The distribution and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen as indicators of organic-matter fluxes in the Solina Reservoir (south-east Poland)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz A. Tomaszek ◽  
Piotr Koszelnik ◽  
Renata Gruca-Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Shallow Water Sediment

The feasibility of using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of sediment organic matter (OM) to elucidate the source and fate of bottom sediment was studied in the Solina Reservoir (south-east Poland). Horizontal and vertical changes in OM, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, as well as δ15N and δ13C values, in bottom sediments were analysed to establish the extent to which these sediments are terrestrial or internal in origin. Increased proportions of TOC along with slight decreases in TN were noted in the surface layer of shallow water sediment compared with the profundal sites. Upstream shallower C : N and δ15N values amounted to ~15 and ~2‰, respectively, pointing to the allochthonous origin of the OM. In turn, profundal C : N ratios of less than 10 and δ15N values of ~4‰ indicated autochthonous sediment. Values for δ13C did not differ between stations and ranged from –27.39 to –27.66‰. It is therefore suggested that the sediment from the upper shallower stations contains more allochthonous, refractory OM, whereas the profundal stations have planktonic OM enriching the sediment. This combined with the vertical distribution observed for δ15N signalled an intensification of eutrophication over the past few years.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Sedimentary Organic Matter in a Subtropical Bay: Implication for Human Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Lu ◽  
Fengxia Zhou ◽  
Fajin Chen ◽  
Qibin Lao ◽  
Qingmei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Induced Changes

Elemental (total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN)) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N, respectively) in the surface sediment of Zhanjiang Bay (ZJB) in spring and summer were measured to study the spatial and seasonal changes of organic matter (OM) and assess the human-induced and environment-induced changes in the area. The OM in the surface sediment of ZJB was a mixture of terrestrial and marine sources, and was dominated by marine OM (54.9% ± 15.2%). Compared to the central ZJB, the channel and coastal ZJB areas had higher δ13C and δ15N values, higher TOC and TN concentrations, and lower TOC/TN ratios, indicating higher primary productivity and higher percentages of marine OM in the latter two subregions. Mariculture activities, sewage inputs, and dredging were responsible for these phenomena. Clear seasonal variations in OM were observed in ZJB. The average proportions of terrestrial OM in summer increased by 10.2% in the ZJB channel and 26.0% in the coastal ZJB area compared with those in spring. Heavy rainfall brought a large amount of terrestrial OM into the channel and coastal ZJB areas, leading to the increase of the terrestrial OM fraction in these two subregions in summer. In summary, anthropogenic influences had a significant influence on the spatial and seasonal variations of sedimentary OM in ZJB.

scholarly journals Mineral identity, natural organic matter, and repeated contaminant exposures do not affect the carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of 2,4-dinitroanisole during abiotic reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Berens ◽  
Bridget A. Ulrich ◽  
Jennifer H. Strehlau ◽  
Thomas B. Hofstetter ◽  
William A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Abiotic Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Reactions

The fractionation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes during the reduction of 2,4-dinitroanisole is substantially different than that observed for hydrolysis reactions.

Studies on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in the soil. II. The Extraction of the Organic Matter of the Soil With Alkali

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. B. Arnold ◽  
H. J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Manurial Treatment

The alkali extraction of the organic matter from the soils of certain plots of the classical permanent experiments on Barnfield and Broadbalk at Rothamsted, receiving respectively organic manure, artificial fertilisers and no manurial treatment, has been studied, together with a colorimetric examination of the extracts for the comparison of the content of humic matter.It is shown that, in spite of the different cultural and manurial treatments which the different plots have received, there is a marked similarity in the properties of the organic matter of these soils, with regard to its behaviour on extraction with cold and hot dilute caustic soda, and the colour intensity of the organic matter in the extracts.The methods used for the determination of organic carbon in the soils and their extracts are noted in an Appendix.The results discussed in this paper are further considered, along with those in the two next following Parts (III and IV), in Part V of this series, in their bearings on the origin of the humic matter of the soil.

Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mahmoodabadi ◽  
Elina Heydarpour
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Uncultivated Soil

Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in a Patagonian Fjord Affected by Glacier Melt Inputs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Marshall ◽  
Anne M. Kellerman ◽  
Jemma L. Wadham ◽  
Jon R. Hawkings ◽  
Giovanni Daneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Dom Composition

Biogeochemical processes in fjords are likely affected by changes in surrounding glacier cover but very little is known about how meltwater directly influences dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fjords. Moreover, the data available are restricted to a handful of northern hemisphere sites. Here we analyze seasonal and spatial variation in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and DOM composition (spectrofluorescence, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry) in Baker-Martinez Fjord, Chilean Patagonia (48°S), to infer the impacts of rapid regional deglaciation on fjord DOM. We show that surface layer DOC concentrations do not vary significantly between seasons, but DOM composition is sensitive to differences in riverine inputs. In summer, higher protein-like fluorescence reflects increased glacial meltwater inputs, whilst molecular level data show weaker influence from marine DOM due to more intense stratification. We postulate that the shifting seasonal balance of riverine and marine waters affects the supply of biolabile peptides and organic nitrogen cycling in the surface layer. Trends in DOM composition with increasing salinity are consistent with patterns in estuaries (i.e. preferential removal of aromatic compounds and increasing relative contribution of unsaturated and heteroatom-rich DOM from marine sources). Preliminary estimates also suggest that at least 10% of the annual organic carbon stock in this fjord is supplied by the four largest, glacially fed rivers and that these inputs are dominated by dissolved (84%) over particulate organic carbon. Riverine DOC may therefore be an important carbon subsidy to bacterial communities in the inner fjord. The overall findings highlight the biogeochemical sensitivity of a Patagonian fjord to changes in glacier melt input, which likely has relevance for other glaciated fjords in a warming climate.

scholarly journals Composition Characteristics of Organic Matter and Bacterial Communities under the Alternanthera philoxeroide Invasion in Wetlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cao ◽  
Haijie Zhang ◽  
Wen Ma ◽  
Renqing Wang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Alligator Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Wetlands

The influence of Alternanthera philoxeroide (alligator weed) invasion on wetland organic matter (OM) accumulation and bacterial changes is rarely studied, but is possibly an important step for revealing the invasion mechanism. Thus, the distribution characteristics of light fraction organic carbon and nitrogen (LFOC and LFON), and heavy fractions organic carbon and nitrogen (HFOC and HFON) were analyzed. Sampling was done on two sediment depths (0–15 cm and 15–25 cm) of invaded and normal habitats of two natural wetlands and two constructed wetlands, and bacterial taxa and composition in surface sediments were also analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. In the surface sediments, the LFOC and LFON contents were significantly higher in the constructed wetlands (0.791 and 0.043 g·kg−1) than in the natural wetlands (0.500 and 0.022 g·kg−1), and the contents of the C and N fractions were also prominently higher in the invaded areas than in normal wetland habitats. The OM storage was relatively stable. Proteobacteria (55.94%), Bacteroidetes (5.74%), Acidobacteria (6.66%), and Chloroflexi (4.67%) were the dominant bacterial phyla in the wetlands. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly higher in the invaded areas than in the normal habitats. The relative high abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) index in the constructed wetlands and invaded areas suggested the corresponding high bacterial diversity. The significant and positive relationship between Acidobacteria and organic nitrogen concentrations suggested their potential and positive interrelationships. This study demonstrated that the alligator weed invasion could significantly change the compositions of sediment organic matterand bacteria, thus further changing the nutrition cycle and wetland microhabitat.

Proteins: Amino Acids and Amines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Elizabeth A. Canuel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

This chapter discusses proteins, which make up approximately 50% of organic matter and contain about 85% of the organic nitrogen in marine organisms. Peptides and proteins comprise an important fraction of the particulate organic carbon (13–37%) and particulate organic nitrogen (30–81%), as well as dissolved organic nitrogen (5–20%) and dissolved organic carbon (3–4%) in oceanic and coastal waters. In sediments, proteins account for approximately 7 to 25% of organic carbon and an estimated 30 to 90% of total nitrogen. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. This class of compounds is essential to all organisms and represents one of the most important components in the organic nitrogen cycle. Amino acids represent one of the most labile pools of organic carbon and nitrogen.

Hydrocarbons in waters and bottom sediments Of the Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-547
Author(s):  
I.A. Nemirovskaya ◽  
◽  
A.M. Titova ◽  
A.V. Khramtsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Barents Sea

Hydrocarbons in water, suspended matter and bottom sediments of the Barents Sea were studied based on materials from expeditions to the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2019. It is shown that at present there is no oil pollution in open areas of the Barents Sea. With the transition from early summer (2019) to autumn (2016), there was a decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations in surface waters, caused by a change in the biochemical composition of organic matter (possibly due to a decrease in the area of ice). With depth, the HC content decreased mainly. An exception was observed in the area of gutters and deposits, where in the bottom nepheloid layers there was an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in suspension and in the surface layer of bottom sediments, and in the thickness of the sediments there was no dependence on their distribution and organic carbon.

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