we recognise a new Neotropical doryctine wasp genus with a petiolate first metasomal tergum, based on molecular and morphological analysis. The phylogenetic affinities of the new genus within Doryctinae and the relationships among six of its described and three potentially cryptic, undescribed species were reconstructed using sequence data from three genes, wingless, 28SrDNA and COI. The new genus is resolved in a clade together with Semirhytus Szépligeti, Johnsonius Marsh and Parallorhogas Marsh. These four genera share vein m-cu of the hind wing slightly curved distally and the propodeum with a distinct lateral and median longitudinal carina and an apical areola. The relationships recovered among the examined species suggest a South American origin for the new genus and its subsequent diversification into Central America and Mexico. Described as Bolivar, gen. nov., this new taxon comprises eight species, two species previously placed within Notiospathius Matthews & Marsh, B. ornaticornis (Cameron), comb. nov., and B. bribri (Marsh), comb. nov., and six new species (B. ecuadorensis, sp. nov., B. helmuthi, sp. nov., B. pittieri, sp. nov., B. risaraldae, sp. nov., B. teres, sp. nov. and B. tuxtlae, sp. nov.).

Rediscovery of Choroterpes atramentum in Costa Rica, type species of Tikuna new genus (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae), and its role in the "Great American Inter-change"

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 932 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRY M. SAVAGE ◽  
R. WILLS FLOWERS ◽  
WENDY PORRAS V.
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Geological Formation

A new genus, Tikuna, is described based on recent collections of adults and nymphs of Choroterpes atramentum Traver from western Costa Rica. All recent collections are from streams on or near the Nicoya Complex, the oldest geological formation in Lower Central America. Tikuna belongs to a lineage of South American Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) whose origin is hypothesized to have been in the late Cretaceous–early Tertiary. Some implications of the distribution of Tikuna for theories on the origin of Costa Rica’s biota are discussed.

A new genus and species of groundwater isopod of the family Protojaniridae (Isopoda: Asellota: Gnathostenetroidoidea) from southern Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4966 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-562
Author(s):  
JORGE PÉREZ-SCHULTHEISS ◽  
GEORGE D. F. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Apical Lobe ◽  
Antennal Scale ◽  
Freshwater Springs

A new asellotan isopod of the family Protojaniridae Fresi, Idato & Scipione, 1980 is described from freshwater springs in the Osorno province, Los Lagos region, southern Chile. Wiyufiloides osornoensis gen. & sp. n. is the third South American protojanirid species and the first known groundwater isopod in Chile. The new genus and species is principally characterized by the presence of a vestigial antennal scale, a strongly subchelate pereiopod I and the absence of an apical lobe on the protopod of pleopod II. The new taxon is described in detail and figures are given. 

scholarly journals Early Oligocene chinchilloid caviomorphs from Puerto Rico and the initial rodent colonization of the West Indies

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1920) ◽  
pp. 20192806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Marivaux ◽  
Jorge Vélez-Juarbe ◽  
Gilles Merzeraud ◽  
François Pujos ◽  
Lázaro W. Viñola López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Dispersal Events ◽  
South American Origin

By their past and present diversity, rodents are among the richest components of Caribbean land mammals. Many of these became extinct recently. Causes of their extirpation, their phylogenetic affinities, the timing of their arrival in the West Indies and their biogeographic history are all ongoing debated issues. Here, we report the discovery of dental remains from Lower Oligocene deposits ( ca 29.5 Ma) of Puerto Rico. Their morphology attests to the presence of two distinct species of chinchilloid caviomorphs, closely related to dinomyids in a phylogenetic analysis, and thus of undisputable South American origin. These fossils represent the earliest Caribbean rodents known thus far. They could extend back to 30 Ma the lineages of some recently extinct Caribbean giant rodents ( Elasmodontomys and Amblyrhiza ), which are also retrieved here as chinchilloids. This new find has substantial biogeographic implications because it demonstrates an early dispersal of land mammals from South America to the West Indies, perhaps via the emergence of the Aves Ridge that occurred ca 35–33 Ma (GAARlandia hypothesis). Considering both this new palaeontological evidence and recent molecular divergence estimates, the natural colonization of the West Indies by rodents probably occurred through multiple and time-staggered dispersal events (chinchilloids, then echimyid octodontoids (spiny rats/hutias), caviids and lastly oryzomyin muroids (rice rats)).

Mimaporia, a new genus of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4254 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-HSUAN WEI ◽  
SHEN-HORN YEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based. 

scholarly journals Discovery of the first succulent bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) in a new genus from Laos’ karst areas, with a unique adaptation to seasonal drought

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Thomas Haevermans ◽  
Dulce Mantuano ◽  
Meng-Yuan Zhou ◽  
Vichith Lamxay ◽  
Agathe Haevermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Seasonal Drought ◽  
Paper Document ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Lush jungle flagship species, woody bamboos (Poaceae–Bambusoideae) are famed for their synchronous flowering as well as the extensive “bamboo forests” some species can form in tropical or temperate environments. In portions of their natural distribution, Bambusoideae members developed various adaptations to seasonality in environmental parameters, such as frost or seasonal drought. A new taxon, Laobambos calcareus, described here, is extremely novel in showing the first documented case of succulence in bamboos, with its ability to seasonally vary the volume of its stem depending on the quantity of water stored. Anatomical studies presented in this paper document this specificity at the cellular level. Though no flowers or fruits are known yet, unique morphological characteristics along with an investigation of its phylogenetic affinities using molecular data show that this new taxon should belong to a new genus herein described.

Revision of the South American genus Parorphula (Orthoptera: Acrididae; Hyalopterygini) with the description of a new genus

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Mariano Donato
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn this study Parorphula is re-described based on characters from the external morphology and genitalia. This genus comprised two species: P. pallidinota and P. latipennis, that were described based mostly on characters from external morphology. The morphological analysis conducted in this study plus the support of results from a cladistic analysis showed that external morphological characters justify the creation of a new genus for P. latipennis. Therefore, the genus Neorphula is proposed and the new combination is established.

scholarly journals A new enigmatic Late Miocene mylodontoid sloth from northern South America

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascanio D. Rincón ◽  
H. Gregory McDonald ◽  
Andrés Solórzano ◽  
Mónica Núñez Flores ◽  
Damián Ruiz-Ramoni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Discriminate Analysis ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

A new genus and species of sloth ( Eionaletherium tanycnemius gen. et sp. nov.) recently collected from the Late Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela (northern South America) is herein described based on a partial skeleton including associated femora and tibiae. In order to make a preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic affinities of this new sloth we performed a discriminate analysis based on several characters of the femur and tibia of selected Mylodontoidea and Megatherioidea sloths. The consensus tree produced indicates that the new sloth, E. tanycnemius , is a member of the Mylodontoidea. Surprisingly, the new taxon shows some enigmatic features among Neogene mylodontoid sloths, e.g. femur with a robust lesser trochanter that projects medially and the straight distinctly elongated tibia. The discovery of E. tanycnemius increases the diversity of sloths present in the Urumaco sequence to ten taxa. This taxon supports previous studies of the sloth assemblage from the Urumaco sequence as it further indicates that there are several sloth lineages present that are unknown from the better sampled areas of southern South America.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Ying-Gao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Genus

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

The phylogeny, biogeography and morphological evolution of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from Australia and New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Bush ◽  
Steven J. Wagstaff ◽  
Peter W. Fritsch ◽  
Kathleen A. Kron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Dispersal Events ◽  
South American Origin

Phylogenetic relationships within Gaultheria L. from Australia and New Zealand were examined by using DNA sequence data from matK, ndhF, nrITS, waxy and lfy. In the combined parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, all Australia/New Zealand species form a clade that is sister to a clade of temperate South American species. Optimisation of morphological characters that have been emphasised in classifications of Gaultheria onto the molecular phylogeny revealed that, within the Australia/New Zealand clade, non-fleshy fruiting calyces, berries and solitary-flowered inflorescences each evolved twice, from fleshy fruiting calyces, capsules and multiple-flowered inflorescences, respectively. A historical biogeographical analysis that included the temperate southern hemisphere element in Gaultheria supports a South American origin of the Australia/New Zealand clade, followed by three dispersal events from New Zealand to Australia. Whether the origin is from temperate or tropical South America is ambiguous in our analysis.

Graziacrophyma gen. nov., a new genus of South American Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
MARIOM A. CARVAJAL ◽  
EDUARDO I. FAÚNDEZ ◽  
DAVID A. RIDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
South American ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
New Material ◽  
Group A ◽  
A New Species

The genus Acrophyma Bergroth currently contains two species, the Andean A. cumingii (Westwood) and the Neotropical A. bicallosa (Stål). The examination of types and new material revealed that among the Neotropical species the Brazilian population differs from the Colombian, and the first one belongs to a new species in this group. A morphological analysis of the genus indicated the Neotropical species are different from the Andean species. According to the current most used generic characters in acanthosomatids, Neotropical species should be placed in a new genus. This is also supported by biogeographical relationships. New distributional records for the species of this group are provided. 

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