Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon-Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Bowling ◽  
PD Baker
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Very High

The occurrence of a severe cyanobacterial bloom is described. This bloom affected almost 1000 km of the Barwon-Darling River, New South Wales, Australia, in November and December 1991 and was dominated by Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst. This cyanobacterium was present in concentrations of around half a million cells per millilitre at some localities during its peak in mid November. Moderate to very high toxicity was demonstrated by mouse bioassay at many localities during this time. The bloom was attributed to very low flow conditions and high nutrient concentrations, especially of total phosphorus. However, warm water temperatures, elevated pH, reduced turbidity, and improved water transparency would also have been contributing factors. Very high ammonia concentrations were also observed during the bloom. The bloom declined during December and was eventually flushed from the river by increased flows following heavy catchment rainfall between mid December and early January.

Occurrence and possible causes of a severe cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Cargelligo, New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bowling
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physico Chemical

Although smaller cyanobacterial blooms had occurred in Lake Cargelligo in previous summers, a severe bloom of Anabaena circinalis occurred in the lake in November 1990. Cell numbers exceeded 100 000 cells m L -1 , and toxicity tests revealed the bloom to be highly hepatotoxic. This resulted in the first known closure of a town water supply due to cyanobacteria in New South Wales. Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi, Oscillatoria rnougeotii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii also occurred in the lake at similar very high cell numbers during the summer and autumn of 1990-91. All five species persisted until May 1991, although there was no detectable toxicity from January onwards. Severe flooding in the Lachlan River valley upstream of Lake Cargelligo during the winter of 1990 led to nutrient enrlched inflows to the lake. These elevated nutrient concentrations would have been a major factor contributing to the bloom. However, other physico-chemical factors were also suitable for cyanobacterial growth.

Nutrient losses under simulated rainfall from pasture plots in the Great Lakes District, New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Jones ◽  
R. Willem Vervoort ◽  
Julie Cattle
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
South Wales

Understanding the process by which nutrients and solids enter waterways from pastures in the Great Lakes district, New South Wales, Australia, may assist in maintaining water quality to ensure ongoing environmental and economic sustainability of the region. Rainfall simulations, using a 100-year return storm event, were conducted to determine nutrient and suspended solid concentrations in the runoff of 8 pasture sites in 3 of the catchments in the district. On 5 of the 8 sites, considerable concentrations of N or P were mobilised during the simulated rainfall event, but average nutrient concentrations and total loads across all sites were relatively low and similar to other studies of nutrient runoff from pastures. In addition, low runoff coefficients indicated that runoff is probably not the major pathway for nutrient losses from pasture in this area. Overall, rainfall runoff responses at the sites were similar in the 3 catchments. In contrast, the results suggest that, despite generating more runoff, the sites in the Wang Wauk catchment generated less nutrients in runoff than the sites in the Wallamba and Myall catchments. There was no difference in total suspended solids loads for the sites analysed by catchment. Relationships between soil physical and chemical characteristics and total nutrients loads or cumulative runoff were not strong.

Macrofossil Casuarinaceae: their identification and the oldest macrofossil record, Gymnostoma antiquum sp. nov., from the late paleocene of New South Wales, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Scriven ◽  
RS Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Papua New Guinean ◽  
A New Species

The oldest known Casuarinaceae macrofossils, from late Paleocene sediments at Lake Bungarby in New South Wales, are assigned to a new species of Casuarinaceae, Gymnostoma antiquum. The nearest living relatives of this species are the Papua New Guinean Gymnostoma species and in particular one as yet unnamed species. Previous problems relating to the preparation, identification and description of Casuarinaceae macrofossils are examined and clarified. The ecology of both living Gymnostoma and G. antiquum are discussed. The decrease in catastrophic disturbance and climate seasonality during the Cenozoic were probably major contributing factors leading to the current distribution of Gymnostoma.

Investigations into the taxonomy, toxicity and ecology of benthic cyanobacterial accumulations in Myall Lake, Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dasey ◽  
Natasha Ryan ◽  
Joanne Wilson ◽  
Glenn McGregor ◽  
Larelle Fabbro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Water Users ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Myall Lake ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibition ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Large benthic accumulations of cyanobacteria occur in sheltered embayments within Myall Lake, New South Wales, Australia. The lake is shallow, with the entire bottom within the euphotic zone, and it is generally considered pristine, having low nutrient concentrations. The accumulations are highly organic and contain a mix of species mainly from the order Chroococcales, with two forms of Aphanothece being dominant. However polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicates a close similarity to Microcystis flos-aquae. The cells appear to lack aerotopes and form sticky mucilaginous amalgamations, which may enhance their benthic habit. Although Chroococcales also dominate the planktonic cyanobacterial community, the benthic species are seldom, if ever, found entrained within the water column. Some hepatotoxicity was indicated by mouse bioassay, protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for microcystins, PCR and by chromatographic evidence for a microcystin. Ecological aspects of the distribution, gross morphology of the organisms and management implications for recreational water-users are discussed.

The effect of season, stage of plant growth and leaf position on nutrient concentration in banana leaves on a krasnozem in New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Cu And Zn

At Alstonville, New South Wales, leaf position had a greater effect than season on the nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the laminae of Williams bananas growing on a krasnozem soil and sampled over a 4-year period. However, season was more important for Mg. The effect of stage of plant growth was significant but much smaller than the other influences. When sampling for leaf analysis, leaf position and plant age can be standardised, but a major problem in this investigation was unpredictable, significant changes in nutrient composition from one sampling date to another. If these results are true for other soils. the data do not allow critical levels to be applied.

Seat Belts-Some Aspects of Compulsory Wearing in New South Wales, Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
The Law ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Very High

The effects of compulsory seat belt wearing have been evaluated for the most populous Australian State — New South Wales. Wearing rates are now very high and although surveys have shown increasing acceptance of the safety value of belts, a sizable minority of motorists apparently only wear their belts because of the law. Compulsory belt wearing appears to have saved a substantial number of vehicle occupant lives, with the main saving being among young adults. Urban deaths appear to have been affected more than rural deaths. There is tentative evidence of reductions in serious injuries among occupants. A side effect of the law has been increased usage of restraining systems for young children.

Hornblendes from some basic hornfelses in the New England region, New South Wales

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (268) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Binns
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Very High

SummaryWith progressive increase in grade of contact metamorphism, aluminous hornblendes in some New England basic hornfelses change from a pale blue-green variety with ragged actinolitic habit, to a deeper bluish-green variety, then to a deeply coloured brownish type with granular habit. At all stages the coexisting plagioclase is appreciably calcic. No outer aureole of albite-epidote-actinolite hornfels has been recognized. The higher grade hornblendes are richer in alkalis and titanium, and poorer in octahedrally co-ordinated aluminium than those formed at low grades. Two analysed hornblendes display an unusual excess of calcium, which occupies the Y site, and another has a very high content of ferrous iron and potassium.

Player Activity Profiles in the Australian Second-Tier Rugby League Competitions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823
Author(s):  
Joanne Hausler ◽  
Mark Halaki ◽  
Rhonda Orr
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
New South ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Match Play ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Very High

Purpose:To investigate activity profiles of Australian rugby league players during match play by competition, position, and match outcome in the New South Wales (NSW) second-tier competitions.Methods:Eighteen NSW Cup (NSWC) and 22 National Youth Competition (NYC) players, participating in this prospective cohort study, were categorized into 3 positional groups: forwards, adjustables, and outside backs. Global positioning system devices were used to examine activity profiles (distance and relative distance covered in walking, jogging, moderate, high, very high, and sprinting speed zones and quantification of high-speed movement) during match play in 21 NSWC and 22 NYC matches (N = 339 files).Results:NSWC players performed more sprints (36.5 ± 9.3 vs 28.4 ± 9.2) and greater relative distance in moderate speed zones (18.4 ± 3.2 vs 15.8 ± 3.1 m/min) than NYC. NSWC outside backs covered greater relative distance in jogging (29.4 ± 2.9 vs 24.8 ± 2.7 m/min) and moderate speed zones (17.0 ± 2.6 vs 12.8 ± 2.8 m/min) than their NYC counterparts. Adjustables performed more sprints (39.4 ± 10.1 vs 27.0 ± 9.2), high-intensity accelerations (3.7 ± 1.4 vs 1.9 ± 1.4), and relative distance (84.8 ± 4.3 vs 88.6 ± 4.8 m/min) than forwards and greater relative distance (81.5 ± 3.8 m/min) and sprints (31.0 ± 8.0) than outside backs. Adjustables recorded greater relative distance (19.8 m/min) in moderate speed zones than forwards (16.7 ± 3.1 m/min) and outside backs (14.9 ± 2.7 m/min). Adjustables covered ~685 m more than outside backs during a win.Conclusions:This is the first study to document the activity profiles of the NSW second-tier rugby league competition. The findings underscore the elevated match demands of adjustables and indicate higher intensity of play in NSWC than NYC that may more closely resemble the demands of National Rugby League match play.

On the population dynamics of the Eucalypt-defoliating sawfly Perga affinis affinis Kirby (Hymenoptera)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Carne
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New South ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Subsequent Generation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Very High

Changes of the abundance of the sawfly P. a. affinis were recorded during eight successive years in a study region extending from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales to north-eastern Victoria. The influences and processes which affected mortality and reproduction in populations of the sawfly are described, and their contributions to the observed fluctuations of abundance in the study region are discussed. The major causes of mortality were desiccation, fungal disease, and parasitism. The main parasites were tachinids (Froggattimyia spp.) and a trigonalid (Taeniogonalos venatoria Riek). A variable proportion of the prepupae entered a diapause which persisted for 2 or more years. Although extended diapause ensured the survival of the subspecies during seasons unfavourable for its active stages, only a small proportion of the prepupae involved survived to emerge as adults. The consequences of very high numbers were: increased incidence of desiccation mortality and of extended diapause, and a decrease of the fecundity of the subsequent generation. Due to the benefits which accrued from colonial behaviour, survival of the larvae was greater at moderately high than at low densities. These density-regulating mechanisms of the life system of the sawfly operated conspicuously only at very high and very low densities. In the eastern portion of the study region, fluctuations of abundance were closely synchronized in all sites. These fluctuations could be interpreted in terms of changing environmental favourability during successive seasons. Analysis of weather data showed that departures from long-term average temperatures and rainfalls were correlated throughout the region. However, sawfly numbers fluctuated erratically in the western subregion, the changes of density there often being at variance with those consistent throughout the eastern subregion. Parasitism by T. venatoria, which was often very severe in the western subregion, was the only process recognized that was likely to be responsible for the differences observed.

scholarly journals Mortality of sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) released by recreational anglers in an Australian estuary

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Butcher ◽  
Matt K. Broadhurst ◽  
Craig P. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
New South ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Australian Estuary

Abstract The mortality of hooked-and-released sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) and the key contributing factors were determined during a recreational fishing event in northern New South Wales, Australia. Participating anglers caught 124 sand whiting, of which 60 were tagged with plastic t-bar anchor tags, and then released into replicate sea cages. In all, 109 sand whiting were seined (54 were tagged) and similarly released into replicate sea cages for use as controls. All fish were monitored for mortalities over 7 days. There were no measurable effects of confinement in the sea cages on the stress (measured as concentrations of plasma glucose) of hooked or seined fish. Ten hooked-and-released (four non-tagged, six tagged) and two control (both tagged) sand whiting died during the monitoring period and mostly within 48 h of capture, providing adjusted mortality rates (i.e. accounting for mortalities of control fish) of approximately 6% for total, tagged, and non-tagged fish. Anatomical hook location (oesophagus-ingested hooks) and bait type (beach worms, Australonuphis teres) were significant predictors of mortality (p > 0.05). The results support current recreational fishing gears and practices for the catch and release of sand whiting.

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