Bacterial aerobic Bacteraemia at AL- Kindi Teaching Hospital 2007-2009: Etiology diversity, Clinical features, and Outcome.

Data regarding the incidence, etiology and outcome of Bacteraemia taken from AL-Kindi hospital were collected, and compared the situation between the three years: 2007, 2008, 2009. A total number of blood samples was (505), from this number only (70) (13.8%) is positive. The rate of positivity was significant greater in 2009 (17.7%) than 2008 (11.8%) and 2007 (9.1%). The calculated incidence of significant episodes of bacteraemia was 12.6% .The five most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Salmonella typhi30(46.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (18.7%), Escherichia coli 10 (15.6%),Klebsiella 4(6.2%) and Enterobacter sp.3(4.6%) varied throughout this period, significant increase was noted in 2009. The acquisition of blood stream infections was nosocomial in 8.5% of cases.60% of Salmonella typhi were Amoxicillin resistant. Also Staph.aureus isolates, 58%were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin. Cephalexin-resistant E.coli in70% of the isolates and Gentamycin-resistant Klebsiella occurred in 75% of the isolates. The incidence of BSI did not differ significantly from other reported studies.

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1439. High Rates of Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Pilot Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in Cambodia

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S723-S724

Author(s):

Vandarith Nov ◽

Darapheak Chau ◽

Chhorvann Chhea

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Blood Samples

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major and growing global public health problem. The Cambodia Ministry of Health established a pilot laboratory-based AMR surveillance system for blood specimens in 2017. The objective of this study is to characterize AMR among pathogenic isolates from blood samples. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using one year of data from a pilot AMR Surveillance system in Cambodia. Four blood culture isolate pathogens were included: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi /Salmonella Paratyphi A and Staphylococcus aureus. Blood culture isolates that were referred from eleven sentinel sites were analyzed at the National Public Health Laboratory for identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration method following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Among 214 pathogenic isolates from blood samples, E.coli was the most common (56.1%), followed by Salmonella Typhi/Salmonella Paratyphi A (18.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.7%). Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in half of the isolates. E.coli was resistant to ampicillin (94.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.5%), and ceftriaxone (79.2%). Salmonella Typhi was resistant to ampicillin (73.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60.0%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A were resistant to fluoroquinolones (91.7%). For last resort antibiotics, E.coli was resistant to carbapenem groups (3.2% for imipenem, 4.9% for meropenem, and 5.0% for ertapenem). Klebsiella pneumoniae was not resistant to any groups. Conclusion E.coli was found at high rates in blood samples and was resistant to common antibiotics used in Cambodia. These pilot data show the importance of establishing a national AMR surveillance system in Cambodia to monitor AMR trends following GLASS guidelines. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Staphylococcal Blood Stream Infections: Epidemiology, Resistance Pattern and Outcome at a Level 1 Indian Trauma Care Center

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/0974-2727.115939 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vibhor Tak ◽

Purva Mathur ◽

Sanjeev Lalwani ◽

Mahesh Chandra Misra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Blood Stream Infections ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Crude Mortality ◽

Level 1

ABSTRACT Purpose: Blood stream infection (BSI)/bacteremia is a potentially life threatening infection and are associated with a high crude mortality. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus are the most commonly isolated gram positive bacteria from blood culture samples. While S. aureus is a known pathogen causing BSIs, CONS are considered to be common contaminants of blood culture. Of late many studies have challenged this traditional viewpoint. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and significance of Staphylococcus aureus and CONS bacteremia, their resistance patterns and associated mortality in critically ill trauma patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from January 2009 to June 2011. All patients from whose blood samples yielded a S. aureus or CONS on culture were included in this study. A detailed history was obtained and follow-up of the patients was done. The isolates of Staphylococci were identified to species level. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disc diffusion method and VITEK-2 system. Results: During this 30 month period, total of 10,509 blood samples were received from 2,938 patients. A total of 1,961 samples taken from 905 patients were positive for one or more pathogens. S. aureus/CONS were isolated from 469 samples from 374 patients. Crude mortality amongst the patients having Staphylococcal BSI was 25% (94/374). Conclusion: Staphylococcal blood stream infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vancomycin heteroresistance is associated with reduced mortality in ST239 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infections.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.13485017.14862142 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

George Sakoulas

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Blood Stream Infections ◽

Methicillin Resistant

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Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infections in Cambodian adults

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.616 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. e437

Author(s):

E. Vlieghe ◽

T. Phe ◽

M. Hallin ◽

O. Denis ◽

A. Deplano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Blood Stream Infections

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Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 457-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽

Nathu Ram Sarker ◽

Razia Khatun ◽

Mohammed Khorshed Alam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Milk Samples ◽

First Choice

Cows milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Grams staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

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Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2021/v31i330306 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Bassey Ewa Ekeng ◽

Ubleni Ettah Emanghe ◽

Bernard Ekpan Monjol ◽

Anthony Achizie Iwuafor ◽

Ernest Afu Ochang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Blood Stream Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Culture Positive

Aim: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of causative microorganisms varies from one geographical region to another. This study was aimed at determining the etiological agents prevalent in our environment and their susceptibility profile. Study design: This is a retrospective study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood culture results of patients documented over a two-year period were retrieved and analyzed. Blood culture positive isolates were detected using conventional method and Oxoid signal blood culture systems. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Results: A total of 413 blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analyzed, of which 116 (28.09%) were identified as culture positive. Sixty-nine (59%) of the positive isolates were from female patients. Out of 116 positive cultures, 58.62% (68/116) were Gram positive organisms, 40.52% (47/116) were Gram negative organisms, non albicans Candida accounted for 0.86% (1/116). Staphylococcus aureus (n=41, 35.3%) was the predominant isolate and showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin (100%), Linezolid (100%) and Amikacin (100%). Twelve isolates of S. aureus were methicillin resistant, while 1 isolate was inducible clindamycin resistant. Of the 116 isolates identified in this study, forty-three (43) were multidrug resistant with highest number of multidrug resistant isolates from Staphylococcus aureus (n=20). 21.28% (n=10) of the Gram-negative isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases. Conclusion: A high rate of antimicrobial resistance is observed among microorganisms causing blood stream infections. This emphasizes the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing in the management of blood stream infections.

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Anthill Inhibiting Bacteria, a Promising Source of Bio Efficacy

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2020/v22i1230207 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-21

Author(s):

A. A. Katun ◽

A. R. Abdulmumin ◽

M. U. Yahaya ◽

N. K. Habeeb ◽

A. Bala

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Bacillus Lentus ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Promising Source ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

The investigation into soil bacteria has been widely studied and becoming increasingly appreciated as an exceptional reservoir of unique naturally occurring biologically active metabolites with pharmaceutical applications. This article aimed to isolate, identify and biochemically characterize antibiotic-producing bacteria from anthill soils in the permanent site of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai (IBBUL), Niger State, Nigeria. The sum of ten samples were collected from five sampling sites, the sampling was done in threefold (morning, noon and evening) and analyzed adopting standard microbiological protocols. The obtained result revealed that the total bacteria count in the morning ranges from 2.1×107 cfu/mL to 1.4×106 cfu/mL, noon count ranges from 3.1×107 to 2.6×106 cfu/mL while evening count was in the range of 2.1×107 cfu/mL to 1.7×106 cfu/mL. A total number of five (5) bacteria were isolated as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lentus and Micrococcus reseus. The total prevalence of the bacterial isolates in the morning, noon and evening were calculated as B. subtilis (109.08%), S. epidermidis (36.36%), M. reseus (36.36%), B. lentus (63.63%), and S. aureus (54.54%) respectively. These isolates were further assayed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial outcome showed that two (2) (40%) anthill isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against three (3) tested bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus). This research study has showcased that the production of inhibitory substances are common among some of the bacterial strains isolated from anthills.

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Prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among undergraduate students of a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria

Trends in Infection and Global Health ◽

10.24815/tigh.v1i1.22422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-36

Author(s):

Seyi Samson Enitan ◽

Joan Odigie ◽

Oluyemisi Ajike Adekunbi ◽

Okondu Ogechukwu Emmanuel ◽

Nwachi Idume Ogbonna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Enteric Infection ◽

Ogun State ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants

This cross-sectional, institutional-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among Babcock University students in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) undergraduate students, 80 females and 40 males, were asked to provide stool specimen in a sterile leak-proof single-use universal bottle with a screw-capped lid. Standard microbiological techniques were used to analyse the stool samples. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical information from participants. The data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). The study showed that there was no occurrence of shigellosis among the study participants (0%), but other enteric pathogens infection were present in all participants (100%). The three most common mono-infections found among the study participants included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%), and Salmonella typhi and Bacillus spp. (3.3%, each). While the most common prevalence of dual-infections included Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi (3.3%). The proportion of participants who were asymptomatic (66.7%) was significantly higher than the symptomatic ones (33.3%). Identified risk factors of non-Shigella enteric infection included consumption of beef, vegetables, fruits, poultry/poultry products, as well as street foods, poor hand hygiene before eating, anal cleaning, and poor hand hygiene after toileting. Although shigellosis did not exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, this study highlighted the existence of other enteric infections among the study participants. Therefore, the necessary preventive measures should be ensured and sustained.

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Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Leaf, Stem and Root of Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. from Iran

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400624 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ali Shafaghat ◽

Hajar Sadeghi ◽

Khodamali Oji

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Main Components ◽

Microdilution Broth

The water distilled essential oils from leaves, stems and roots of Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS methods. The leaf oil was characterized by a high amount of camphor (56.4%), whereas in the stem oil, camphor (26.0%), trans-β-ocimene (23.6%) and germacrene-d (15.0%) were the major constituents. The main components of the root oil were α-pinene (50.0%), trans-β-farnesene (13.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.0%). Antibacterial activity of the leaf, stem and root oil were evaluated using the microdilution broth method. The oils showed inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, but were not active against Staphylococcus aureus.

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