Electrophoretic analysis of Phylogenetic relationships among Australian Carcharhinid Sharks

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lavery
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Phylogeny Reconstruction ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Morphological Species

The phylogenetic relationships of 17 species of carcharhinid sharks and four other closely related species were examined by allozyme electrophoresis. Genetic data from 38 loci were used in three different techniques of phylogeny reconstruction (including both phenetic and cladistic methods). The two most instructive trees were produced by using maximum parsimony (PAUP) and Distance Wagner procedures. There was evidence that both the genus Carcharhinus and the family Carcharhinidae may actually comprise paraphyletic groups. A number of proposed morphological species groups were shown to also be closely related genetically. These included C. limbatus/C. tilstoni/C. amblyrhynchoides, C. melanopterus/C. cautus, and C. amblyrhynchos/C. albimarginatus. There appears to be a distinct lineage within the Carcharhinidae that may be characterized by the absence of the interdorsal ridge.

scholarly journals Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Pin Xiao ◽  
Sinang Hongsanan ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Siraprapa Brooks ◽  
Ning Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rpb1 Sequence

Ophiocordyceps is entomopathogenic and the largest studied genus in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. Many species in this genus have been reported from Thailand. The first new species introduced in this paper, Ophiocordycepsglobiceps, differs from other species based on its smaller perithecia, shorter asci and secondary ascospores and additionally, in parasitising fly species. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB1 sequence data indicate that O.globiceps forms a distinct lineage within the genus Ophiocordyceps as a new species. The second new species, Ophiocordycepssporangifera, is distinguished from closely related species by infecting larvae of insects (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and by producing white to brown sporangia, longer secondary synnemata and shorter primary and secondary phialides. We introduce O.sporangifera based on its significant morphological differences from other similar species, even though phylogenetic distinction is not well-supported.

scholarly journals A BARCODE-BASED PHYLOGENETIC SCAFFOLD FOR XYSTICUS AND ITS RELATIVES (ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE: CORIARACHNINI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Holarctic Region ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Crab Spider

The phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the crab spider genus Xysticus and its closest relatives (i.e., the tribe Coriarachnini, also including, e.g., Ozyptila, Coriarachne and Bassaniana) have long been controversial, with several alternative classifications being proposed, none of which has gained universal acceptance. As Coriarachnini is largely confined to the Holarctic region, the main target area of recent DNA barcoding projects for spiders, a large amount of genetic data for the group is now publicly available. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of this sequence dataset are largely congruent with earlier morphology-based results regarding the evolutionary structure of the group. In particular, they highlight the fact that Xysticus s. lat. is a paraphyletic assembly and that several species groups need to be placed in separate genera to achieve monophyly of Xysticus s. str. Similarly, Coriarachne and Bassaniana appear as independent clades rather than a joined monophyletic Coriarachne s. lat. In contrast, further subdivision of Ozyptila is not supported by the genetic data. Importantly, the analysis also shows that anapophysate members of Xysticus s. lat. form two widely separated groups: a primarily anapophysate division, also including Coriarachne and Bassaniana, at the base of Xysticus s. lat., and a secondarily anapophysate clade deeply nested within Xysticus s. str. This might explain some of the earlier difficulties when trying to define generally accepted subgroups within Xysticus s. lat. The phylogenetic scaffold based on barcode sequences is sufficiently dense and well resolved to attempt the tentative and provisional placement of the majority of species in Xysticus s. lat. in the independent genera Xysticus s. str., Bassaniodes, Psammitis and Spiracme as a starting point for a future more formal revision of the group.

scholarly journals  Azygosporus gen. nov., a synapmorphic clade in the family Ancylistaceae

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Yue Cai ◽  
Yong Nie ◽  
Heng Zhao ◽  
ZiMin Wang ◽  
ZhengYu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Taxonomic System

The fungal genus Conidiobolus sensu lato was delimited into four genera based on morphology and phylogeny. However, the taxonomic placement of C. parvus has not been determined until now. Here, we show that C. parvus belongs to a distinct lineage based on mitochondrial (mtSSU) and nuclear (TEF1 and nrLSU) phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed a new species as sister to C. parvus. We identified a synapomorphy uniting these lineages (azygospore production) that was not observed in other allied genera of the family Ancylistaceae, and erected a new genus Azygosporusgen. nov. for this monophyletic group, with a new combination, A. parvuscomb. nov. as the type species. Within Azygosporus, the novel species A. macropapillatussp. nov. was introduced from China based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, which is characterized by its prominent basal papilla, in comparison to other closely related species, measuring 7.5–10.0×5.0–10.0 µm. Our study resolved the phylogenetic placement of C. parvus and improved the taxonomic system of the Ancylistaceae family.

Phylogeny and affiliation of European Anthomyzidae (Diptera) based on mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2054 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINDŘICH ROHÁČEK ◽  
ANDREA TÓTHOVÁ ◽  
JAROMÍR VAŇHARA
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups

The phylogenetic Bayesian analysis of combined mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene markers in European representatives of Anthomyzidae supported the monophyly of the family, confirmed the validity of the genera and provided a resolution of the generic affiliation of some aberrant species. The interrelationships of most genera have not been resolved definitively due to insufficient posterior probability values. Despite this, the clade clustering the genus Anthomyza Fallén, 1810, Fungomyza Roháček, 1999 and the Anthomyza socculata group is considered to reflect the real phylogenetic relationships of these taxa as it is also supported by morphological data. The relationships within the genus Anthomyza are resolved and monophyly of its species-groups confirmed. Within the genus Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928, S. fissum Roháček, 1996, a species of unknown relationships, was found to be most closely allied to S. sabulosum (Haliday, 1837). Based on the above analysis a removal of the aberrant species Paranthomyza caricis Roháček, 1999 and Anthomyza socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847) from genera to which they were formerly affiliated, is suggested.

Molecular systematics of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) inferred from COI and 12S rDNA gene sequences based on European exemplars

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi ◽  
Marc Pollet ◽  
Paul Irvine Ward
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Current Position ◽  
European Species ◽  
12S Rdna ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups

With ~7000 species in ~220 genera, the Dolichopodidae is one of the most speciose families of Diptera. Though the family as such is well defined, knowledge on the internal phylogenetic relationships is generally poor and although authors of successive monographs and catalogues indifferently listed most genera in specific subfamilies, their decisions were rarely based on sound phylogenetic analyses and never on molecular data. In a first attempt to unravel the phylogeny of Dolichopodidae, a combined COI + 12S rDNA dataset (1199 characters) of 119 samples of 101 European species was used in Bayesian (BAY), neighbour joining (NJ) and weighted/unweighted maximum parsimony analyses (MP). At the subfamily level, our study supports the monophyly of Dolichopodinae, Sympycninae, and Hydrophorinae (including Machaerium Haliday, 1832). Ten (Campsicnemus Haliday, 1851, Chrysotus Meigen, 1824, Dolichopus Latreille, 1796, Gymnopternus Loew, 1857, Medetera Fischer von Waldheim, 1819, Poecilobothrus Mik, 1878, Rhaphium Meigen, 1803, Teuchophorus Loew, 1857, Sciapus Zeller, 1842, Syntormon Loew, 1857) of the 14 multispecies genera formed monophyletic assemblages in all analyses and relationships among Argyra Macquart, 1834 species were supported in most analyses. At the subgeneric level, seven of the nine stable species-groups in Dolichopus as established during previous research were supported in most analyses. The validity of the recent transfer of Hercostomus chrysozygos Wiedemann, 1817 to Poecilobothrus was clearly supported in all analyses. Within Argyra and Rhaphium, interspecific relationships reflected previously used subgeneric classifications (Lasiargyra Mik, 1878, Leucostola Loew, 1857 and Argyra s.s. in Argyra; Porphyrops Meigen, 1824, Rhaphium s.s. and Xiphandrium Loew, 1857 in Rhaphium). Further, subclades within Medetera corresponded to species-groups defined by other authors featuring a different morphology and ecology. Anepsiomyia flaviventris (Meigen, 1824) most probably does not belong to Sympycninae but its current position within Peloropeodinae could not be confirmed.

Phenetic variation between some species in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Gamasida)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Chant ◽  
R. I. C. Hansell ◽  
H. J. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Consistent Trend ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Groups

Examination of differences in phenetic variation between a number of closely related species of mites of the family Phytoseiidae from four widely different environments in North America, ranging from subarctic to subtropical, was undertaken. Phenetic variation was measured by (1) determining the numbers of taxa recorded in given areas as a measure of the richness of species and genera; (2) determining interspecific morphological diversity using multivariate techniques based on frequency distributions of the taxonomic distances between pairs of species; and (3) by using phenogram analyses to determine the species groups in a given area.The results show a consistent trend in the degree of diversity. The more northerly communities have fewer taxa and these show little phenetic diversity, whereas the more southern communities have more taxa and they show greater phenetic diversity.

A new species of Cirrophorus (Annelida: Paraonidae) from Mediterranean organically enriched coastal environments, with taxonomic notes on the family

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Langeneck ◽  
Michele Barbieri ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Alberto Castelli
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

Cirrophorus nikebianchii sp. nov. is described from brackish-water and organically enriched marine environments of the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterized by a very small prostomial antenna and a high number of branchiae pairs. A phylogenetic analysis carried out through the use of three molecular markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and COI) supports the distinction between C. nikebianchii and C. furcatus, a closely related species with which it has been misidentified. Preliminary results obtained show that the genera Cirrophorus and Paradoneis are not reciprocally monophyletic, with uncertain relationships with the remaining genera of Paraonidae. This outcome suggests that the evolutionary history of Paraonidae is less straightforward than previously supposed. Moreover, the uncertainty about the taxonomic status of Paraonides neapolitana, type species of the genus Paraonides, makes the revamping of the taxonomy of Paraonidae more challenging. Awaiting support from studies including more species, and based on morphological and genetic data as well, we suggest to provisionally maintain the current use of Cirrophorus and Paradoneis, and to assign to Paraonella the species traditionally assigned to Paraonides.

Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2627 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO CALDARA ◽  
DAVIDE SASSI ◽  
IVO TOŠEVSKI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Species Groups

A phylogenetic analysis of the species belonging to the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Mecinini) was carried out. Rhinusa weevils feed on plants of the closely related families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. Based on a cladistic analysis of six outgroup and 33 ingroup taxa, and 39 adult morphological and 8 ecological characters, eight well supported species groups and two monobasic groups belonging to three separate and more inclusive assemblages were recognized. The first assemblage (A) includes nine species belonging to two groups (R. bipustulata and R. tetra groups), whereas the second and third assemblages (B and C) include a total of 14 species belonging to two groups (R. antirrhini and R. linariae groups) and six groups (R. pilosa, R. herbarum, R. neta, R. vestita, R. mauritii and R. melas groups), respectively. Two of the three main assemblages (A and B) are well supported as monophyletic entities, whereas the third assemblage (C) has weak support contingent in part upon the exclusion of host plant associations. Assemblage A includes all species living on species of Scrophulariaceae, with two groups occurring on two closely related plant genera, Scrophularia (R. bipustulata group) and Verbascum (R. tetra group), respectively. The other two assemblages include species living exclusively on species of the family Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae. These patterns suggest a well conserved and phylogenetically congruent association among the weevils and their hosts. Optimizing host plant preferences onto the morphological phylogeny indicates that feeding on Plantaginaceae was the plesiomorphic condition for the genus Rhinusa. In general there are no strict relationships between groups of weevils and their specific feeding habits; however, species of the R. antirrhini group are all feeding on seed capsules. In contrast, in other groups the larvae of closely related species display significant variations in host plant parasitism. Some species of the R. tetra group feed on seed capsules whereas others are stem borers. In turn, certain species of the R. neta group feed on seed capsules yet others are inquilines of gall forming species of Rhinusa. The latter habit is present in multiple convergent groups such as the R. linariae and R. pilosa groups.

scholarly journals Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a type I methanotroph isolated from forest soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Iguchi ◽  
Hiroya Yurimoto ◽  
Yasuyoshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Ribulose Monophosphate Pathway

A novel methanotroph, designated strain HT12T, was isolated from forest soil in Japan. Cells of strain HT12T were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid and formed pale-brown colonies. The strain grew only with methane and methanol as sole carbon and energy sources. Cells grew at 5–34 °C (optimum 24–32 °C). The strain possessed both particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases and assimilated formaldehyde using the ribulose monophosphate pathway. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (46.9 %) and C14 : 0 (34.2 %), whereas unsaturated C16 fatty acids, typical of type I methanotrophs, were absent. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the most closely related strains were Methylosoma difficile LC 2T (93.1 % sequence similarity) and Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96T (92.6 % similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on the pmoA gene indicated that strain HT12T formed a distinct lineage within the type I methanotrophs and analysis of the deduced pmoA amino acid sequence of strain HT12T showed that it had a 7 % divergence from that of its most closely related species. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. Based on this evidence, strain HT12T represents a novel species and genus of the family Methylococcaceae, for which the name Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HT12T ( = NBRC 106162T  = DSM 23269T  = ATCC BAA-2070T).

Phylogenetic relationships among Praini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) aphid parasitoids, with redescription of two species

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Stanisavljević ◽  
Olivera Petrović-Obradović ◽  
Marija Milutinović ◽  
Snežana Tomanović ◽  
Željko Tomanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character State ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Ovipositor Sheath ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Pupation Behavior

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among four genera and 25 species of the tribe Praini (Braconidae: Aphidiinae) were investigated on the basis of 15 characters (13 morphological and two life history characters) using parsimony analysis. Areopraon Mackauer and Pseudopraon Starý are basal within the tribe. Both genera include species in which the external and internal types of pupation exist simultaneously [for example, Pseudopraon mindariphagum Starý, Areopraon lepelleyi (Waterston) and A. pilosum Mackauer)]. It can therefore be asserted that the external type of pupation behavior in the Praini probably originated in the polymorphic pupation behavior of ancient genera such as Pseudopraon and Areopraon. The genera Areopraon, Pseudopraon, and Dyscritulus Hincks form a monophylum separate from Praon. Areopraon is not retrieved as monophyletic. Species of the genus Praon Haliday possess conical apical spines on the top of the ovipositor sheath as an apomorphic character state. Within the genus Praon, we recognized the following closely related species groups: Parapraon + Praon dorsale-yomenae; and Praon rosaecola. Two Praini species are redescribed. Mesopraon Starý is a new synonym of Areopraon. Areopraon silvestre (Starý) and Areopraon helleni (Starý) are new combinations. A key to the recent Praini genera is given.

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