scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Graeme Nimmo ◽  
Geoffrey W Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
The Mean

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial pathogens of man, causing a variety of diseases from mild skin and soft-tissue infections to severe invasive infections with high mortality. In the healthcare setting it is the most frequent cause of surgical site, lower respiratory tract and cardiovascular infections and the second most common cause of blood stream infections and pneumonia. The ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobials, in particular the �-lactams, has become a major global problem. In the pre-antibiotic era, the mortality rate for severe staphylococcal sepsis was as high as 90%. In a recent meta-analysis of nine studies of S. aureus bacteraemia in the antibiotic era, although the mean mortality rate due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 12% (ranging from 0 to 38%), for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) the mean was 29% (ranging from 8 to 50%). Whilst estimates vary, the mortality associated with MRSA is on average twice that with MSSA.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infections in Cambodian adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. e437
Author(s):  
E. Vlieghe ◽  
T. Phe ◽  
M. Hallin ◽  
O. Denis ◽  
A. Deplano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Stream Infections

scholarly journals Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bassey Ewa Ekeng ◽  
Ubleni Ettah Emanghe ◽  
Bernard Ekpan Monjol ◽  
Anthony Achizie Iwuafor ◽  
Ernest Afu Ochang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Positive

Aim: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of causative microorganisms varies from one geographical region to another. This study was aimed at determining the etiological agents prevalent in our environment and their susceptibility profile. Study design: This is a retrospective study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood culture results of patients documented over a two-year period were retrieved and analyzed. Blood culture positive isolates were detected using conventional method and Oxoid signal blood culture systems. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Results: A total of 413 blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analyzed, of which 116 (28.09%) were identified as culture positive. Sixty-nine (59%) of the positive isolates were from female patients. Out of 116 positive cultures, 58.62% (68/116) were Gram positive organisms, 40.52% (47/116) were Gram negative organisms, non albicans Candida accounted for 0.86% (1/116).  Staphylococcus aureus (n=41, 35.3%) was the predominant isolate and showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin (100%), Linezolid (100%) and Amikacin (100%). Twelve isolates of S. aureus were methicillin resistant, while 1 isolate was inducible clindamycin resistant. Of the 116 isolates identified in this study, forty-three (43) were multidrug resistant with highest number of multidrug resistant isolates from Staphylococcus aureus (n=20). 21.28% (n=10) of the Gram-negative isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases. Conclusion: A high rate of antimicrobial resistance is observed among microorganisms causing blood stream infections. This emphasizes the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing in the management of blood stream infections.

scholarly journals Bacterial aerobic Bacteraemia at AL- Kindi Teaching Hospital 2007-2009: Etiology diversity, Clinical features, and Outcome.

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Suzan I. Majeed ◽  
Khawlah J. Khalaf ◽  
Mazin K. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Blood Samples

Data regarding the incidence, etiology and outcome of Bacteraemia taken from AL-Kindi hospital were collected, and compared the situation between the three years: 2007, 2008, 2009. A total number of blood samples was (505), from this number only (70) (13.8%) is positive. The rate of positivity was significant greater in 2009 (17.7%) than 2008 (11.8%) and 2007 (9.1%). The calculated incidence of significant episodes of bacteraemia was 12.6% .The five most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Salmonella typhi30(46.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (18.7%), Escherichia coli 10 (15.6%),Klebsiella 4(6.2%) and Enterobacter sp.3(4.6%) varied throughout this period, significant increase was noted in 2009. The acquisition of blood stream infections was nosocomial in 8.5% of cases.60% of Salmonella typhi were Amoxicillin resistant. Also Staph.aureus isolates, 58%were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin. Cephalexin-resistant E.coli in70% of the isolates and Gentamycin-resistant Klebsiella occurred in 75% of the isolates. The incidence of BSI did not differ significantly from other reported studies.

scholarly journals Panton–Valentine leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis of the adult tibia – a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. e17-e19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hall ◽  
JA Steer ◽  
J Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Musculoskeletal Infection ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Panton–Valentine leukocidin toxin producing Staphylococcus aureus (PVLSA) is known to be responsible for recurrent soft tissue infections and more serious invasive infections including necrotising pneumonia, pyomyositis, and osteomyelitis. Most reported cases involving musculoskeletal infection in adults are associated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) PVL-producing strains. We present the case of an adult male with PVL toxin–producing methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) osteomyelitis of the tibia which has not previously been described in adults and highlight issues of recognition, treatment, and surgical management of PVLSA osteomyelitis.

scholarly journals 207. High Severity and Mortality Due to Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections in a Colombian Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S122-S123
Author(s):  
Karen M Ordonez Diaz ◽  
Laura M Baron ◽  
Juan M Garcia ◽  
Edilberto Cristancho ◽  
John Alzate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Source Control ◽  
High Severity ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections are considered less severe than those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, we have observed an important increase in severe cases of invasive MSSA infections in a hospital in Pereira, Colombia. Here, we characterize the clinical outcomes and epidemiology of these infections. Methods We included adult and pediatric patients hospitalized between February 2018 and April 2019 presenting with invasive infections caused by MSSA. All isolates were sent to a central laboratory to confirm identification. We determined cefazolin MICs at standard (105 CFU/mL) and high inoculum (107 CFU/mL) by broth microdilution and a rapid test to detect cefazolin inoculum effect (CIE). The CIE was defined as an increase of MIC to ≥16 µg/mL when tested at high inoculum. Clinical data (demographics, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, therapy and mortality) were obtained from medical records. Results A total of 60 patients were included in the study and 41.6% were women. Most (63.3%) infections were hospital-associated. Bacteremia was the most frequent type of infection (71.6%). The mean duration of hospital stay was 24.5 days (IQR, 14–44). 61.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU with a mean length of stay of 14 days (IQR, 7–30). Mortality at 30 days was 28.3% (17 out of 60 patients) and was slightly higher (30.2%) in patients with bacteremia. Early mortality (48 h) was 10% (n = 6). Most patients (75%) received β-lactams (28.8% cefazolin and 84% oxacillin). 18 patients (33%) had isolates that exhibited the CIE but most (n = 11) received oxacillin. Among 17 patients who died, 35% had received antibiotics other than β-lactams (5 vancomycin, 1 ampicillin-sulbactam) and two did not received any therapy due to rapid death. The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 11 days. Source control was deemed appropriate in 65% of the cases. Conclusion An increase in severe invasive infections caused by MSSA was observed in our hospital with a high proportion of patients requiring ICU care. A significant proportion of patients received inappropriate treatment. Due to the aggressive nature of invasive MSSA infections, efforts to optimize appropriate therapy for these infections are urgently needed in Colombia. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Blood Stream Infections With Various Beta-Lactam Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Gale ◽  
Milena M. Mclaughlin ◽  
Viktorija O. Barr ◽  
Hankyung Cho ◽  
Michael Postelnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Blood Stream Infections
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