Reproductive biology of the whiskery shark, Furgaleus macki, off south-western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Simpfendorfer ◽  
Philip Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Size At Birth

The whiskery shark, Furgaleus macki, is important in the commercial shark fishery off southern Western Australia. The reproductive biology was studied with the aid of 88 specimens collected by commercial gill-net vessels off south-western Australia between March 1994 and August 1996. The size selectivity of the gill-nets resulted in only mature and large juvenile specimens being caught. Size at birth was estimated to be 22–27 cm total length. Size (fork length) at maturity was 107 cm for males and 112 cm for females. There is a seasonal reproductive cycle. Mating is most likely to occur from August to September, with females storing spermatozoa until ovulation in late January to early April. Gestation lasts 7–9 months, with parturition from August to October. Litter sizes vary from 4 to 28 (mean 19). There was a significant linear relationship between litter size and maternal length. Mature males mate each year, but females produce litters every second year. Mature non-pregnant females develop large yolky ova from March to October, with development of the ova completed several months before ovulation. The results are compared with previous records and with data for other species of the family Triakidae that occur off southern Australia.

Reproductive biology of the pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), in the equatorial and south-western Atlantic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Veras ◽  
F. H. V. Hazin ◽  
I. S. L. Branco ◽  
M. T. Tolotti ◽  
G. H. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Longline Fishery ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Tuna Longline

From October 2005 to March 2010, a total of 480 pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea, specimens, 188 females and 292 males (0.64 female : 1 male), were taken in the equatorial and south-western Atlantic by the commercial tuna longline fishery and their reproductive biology was studied. Disc widths (DW) ranged from 28.0 to 66.0 cm for females and from 34.0 to 59.6 cm for males. Size at first sexual maturity was estimated at ~48.0 cm DW (first pregnant female) for females and ~41.0 cm DW for males. Ovarian fecundity, considering only follicles larger than 0.5 cm in diameter, ranged from 1 to 17 follicles per female, while the uterine fecundity of embryos in pregnant females in Stages 2 and 3 ranged from 1 to 5 embryos per female. The sex ratio between the embryos was almost equal (1.08 female : 1 male) and the size at birth was 19.0 cm DW.

Aspects of reproductive biology of the humpback smooth-hound shark (Mustelus whitneyi) off northern Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana ◽  
Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto ◽  
Jeffrey C. Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
First Time ◽  
Size At Birth

The humpback smooth-hound shark (Mustelus whitneyi) is one of the most captured shark species in the south-east Pacific and is classified as vulnerable, yet its reproductive biology has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of the reproductive biology of the humpback smooth-hound shark. In all, 41 pregnant females, 386 macroscopically visible embryos in utero and 16 neonates were sampled off northern Peru. Pregnant females measured between 73- and 118-cm total length (TL) and the number of embryos per litter ranged from 6 to 18, with a mean of 10. Size at birth ranged between 21 and 22cm TL. Litter size increased with the TL of the mother, yet this relationship was not strong (r2=0.36). The gestation period had a minimum duration of 7 months and a synchronous cycle in which birth occurred in September. The humpback smooth-hound shark is a placental viviparous elasmobranch. This study represents the most comprehensive research of the reproductive biology of the humpback smooth-hound shark, and is the first time the embryonic development is described for this species. These findings could contribute to the design and implementation of local management plans for this species.

Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Size At Birth

Abstract.—As part of an intensive study of spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>off the Atlantic coast of Canada, we studied the sexual maturation and growth of dogfish collected on research surveys and as part of the commercial fishery. Sexually mature and pregnant females were distributed throughout the waters of southwest Nova Scotia during the summer and fall but moved offshore to deeper waters in the winter. Juveniles were most abundant off Georges Bank and near the edge of the Scotian Shelf during the winter. The fork length at 50% maturity for males was 55.5 cm at age 10, while that for females was 72.5 cm at age 16. Free embryos were observed in 62% of all pregnant females (<em>n </em>= 1,491), the number of embryos increasing with the size of the female. Free embryos first became apparent in June at a fork length of 16 cm and would be expected to reach their birth size of 22–25 cm during the winter. Validated ages based on spine growth bands indicated a longevity of 31 years (<em>n </em>= 525). Males and females grew at similar rates until the size and age of male maturity, after which male growth rate slowed considerably. Two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth equations using a fixed size at birth gave <em>L<sub></em>∞</sub> = 78.0 and <EM>K </EM>= 0.099 for the males and <em>L<sub></em>∞</sub> = 119.5 and <EM>K </EM>= 0.042 for the females. Atlantic dogfish appear to grow more quickly and die at a younger age than do Northeast Pacific dogfish. Small amounts of offshore pupping in southern Nova Scotia waters probably represent the northern limits of an extended distribution centered in U.S. waters. Although they probably originate from the same population, dogfish living in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off Newfoundland may be functionally isolated from dogfish found further south. Our results and published tagging studies suggest that both resident and migratory components of the Northwest Atlantic population occupy Canadian waters.

Reproductive biology of the eastern shovelnose stingaree Trygonoptera imitata from south-eastern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian I. Trinnie ◽  
Terence I. Walker ◽  
Paul L. Jones ◽  
Laurie J. Laurenson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Size At Birth

In applying a quantitative approach to the reproduction of Trygonoptera imitata, the present study contributes to understanding the wide diversity in the reproductive biology of the family Urolophidae and provides insights to help determine phylogenetic relationships. This localised species is taken as bycatch in several inshore fisheries and potentially impacted by a range of other anthropogenic pressures, including introduced species, particularly in shallow-water pupping areas. T. imitata can be characterised as a species of comparatively low matrotrophic histotrophy with an extended period of relatively large eggs in utero (5–8 months) followed by rapid growth of the embryos (4–6 months). The reproductive cycle is annual with parturition occurring during late-February–April, followed immediately by ovulation. Mean size-at-birth is ~225 mm total length and there is a ~1000% gain in mean wet mass from egg (15 g) to full-term embryo in utero (150 g), the lowest reported for any viviparous batoid. Litter size increases with maternal length, reaching a maximum of seven, and sex ratio of embryos is 1 : 1. Maximum length and estimates of the maturity–ogive parameters l50 and l95 are similar for females and males.

scholarly journals Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
María Gemma Millán de la Blanca ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Cristina Castaño ◽  
Juncal García ◽  
Berenice Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
American Flamingo ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.

Life cycle of the western school prawn, Metapenaeus dalli Racek, in a Western Australian estuary

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
IC Potter ◽  
JW Penn ◽  
KS Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Australian Estuary ◽  
Western Australian

The absence of marine records for M. dalli below latitude 31�S., together with data on gonadal stages and spermatophore deposition on females of this species in the Swan estuary, provide very strong indications that the western school prawn typically breeds in estuarine environments in south-western Australia. The 0 + recruits, which first appeared in samples in February, remained in the estuary during the following months and by November had reached a size suitable for exploitation. At this time they were approaching sexual maturity and were starting to move from the shallows to the deeper waters of the estuary where they remained for their second year of life. In contrast to Australian Penaeus species, M. dalli mates during the intermoult period when the shell is hard rather than immediately after moulting.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus Gray 1838 (Chiroptera) at the southern limit of its geographic range

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Lima ◽  
Marta Elena Fabián
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Pregnant Females

Abstract Bats of the Phyllostomidae family exhibit different reproductive patterns in Neotropical regions and the strategy adopted depends on the regional climate. Here we studied the reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus at the southern limit of their distribution in Brazil. This region has no rainy season, and the climate is characterized by high temperatures and variable photoperiods. We examined 129 A. fimbriatus females over several months, and used histological procedures where necessary in order to determine whether bats were pregnant. Females exhibited a long reproductive period and were pregnant from June until February. The reproduction events were found to be dependent on the photoperiod, but independent of annual accumulated precipitation. Our results show that at the southern limit of their distribution, A. fimbriatus exhibit seasonal-dependent reproductive patterns, with parturition events occurring during spring and summer, in which the days are longer and temperature is warmer.

Variation in Male Parr Maturation Within and Among Populations of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ransom A. Myers ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings ◽  
R. John Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Mature Parr ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Size Threshold ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

The covariation of growth and maturation in male Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar, produces a relationship characterized by a size threshold below which individuals generally do not mature. The threshold of 70–72 mm fork length is evident both within and among populations. Parr maturation can reduce growth during the second year of life by an average of 4.0%. Among-year variation in growth rate affects the yearly incidence of maturation for males at age 1 + but has no detectable effect on the total proportion of male parr maturing in a population. Increases in the proportion of mature parr in the Matamek River, Quebec, can be explained by variation in growth alone; there is no evidence for genetic changes in this population.

scholarly journals Reproduction biology of Abe's flyingfish, Cheilopogon abei Parin, 1996 in Geser East Seram Strait Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Friesland Tuapetel
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
June July

Eco-biological information of Cheilopogon abei in Geser Streit is unknown. The objective of this research is to observe the sex ratio, first size maturity, gonad maturity and gonado somatic index (GSI) with fecundity of flying fish Ch abei in Geser East Seram Strait waters. Sampling was done for ten months started from February to November 2018, using gill net measuring 1.50 inch. All fish samples were measured in fork length and weighted so dissected to make observations on the level of gonad maturity and the number of eggs in female fish. A total of 682 flying fish was found during the study with a fork length range of 182.6-243.3 mm and a weight of 73.98-115.45 g. The results of the analysis showed that the proportion of the number of male fish was less than that of the female fish for almost every month of observation. The first size gonad mature of male and female is 210.5 mm and 214.1 mm FL. The gonad maturity index of male fish ranges from 0,963-7,967 and female fish ranges 1,315-8,069, the total fecundity is 2321-9438 eggs. Gonads of ripe fish in each month of observation. The spawning peak of Ch abei takes place in June-July and it is hoped that no arrests will be made in both months, to ensure the sustainability of the stock.

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