Embryonic developmental plasticity in the long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus reidi, Ginsburg 1933) in relation to parental preconception diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Otero-Ferrer ◽  
Marisol Izquierdo ◽  
Alireza Fazeli ◽  
William V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Males And Females

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that parental periconception nutrition in adult seahorses affects the development and growth of their offspring. We tested the hypothesis that because seahorse embryos develop inside the male’s brood pouch, manipulation of the male’s diet would affect offspring growth and development independently of the female’s diet. Adult males and females were fed separately with either wild-caught crustaceans or commercial aquarium diet for 1 month before conception to influence the periconception environment. Approximately 10 000 offspring were obtained from four different treatment groups (Male/Wild or Male/Commercial × Female/Wild or Female/Commercial). Weights, physical dimensions and fatty acid profiles of the newborns were determined. Offspring produced when the males receiving commercial diet were mated with wild-fed females were larger (P < 0.05) than those produced by wild-fed males. When both males and females were fed with commercial diet, their offspring were significantly smaller than those from the other treatment groups. When commercial diet-fed females were mated with wild-fed males, the offspring showed distortion of the snout : head length ratio. These results support the view that the preconception diet received by males and females differentially affects embryonic development.

122 SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF PARENTAL DIET DURING PREGNANCY ON EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN THE LONG SNOUT SEAHORSE (HIPPOCAMPUS REIDI; GINSBURG, 1933)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Otero-Ferrer ◽  
M. Izquierdo ◽  
A. Fazeli ◽  
W. V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

As in mammals, seahorse embryos develop internally but, unlike in mammals, this process occurs within a paternal structure (the brood pouch). Functionally, the brood pouch supports developing embryos through placenta-like interactions, but as egg quality is determined by the female's diet, the seahorse system offers opportunities to study the effect of the male's diet on embryo development while varying the female's diet independently. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that development of seahorse embryos is affected differentially by independent manipulation of the male and female parental diets. Adult males and females were fed separately with either wild-caught crustaceans (Male-W or Female-W, respectively) or commercial aquarium diet (Male-C or Female-C, respectively) for 1 month before conception and during the subsequent pregnancy (approximately 15 days). Dietary unsaturated fatty acid content (18:3n-3) and (20:4n-6) in the W diet was approximately double that in the C diet. In total, 5231 first-brood offspring were obtained from 4 treatment groups formed from (1) Male-W × Female-W; (2) Male-C × Female-W; (3) Male-W × Female-C; and (4) Male-C × Female-C. Each treatment was replicated with 4 couples. Newborns (10 from each brood) were weighed and dimensions measured. Fifteen-day postnatal survival rates were determined from 40 offspring/couple (N at Day 0 = 160/treatment) and fatty acid profiles were evaluated. Data were analysed by nested analyses of covariance (ANCOVA); replicates were nested within treatments and individual offspring measurements were nested within replicates (male and female parental sizes were used as covariates). Offspring produced by the Male-C × Female-W were ~10% taller (both as standard length and tail length; P < 0.05) than those produced by Male-W × Female-W couples but their 15-day survival was poorer (12.9% v. 39%; χ2 = 39.19, 1 DF; P < 0.001). Fifteen-day survival of the other groups was 0% in both cases. When both male and female parents were fed the commercial diet, their offspring were considerably smaller than those from all the other treatments (P < 0.05). The offspring produced by Male-W × Female-C couples showed distortion of the snout:head length ratio, a phenotypic feature that was highly consistent in the Male-W × Female-W treatment group. Fatty acid profiles of the offspring showed significant dependence on the preconception dietary treatment; 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 contents were significantly lower in Male-C × Female-C than in Male-W × Female-C (P < 0.01) offspring, showing that the male's pouch could compensate for the poorer quality of lipids derived directly from eggs. These results support the hypothesis that diet received during the preconception period and pregnancy by the males and females differentially affects embryonic growth and fatty acid content, and suggest that seahorses are a suitable model species for understanding the effects of parental diet on offspring health. Supported by the EU FP7/2007–2013 AquaExcel network (grant agreement No. 262336) and the COST Action (FA1201) (Epigenetics and Periconception Environment).

Pathogenic and virulence characterization of colonial mutants of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Vistica ◽  
Blaine L. Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Colonial Morphology

The pathogenicities in mice (comparing LD50 determinations) of two mutant strains and one wild-type strain of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2, each possessing a colonial morphology distinct from the other, were compared at respective stages of growth. Despite the three strains' colinear growth curves and similar physiological properties, unique patterns of pathogenicity emerged for each strain upon analysis. Ultrastructural and fatty acid profiles of cultures at the various growth stages were monitored. The mutant strain SCII-A1 was consistently less virulent than the other strains N. asteroides GUH-2 (SCII-P and SCII-C). Further, its fatty acid profiles as well as the shape and consistency of its colonies differed greatly from those of the wild-type strain. The fatty acid composition and the colonial morphology of strain SCII-C more closely resembled those of the parent, although its virulence was both greater than (before 28 h of growth) and less than the parent's depending upon the specific stage of growth. The comparative degrees of cellular fragmentation and complexity, as determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, were found to coincide with changes in relative degrees of pathogenicity.

Effect of fermentation temperature and different Streptococcus thermophilus to Lactobacillus bulgaricus ratios on Kermanshahi roghan and yoghurt fatty acid profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Ali Mostafaie ◽  
Gholamreza Bahrami ◽  
Maryam Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the study reported in this Research Communication was to investigate the effect of fermentation temperature (37 and 45 °C) and different ratios of Streptococcus thermophilus to Lactobacillus bulgaricus (3 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 3) on Kermanshahi roghan and yoghurt fatty acid profiles (FAP) in order to obtain a product with optimized fatty acid profiles. Kermanshahi roghan is a yoghurt by-product in western Iran (Kermanshah). The results revealed that incubation temperature at 37 °C as compared to 45 °C had a better effect on fatty acid profiles of roghan and yoghurt. Furthermore, the results showed that fatty acid profile of roghan is better than yoghurt at two experimental temperatures. On the other hand, the roghan products made by equal ratio of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus (1 : 1) had the best quality of fatty acid profiles. Although a lower incubation temperature increases incubation time, our finding suggests that inoculation ratio 1 : 1 at 37 °C as compared to 45 °C can affect the quality of roghan and yoghurt fatty acid profiles.

Perceived Age and Perceived Physical Attractiveness

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Korthase ◽  
Irene Trenholme
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Female Subjects

The purpose of the present study was to determine if there exists an inverse relationship between perceived age and perceived physical attractiveness, i.e., are older faces evaluated as less attractive? Four groups of 15 subjects were studied: adult males and females (aged 31 to 38 yr., M = 34.53 yr.), adolescent males and females (aged 14 to 16 yr., M = 14.63 yr.). Subjects were given written instructions asking them to arrange two sets of photographs, male and female, according to physical attractiveness and then according to age. Perceived age and perceived physical attractiveness were negatively correlated ( rho = –.91, p < .01), i.e., as perceived age increased perceived attractiveness decreased. Differences in rankings by 30 male vs 30 female subjects and by 30 adolescent vs 30 adult subjects were not significant. However, there was greater agreement among the adolescent females than among members of the other groups for rankings of both males' attractiveness and females' age. All subjects showed greater agreement for what constitutes females' physical attractiveness than for what constitutes males' physical attractiveness.

A new species of grass spider, Agelenopsis riechertii, from the Southwestern USA, with notes on its courtship behavior (Araneae: Agelenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
JENNIFER M. BOSCO ◽  
ANGELA CHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Behaviors ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Desert Scrub

We describe a new spider species of the genus Agelenopsis Giebel 1869 (Agelenidae) from adult males and females. Agelenopsis riechertii is found in dry desert scrub habitats in the southwestern United States. While A. riechertii is similar to other sympatric congeners (A. aleenae, A. aperta, and A. spatula) in morphology and courtship behavior, it can be distinguished by an examination of its genitalia. Males possess an embolus that gradually narrows into a twisted tip which displays a convex edge from the lateral view. The female epigyna are harder to distinguish from congeners, but have a flatter anterior atrial edge that lacks strong bi-lobing. The spermatheca in female A. riechertii are also more elongate and comma-shaped than the other species. We describe the sequence of courtship behaviors exhibited by males, including the use of web pulses, abdomen waggling, and web flexing, in which males with fewer pauses, longer waggling bouts, and fewer web flexes are more likely to successfully copulate. 

scholarly journals Effect of Sunflower, Linseed and Soybean Meal in Pig Diet on Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile of Meat and Backfat, and Its Oxidative Stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Đorđević ◽  
Jasna Đorđević ◽  
Milan Baltić Ž. ◽  
Milica Laudanović ◽  
Vlado Teodorović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Feeding Study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of added sunflower, linseed or soybean meal to a standard pig fattening diet on the chemical composition, fatty acid profiles of meat and backfat, and on the oxidative stability of backfat from pigs. The content of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly lower (P<0.01), while content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the diet with added linseed. The feeding study was conducted on 30 pigs, with groups of 10 pigs fed one of the three different diets for 46 days before slaughter. There were no differences in the chemical composition (protein, water, fat, minerals) of meat from pigs fed the different diets. The content of SFA and MUFA was significantly higher, while the average PUFA content was significantly lower (P<0.01) in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. The content of n-6 fatty acids was significantly lower and n-3 fatty acids significantly higher, with more desirable n-6/n-3 ratio, in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. Malondialdehyde in the backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed was significantly lower than that in the other two diet groups after the tissue was stored frozen at −20°C for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.

scholarly journals Effect of partial replacement of soybean and corn with raw or processed chickpea

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
A.Y. Şengü ◽  
S. Çalişlar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Treatment Groups

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using raw and processed chickpeas in various ways and levels in rations of egg-laying quail on egg yolk fat content, egg yolk fatty acid profile and some blood parameters. Chickpeas were used raw, autoclaved, and microwaved, and were included in the rations on two levels (20% and 40%). The treatments were designed as seven groups, consisting of control, 20% and 40% raw, 20% and 40% autoclaved, and 20% and 40% microwaved. Each group was designed as three repetitions. Quail were housed in multi-storey cages for nine weeks. As a result, the differences between the control and treatment groups were significant (P <0.05, P <0.01) in terms of the ratios of linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, total saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid among the egg yolk fatty acids and significant in the ALT levels of the blood parameters (P <0.01), and not significant for the other parameters.Keywords: blood parameters, chickpeas, cholesterol, fatty acids, quail

scholarly journals Usefulness of Fatty Acid Composition for Differentiation of Legionella Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2248-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Diogo ◽  
António Veríssimo ◽  
M. Fernanda Nobre ◽  
Milton S. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Numerical analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of 199 isolates and 76 reference strains, belonging to all validly described species of the genus Legionella that can be cultured in laboratory media, was used to differentiate between the species of this genus. With the exception of the strains that autofluoresced red, it was possible to differentiate all the otherLegionella species. The strains of the speciesL. bozemanii, L. dumoffii,L. feeleii, L. gormanii,L. maceachernii, L. micdadei, andL. quinlivanii did not form single clusters, showing some degree of variability in the fatty acid compositions. The strains of the blue-white autofluorescent species had very similar fatty acid compositions and were difficult to distinguish from each other. Nine isolates had fatty acid profiles unlike those of any of the validly described species and may represent different FAME groups of known species or undescribed Legionella species. The method used in this study was useful for screening and discriminating large number of isolates of Legionella species. Moreover, the results obtained can be included in a database of fatty acid profiles, leading to a more accurate automatic identification of Legionellaisolates.

Reproductive biology of the smoothback angel shark, Squatina oculata (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae), from the coast of Senegal (eastern tropical Atlantic)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Capapé ◽  
A.A. Seck ◽  
A. Gueye-Ndiaye ◽  
Y. Diatta ◽  
M. Diop
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Size At Birth

Two species of genus Squatina were recorded off the coast of Senegal and Squatina oculata is the most commonly caught in the area. Adult males and females studied were over 820 and 890 mm total length (TL) respectively, with the largest male and the largest female recorded being 1450 mm and 1570 mm and weighed 37 kg and 39 kg respectively. The females were significantly heavier than the males. Size at birth was between 226 and 266 mm and weight at birth between 129 and 159 g. Weight of ripe oocytes ranged from 87·65 to 117·60 g (mean SD 101·73±&;8·65). Gestation lasts one year minimum. Squatina oculata is a lecithotrophic species. Counts of ripe oocytes, eggs, embryos and fully developed foetuses showed that ovarian fecundity is significantly higher than uterine fecundity. The former ranged from 8 to 20 (mean SD 12·04±5·80), the latter from 3 to 8 (mean SD 6·22±3·41). There is no relationship between size and the categories of fecundity. Adult males and females were more common than the other categories of specimens landed. Among adults, females were more numerous than males, mainly gravid specimens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document