The role of science in environmental protection

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Constable
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The State ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

A process for developing management procedures that may ensure environmental protection is discussed in light of current problems in conservation of the aquatic environment. This process provides an opportunity for determining clearly the role and objectives of science in environmental protection and deals explicitly with the problems to management of uncertain information. Feedback management procedures are advocated, and these should be developed so that they are sufficiently robust in terms of absolute performance. This is to ensure that the environmental objectives set to safeguard the public interest are likely to be met under feasible worst-case conditions despite incomplete knowledge. Three important principles should be incorporated into these procedures before a proposed activity (e.g. development, exploitation) is allowed to commence: (1) the initial level of the activity should be set commensurate with a high degree of confidence that it is ecologically sustainable, (2) the objectives of the regulatory system should be framed in terms of aspects of the state of the environment that can be estimated robustly, and (3) the regulatory framework should specify what actions are required given the state of the environment as observed through the monitoring programme.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for Management of Environmental Protection in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Массеров ◽  
D. Messerov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Environment

The experience of the industrialized countries on the state of the environment monitoring convincing shows that their success in environmental regulation are mainly due to the use of modern environmental management methods. The experience of the European Union concerning the control mechanisms in the field of environmental protection and the possibility of its application in Russia are analyzed.

Application methods of multidimensional comparative analysis to the assessment of environmental state in Dolnośląskie voivodship

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Analysis Quality

The aim of this article is to present the results of multidimensional comparative analysis methods used to assess the state of the environment in Dolnośląskie voivodship in the cross-section of powiats. The research was conducted on the basis of data from the CSO of Poland for 2015 concerning the state and environmental protection in 30 powiats of Dolnośląskie voivodship. The method of linear ordering of objects based on a pattern object (or an anti- -pattern object) was used in the research. Many of them described in the subject literature usually lead to differing results (rankings of objects are not the same). It results from i.a. the adopted methods of normalization and weighing of variables and aggregations (creation of synthetic variables). The article is an attempt to compare the results of linear ordering of powiats due the environmental state with the use of method based on a pattern object (or an anti-pattern object). In the rankings correctness analysis, quality indicators were used to evaluate the quality of linear ordering methods.

scholarly journals On Eventual Applicability of Plans in Dynamic Environments with Cyclic Phenomena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Chrpa ◽  
Martin Pilát ◽  
Jakub Med
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Single Step ◽  
The State ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Dead End ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Cyclic Phenomena

Planning and acting in dynamic environments deals with non-deterministic events that might change the state of the environment without consent of the agent. In the worst case, some events might cause the agent to become ``trapped'' in a dead-end state, which in practice might mean damage or destruction of the agent. Presence of non-deterministic events often considerably increases the number of alternatives that might occur in a single step and hence traditional non-deterministic planning techniques might not scale. In this paper, we address a class of problems where non-deterministic events represent ``cyclic phenomena''. If they interfere with the agent, they might be dangerous for it (e.g. ships cruising through the area of AUV operations). We present techniques that initially analyse the problem whether it falls within this class by considering the notion of event reversibility and if so, these techniques generate a plan such that encountered unsafe states, in which the ``cyclic phenomena'' might interfere with the agent, can be eventually crossed without any risk of ``falling'' into a dead-end state. Our approach is evaluated in the AUV and Perestroika domains.

scholarly journals Realizacja przez administrację publiczną odpowiedzialności w ochronie środowiska

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Maciej Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
State Of The Environment

Environmental protection is an area of interdisciplinary, in which the rule is the use of concepts relevant to the legal sciences, natural sciences, engineering, or chemical. Therefore, in practice, they may mean different things depending on the conceptual context in which they are used. The concept, which draws attention to the rights and duties of citizens, public authorities, or environmental organizations, is a responsibility in protecting the environment. The state authorities should support citizens in their efforts to protect and improve the environment. Ecological safety, which is to be provided by a public authority is a state of the environment that allows you to safely stay in it and use it. The instrument to ensure that safety is the protection of the environment, which acts as a directive interpretation when there are doubts as to the scope of duties, such duties, and how they are implemented.

scholarly journals Communicative challenges in assessing progress towards environmental quality objectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Wibeck
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Sustainability Assessments

Assessment of trends in the state of the environment constitutes one important aspect of efforts to achieve environmental sustainability. Assessments are often undertaken via indicators which measure progress towards environmental objectives and interim targets. This paper starts from the assumption that different types of environmental indicators have different implications for the public communication and the societal dialogue about the state of the environment and the measures needed to increase ecological sustainability. The paper concludes that it is important to evaluate environmental indicators on the basis of their communicative potential. It is demonstrated how science-based assessment of progress towards environmental objectives may fulfil different aims. Each of these aims may be linked to particular types of indicators, as well as to particular ideas of how to communicate uncertainties, and to particular views of the role of the public in the system of environmental objectives.

scholarly journals The State of the Environmental Awareness of Students from Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine – Selected Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Cynk
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
State Of The Environment

Abstract In the article was presented results of international researches about environmental consciousness. The project was realized in 2015. The main purpose of this article is to describe the level of environmental knowledge, values and attitudes among university students from Central Eastern Europe. In introduction of article was defined concept of environmental awareness. The research problem is question: What are differences in the state of environmental awareness between respondents living in the Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine? In the first part text was presented methodology of the conducted research. The second part of the article concerns the analysis of the collected data. On the basis of the conducted research it can maintain that the students of Central and Eastern Europe generally declared interest the state of the environment. The overall outcome of the research leads to the conclusion that the highest proportion of the respondents who declared interest in the environmental protection came from Slovakia. The fact that in their opinion it should care about the environment more than the students from Poland and Ukraine may result from the higher level of the environmental awareness.

scholarly journals Eco-Innovation in Municipalities as an Element of Smaller Agglomerations Sustainable Development - Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Anna Zelga-Szmidla ◽  
Katarzyna Kapustka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

Abstract Management in accordance with the principle of sustainable development is one of the basic aspects of environmental protection, and is nevertheless important in macroeconomic management (eco-innovations in national regulations) as well as in micro-regulations (municipal regulations). The municipalities authorities are obliged to preventing the negative effects of environmental degradation, preventing pollution, providing information on the state of the environment, cover the environmental policy, in order to ensure the land advancement in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The implemented projects should mainly improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. That is why eco-innovative activities introduced in individual, small territorial areas (municipalities) are becoming more and more important. The paper is based on a case study as a recognized method of analyzing and discussing authentic situations used in management sciences.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF INDICATOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELDS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Žarko Vranjanac
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Indicator Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Scientific Fields

This paper discusses the historical development, terminological definition, and the theoretical definition of indicators used in the fields of sustainable development and environmental protection. Since numerous indicators are used in a variety of scientific fields and since new indicators are constantly being developed, special focus is given to the types of indicators. Individual, derived, composite, or ‘super’ indicators are increasingly used to show a state and changes of a given state of a specific phenomenon or concept. Thus formed indicators constitute an important segment in the monitoring of the state of the environment and in the monitoring of sustainable development, on the basis of which decisions can be made. Such indicators are extensively used in the fields of sustainable development and environmental protection, and the aim of this review was to help better understand their essence.

Bioindicators of the constants of homeostasis of the internal environment of crustaceans, cultured in different environmental conditions for the purpose of obtaining commodity products

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Lina Yuryevna Lagutkina ◽  
Aliya Baymuratovna Akhmedzhanova ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Martyanov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Red Claw Crayfish ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
State Of The Environment

The study of the composition and properties of the internal environment (hemolymph) of crustaceans grown in various conditions has an important ecological and physiological aspect, since a number of characteristics of the physiological status of objects can be used to assess the state of the environment, thus, they can be included in the number of bioindicators. However, the nature of the observed differences between objects grown under different conditions, the features of homeostatic regulatory mechanisms and the limits of the reference values of individual homeostasis constants are often not known. To formulate recommendations regarding the technological process of growing objects of warm-water aquaculture, taking into account the assessment of environmental conditions in dynamics through the analysis of indicators of the state of individuals — bioindicators — it is necessary to compare the state of individuals kept in different conditions. The object of the study was the Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), cultivated under various conditions of intensive and semi-intensive cultivation. The studies have revealed that throughout the entire period of cultivation, individuals grown in ponds retained a high level of total protein, cholesterol and β-lipoproteins, in contrast to crayfish cultivated in pools. The values of these indicators as bioindicators indicate a high degree of compliance of the growing conditions with the needs of the studied object. Comparative assessment of fluctuations in the ratio of hemolymph shaped elements in the hemocyte composition between cancers grown under different conditions did not reveal significant differences. It was found that significantly higher growth rates are characteristic of crayfish grown in ponds, in contrast to the group of individuals cultivated in pools. The comparative analysis of bioindicators in different growing conditions presented by the authors of the article supplements information that is of significant interest for monitoring the growing conditions of this representative of warm water aquaculture, which will be valuable for specialists engaged in crustacean breeding.

On the Marketness of Markets and Actor Clout: Market-shaping Roles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 170-184
Author(s):  
Suvi Nenonen ◽  
Kaj Storbacka
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Market Maker ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Market Evolution ◽  
Network Position ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Market Shaping

In reconnecting marketing to more plastic and malleable markets, we need more understanding about market evolution. In this research we explore how to assess the state of a market, and how the roles of a market-shaping actor vary depending on this state. We view markets as configurations of 25 interdependent elements and argue that well-functioning markets have a high degree of configurational fit between elements. The level of configurational fit describes the state of a market as a continuum from low to high marketness. The clout of a market actor to influence a market configuration is an amalgamation of the actor’s capabilities, network position and relative power. By exploring marketness and clout as contextual contingencies, we identify four market-shaping roles: market maker, market activist, market champion, and market complementor. The focus of a market-shaping actor, in terms of which elements to influence and in which order, vary significantly between roles.

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