scholarly journals 20EFFECTS OF BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN TREATMENT ON AI PREGNANCY RATE IN DAIRY HEIFERS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Rorie ◽  
C.F. Rosenkrans ◽  
A.J. Aishman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Treatment of superovulated cows with bovine somatotropin (bST) at the time of insemination has been reported to decrease the number of unfertilized oocytes, while increasing the development rate and morphological quality of embryos (Thatcher WW et al., 2001 Theriogenology 55, 75–89). These findings suggest that bST treatment might be used to improve pregnancy rates in inseminated cattle. The objective of this study was to further investigate the effects of bST (Posilac; Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) treatment at or after insemination on subsequent pregnancy rate in diary heifers. Crossbred dairy heifers (n=73) between 14 to 15 months of age and averaging 331±3.6kg, were used for the study. Estrus was induced by a single or repeated (at 14-day intervals) injections of 25mg of PGF2α. Heifers were observed at least twice daily and artificially inseminated about 12h after detection of estrus. At estrus, heifers were randomly assigned across treatments. Treatments were bST (Posilac) injection (500mg, s.c.) at the time of insemination (Day 0), on Day 14, or both at insemination and on Day 14. Untreated animals served as controls. On Day 45 after estrus, ultrasonography was used to determine pregnancy status and measure fetal-crown rump length. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the effect of treatment on pregnancy rate. Analysis of variance was used to compare fetal crown-rump length among treatments. Results are presented in the table below. Treatment of heifers with bST at insemination had no effect (P=0.306) on pregnancy rate when compared with the control group. However, bST treatment on Day 14, or on both Days 0 and 14, reduced (P=0.009)pregnancy rate, when compared with the control and Day 0 bST treatment groups. Pregnancy rate was similar (P=0.729) for heifers receiving bST on Day 14v. Days 0 and 14. Fetal growth, as measured by crown-rump length, was unaffected by treatment (P=0.603). Results indicate the timing of bST treatment after the onset of estrus can influence the subsequent pregnancy rate in dairy heifers.

9 EFFECT OF TIMING OF INSEMINATION WITH SORTED SEMEN ON SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY RATE IN POSTPARTUM BEEF COWS SYNCHRONIZED WITH A MODIFIED 14-DAY PROGESTERONE PROTOCOL

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
A. J. Davis ◽  
J. G. Powell ◽  
T. D. Lester ◽  
R. W. Rorie
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pregnancy Status

A study investigated the effect of AI timing on pregnancy rate when using X sorted semen, and whether prostaglandin F2α (PGF2) injection on Day 7 of a modified 14-day progesterone (P4) protocol improved oestrous response in beef cows. Angus-based cows were allotted across treatment groups by cyclicity, parity, weight, body condition, and days postpartum. Treatment 1 (n = 132) cows received a CIDR P4 insert (Eazi-Breed CIDR, Pfizer Animal Health, Groton, CT, USA) on Day 0, with CIDR removal on Day 14, followed by 100 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Factrel, Pfizer) on Day 16, and 25 mg of PGF2 (Lutalyse, Pfizer) on Day 23. Treatment 2 (n = 132) cows received the same synchronization treatment, except for an additional 25 mg dose of PGF2 given on Day 7 of CIDR treatment. Cows were observed for oestrus over an 84-h period and inseminated with X-sorted semen at 9 to 14, 15 to 17, 18 to 21 or 22 to 24 h after detected oestrus, followed 10 days later by exposure to fertile bulls for 45 days. Ultrasonography was used to determine pregnancy status ~45 days after AI and again 45 to 55 days after bull removal. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine the effects of treatment on oestrus response, AI pregnancy, and seasonal pregnancy rates, and the effect of AI timing on pregnancy rate. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of treatment on the interval from PGF2 dosing to detected oestrus. Oestrus response to synchronization treatment was similar (P = 0.33) at 76.5 and 71.2% for cows in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The mean interval from PGF2 to the onset of oestrus was extended (P = 0.03) ~3 h for cows in Treatment 2 (57.4 v. 54.3 h, respectively). About two-thirds of the cows in each treatment were cyclic at the start of synchronization. The extended interval from PGF2 to observed oestrus was due to an effect on cyclic, but not acyclic, cows in Treatment 2. Of the cows expressing oestrus, 69 and 89% expressed oestrus 48 to 72 h post-PGF2 in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. Pregnancy rates after AI with sorted semen were similar (P = 0.64) at 63.3 and 66.7% for Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. No differences (P = 0.98) were detected in AI pregnancy rates for insemination intervals ranging from 9 to 24 h after detected oestrus. At the end of the breeding season, seasonal pregnancy rates were also similar (P = 0.74), at 83.3 and 84.9% for cows in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The addition of a PGF2 treatment on Day 7 of our 14-day CIDR-based protocol was expected to ensure all cows has sub-luteal P4 concentrations and would develop a persistent follicle capable of ovulation in response to GnRH given on Day 16. Whereas the Day 7 PGF2 treatment had no effect on oestrus response or pregnancy rate, it did result in a more synchronous oestrus within a 24-h period. Results indicate that acceptable pregnancy rates can be achieved in lactating beef cows when using sorted semen over a range of insemination times.

110 First ovum pickup-in vitro-produced lidia breed calves using Lidia breed recipients: influence of age and state of the recipients and in vitro-produced embryos on pregnancy rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
G. Gamarra Lazo ◽  
D. Di Scala ◽  
S. Maunas ◽  
R. Chaubet ◽  
S. Lacaze
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

We previously demonstrated the success of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in Lidia breed cattle (Gamarra Lazo et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 30, 187). As in other species, the success of IVP is linked to the birth of calves from this technique. In the Lidia breed, an important factor to consider is the use of Lidia recipients in order to keep the temperament characteristic of this breed to next generations. The aim of the study was to produce ovum pickup (OPU)-IVP calves in the Lidia breed and to assess the effects of recipient and embryo related factors (status of the recipients; development stage of IVF embryos) on pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Ovum pickup-IVP embryos from Lidia breeds were produced by a standard protocol (Gamarra Lazo et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 30, 187). Numbers of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were recorded on Day 7. A total of 27 blastocysts (B) and 34 expanded blastocysts (EB) of excellent quality (grade 1 according to IETS classification) were selected for fresh transfer. All embryos were transferred to Lidia breed recipients (heifers or cows) by a single operator under similar environmental and field conditions. Recipients were synchronized by subcutaneous insertion of an ear implant of 3.3mg of Norgestomet (Crestar®, MSD, Courbevoie, France) for 9 days. Two days before implant withdrawal, 0.5mg of Cloprostenol (Estrumate®, MSD) was injected. No oestrous detection was performed and synchronized females were selected as recipients when they presented a well developed corpus luteum at Day 9 after implant withdrawal (Day 6 to 7 after the expected oestrus). Blood samples were collected from recipients to determine pregnancy status using the bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein (Idexx, Westbrook, ME, USA) 50-60 days after transfer. Pregnancy rates were analysed by chi-square analysis to compare results between heifers and cows and between B and EB embryo stages. The overall pregnancy rate after transfer of IVP fresh embryos from Lidia breed averaged 41.0% (n=25). A higher pregnancy rate was achieved in cows compared to heifers [51.2% (21/41) v. 20.0% (4/20) respectively, P<0.05]. There was no difference in pregnancy rate between grade 1B [37% (10/27)] and EB [44.1% (15/34)] embryos (P>0.05). Surprisingly, these results suggest that Lidia breed cows are the best recipients for OPU-IVP embryos. This may be related to the limited feasibility of manipulating the uterine horn during the embryo transfer in Lidia breed heifers, which have a low weight (less than 280kg) and present a narrow rectum diameter. It has been also observed that the cervix is very thin and difficult to cross, thus increasing the stress and potentially inflammatory and immune products secretion. Development stage of embryos did not affect pregnancy rate. To our knowledge, no OPU-IVP Lidia breed calves have been reported previously following transfer into Lidia breed recipients. In the current work, 13 OPU-IVP Lidia breed calves were born. Therefore, we confirmed the possibility of applying OPU-IVP and embryo transfer techniques in this breed within a genetic program.

146 CO-CULTURE OF EARLY CLEAVAGE STAGE IVP EMBRYOS WITH BOVINE OVIDUCT EPITHELIAL CELLS DOES NOT IMPROVE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT OR PREGNANCY RATES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
R. C. Fry ◽  
K. L. Fry ◽  
W. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Pregnancy rates after the transfer of bovine IVP embryos are lower than that achieved after the transfer of MOET embryos. One reason may be that the relatively defined IVC (SOFaaBSA) culture system used in vitro is suboptimal for embryo development. We investigated whether the co-culture of early stage IVP embryos with bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) to Day 3 could provide some of the missing substrates and improve both embryo production and subsequent pregnancy rates after embryo transfer. COCs were collected by ovum pickup (OPU) from donor Brahman females, transported overnight at 38.5°C to the laboratory in HEPES-IVM media, then fertilized and cultured by our standard IVP methodology (Fry et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 446). Briefly, the IVC was carried out at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 in 4-well Nunc dishes in 500 μL of SOFaaBSA media overlayed by 500 μL of mineral oil. After 3 days of culture, the embryos were transferred to fresh IVC media and after 6 days placed in 5-mL Falcon tubes (Becton Dickinson Labware, Lincoln, NJ, USA) in fresh IVC media containing 2% FCS for overnight shipment. All grade 1 and 2 embryos were transferred to synchronized recipients on Day 7. Pregnancy diagnosis was between Days 50-90. In the BOEC treatment group, frozen aliquots of BOEC were thawed, seeded at 300,000 cells/mL, and grown for 2 days to 60-80% confluence in the Nunc wells in 500μL of DMEM/F12 media containing 10% FCS. On the first day of embryo culture, the media was removed and replaced by IVC media prior to the introduction of presumptive zygotes. After 3 days of co-culture, the embryos were transferred to fresh IVC media and thereafter cultured and transferred as for the Control group. In the Control group, 80 OPU sessions produced 1277 COCs (mean 16.0) of which 1064 (81.6%) cleaved producing 385 (33.7%) transferable embryos. Of the 337 embryos transferred to recipients (48 were vitrified), 141 (40.1%) resulted in pregnancies. In the BOEC group, 73 OPU sessions produced 1111 COCs (mean 15.2) of which 891 (80.2%) cleaved producing 388 (35%) transferable embryos that resulted in 161 (41.5%) pregnant recipients after transfer. Chi-square analysis showed no difference in either IVP embryo production or subsequent pregnancy rate between the Control group or the group where the IVP embryo was co-cultured for the first 3 days with BOEC.

scholarly journals Relationship Physical Environmental in Bedroom and Familyroom with New Cases of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the work area of Puskesmas Songgon Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Ayudita Ismiyanti ◽  
Corie Indria Prasasti ◽  
Erni Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The People ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease due to the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Until now, TB disease is still one of the world's health problems and its existence is often linked to environmental problems. This study aims to analyze the physical environmental factors of the house, especially in the bedroom and familiy room associated with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis new cases in the work area of ​​Puskesmas Songgon Banyuwangi. The design of this research is case control, with the comparison of case:control is 1: 2. A total of 15 people from the case group were taken from SITT (Integrated Tuberculosis Information System) Puskesmas Songgon Banyuwangi and selected using simple random sampling method, while 30 control group were neighbors of case group matching based on gender. Dependent variables is new cases of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of ​​Puskesmas Songgon Banyuwangi and independent variables include ventilation, temperature, humidity, and lighting in bedroom and famiy room. The result of chi square analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between bedroom lighting (OR=4,667; 95%CI=1,237-17,600; p=0,043) and family room lighting (OR=4,571; 95%CI=1,182-17,678; p=0,039) with a new case of smear positive pulmonary TB in the work area of Puskesmas Songgon Banyuwangi. Therefore, the need for awareness to the community, especially the people with pulmonary tuberculosis, by health personnel Pukesmas Songgon Banyuwangi about the importance of keeping the home environment to stay healthy, one of them by allowing air to change and sunlight can enter the house by opening the window in every room house in the morning, and replace the brick tile with glass tile.   Keywords : Pulmonary Tuberculosis, smear, lighting, bedroom, family room

scholarly journals In Vivo Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets to Fluorosed Enamel using an Adhesion Promotor

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Noble ◽  
Nicholas E. Karaiskos ◽  
William A. Wiltshire
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objectives: To determine the success of bracket retention using an adhesion promoter with and without the additional microabrasion of enamel. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two teeth with severe dental fluorosis were bonded in vivo using a split-mouth design where the enamel surfaces of 26 teeth were microabraded with 50 μm of aluminum silicate for 5 seconds under rubber dam and high volume suction. Thirty-seven percent phosphoric acid was then applied to the enamel, washed and dried, and followed by placement of Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus Bonding Adhesive. Finally, precoated 3M Unitek Victory brackets were placed and light cured. The remaining teeth were bonded using the same protocol but without microabrasion. Results: After 9 months of intraoral service, only one bond failure occurred in the control group where microabrasion was used. Chi-square analysis revealed P = .31, indicating no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusions: Bonding orthodontic attachments to fluorosed enamel using an adhesion promoter is a viable clinical procedure that does not require the additional micro-mechanical abrasion step.

206 EFFECTS OF A COMBINATION OF A PRID, PGF2α AND eCG, ON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND PREGNANCY RATE FOLLOWING EMBRYO TRANSFER IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aoyagi ◽  
A. Ideta ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
K. Hayama ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

Successful bovine embryo transfer requires synchronization of luteolysis, estrus and ovulation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of a PRID, PGF2� and eCG, on estrus synchronization and pregnancy rate in recipient heifers. A PRID� (ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the vagina at random days of the estrous cycle for 7 (n = 35) or 9 (n = 43) days. Two days before removal of the PRID, the heifers were injected with PGF2� IM (2 mL Resipron�-C containing 0.25 mg mL-1 cloprostenol; ASKA). About half of the heifers in each group received 250 IU eCG IM (Serotropin�; ASKA) at the time of PRID removal. Blood was collected several times from the start of treatment for 7 (n = 9) or 9 (n = 9) days and on the day of embryo transfer by jugular venipuncture; plasma was immediately separated and stored at -20�C until assayed for plasma concentrations of estradiol-17α (E2) and progesterone (P4). The E2 and P4 determinations were performed by enzyme immunoassay after extraction by diethyl ether. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography on Day 30 (Day 0 = estrus). The rates of successful standing estrus (no. in estrus/PRID inserted), embryo transfer (no. transferred/estrus), and pregnancy (no. pregnancy/transferred) were compared between groups. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis or Fisher's PLSD test following ANOVA. Injection of eCG at the time of PRID removal had no significant effect on the rates of successful standing estrus, embryo transfer, or pregnancy (P > 0.05). The proportion of heifers treated for 9 days that exhibited standing estrus (93%, 40/43) was significantly higher than the proportion of heifers treated for 7 days that exhibited standing estrus (66%, 23/35, P < 0.01). Of the heifers that were treated for 9 days, the proportion of heifers exhibiting standing estrus within 2 days after the end of treatment was significantly higher (93%, 37/40) than for heifers that were treated for 7 days (65%, 15/23; P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates of heifers treated for 9 days (84%, 32/38) and 7 days (81%, 17/21) were not significantly different. The E2 : P4 ratio normally increases during follicle growth and CL regression. The plasma E2 : P4 ratio between the time of injection of PGF2α and the time of PRID removal was significantly higher for heifers that were treated for 9 days than it was for heifers that were treated for 7 days (P < 0.01). These results suggest that a combination of PRID treatment for 9 days and injection of PGF2α 2 days before PRID removal successfully synchronized estrus in recipient heifers and led to high pregnancy rates following embryo transfer.

10 INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ON DAY 4 AFTER FIXED-TIME AI ON CORPUS LUTEUM SIZE, FUNCTION, AND PREGNANCY RATE IN BEEF COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
J. B. S. Borges ◽  
D. X. Thedy
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Early Rise

Successful establishment of pregnancy in the cow depends on early rise of progesterone (P4) to improve embryo development. The present study was carried out to determine the corpus luteum (CL) function and pregnancy rate following the administration of 1.500 IU of hCG in suckled beef cows on Day 4 after fixed-time AI (FTAI). Crossbred Angus cows (n = 429), 40 to 70 days postpartum, were synchronized using 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB) i.m. and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device containing 1 g of P4 for 7 days. At device removal, prostaglandin F2a (150 mg of D-cloprostenol) was injected i.m.; 24 h later, 1 mg of EB was given and the FTAI were done 30 to 36 h after EB using semen of just 1 bull. Cows were assigned alternatively to receive 1.500 IU of hCG i.m. (n = 200) or 1 mL of saline i.m. (n = 229) on Day 4 after FTAI. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (n = 71) on Days 4 and 7 to detect the presence and to measure the area of CL. Blood samples were collected on Days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 30 post-oestrus to determine P4 concentration by RIA. Pregnancy diagnoses were done 30 days after FTAI. The effects of treatments on CL area and serum P4 levels were analysed by ANOVA (Proc GLM, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and pregnancy rates compared by chi-square (Proc CATMOT, SAS). The induction of accessory CL determined on Day 7 was 44% in cows treated with hCG and not observed in the control group. The area of the CL on Day 7 was significantly higher (P < 0.01; 3.37 ± 2.56 v. 2.56 ± 0.22 cm2) in the hCG group. Despite the increase in CL size, the mean levels of P4 on Days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 30 post-AI indicated no difference (P > 0.05) in CL function between control and hCG-treated cows. On Day 30, pregnancy rates were not different (P = 0.08), at 46.7 and 55% for control and hCG-treated cows, respectively. In conclusion, administration of 1.500 IU of hCG on Day 4 post-FTAI did not improve pregnancy rate in suckled beef cows.

scholarly journals Evaluation of school-based prevention program in Turkey: Results of a 24-month study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coruh Turksel Dulgergil ◽  
Ertugrul Ercan ◽  
Hakan Colak
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Provincial Center

ABSTRACT Objective: In this paper, cavity experiences of children with different levels of eruption and cavity activities that are enrolled at an elementary school with semi-rural characteristics in Kırıkkale Provincial center were monitored for 2 years after a variety of protective applications. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two children at the age of 7–11 were included in this study. Children were grouped as follows according to their cavity experiences and applications done: Group 1 - control group (with or without cavities) – was given hygiene training only; Group 2 - with medium level cavity activity (2–4 cavities in average) – oral hygiene training + surface restoration applied; Group 3 - children with 2–4 cavities on average – oral hygiene training + professional flour gel applied; Group 4 - children with 2–4 cavities in average – oral hygiene training + flour gel applied with brush; Group 5 - children with extreme cavity activity (children with 5 or more cavities) – oral hygiene training + surface restoration + professional flour gel combination applied. Results: At the end of the 2nd year, 277 children were reached. The increase of number of cavities in permanent teeth was determined as 35%, 0%, 1%, 0%, and 7% in groups 1–5, respectively. The difference between groups was found to be significant (Chi-square analysis, Pearson Chi-square = 27.002, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These findings have showed that, in Kırıkkale Provincial center, some cavity-preventive measures such as surface restoration and gel applications, along with hygiene training, could provide optimum protection for school-age children.

Prevalence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kannan ◽  
Justyna Kotus-Bart ◽  
Aman Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe thyroid functions as a regulator of cardiac function and rhythm through genomic and nongenomic actions of triiodothyronine (T3) in cardiac myocytes. Atrial fibrillation is a common complication of thyrotoxicosis. Hypothyroidism is not considered a risk factor for arrhythmias despite well-known EKG changes in this condition. This case control study was conducted to analyze the differences, if any, in the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias between hypothyroid patients and euthyroid controls. Three hundred and four consecutive patients admitted at our medical center for a period of one year were included in the study. The study population was divided into 2 groups (age, gender and race matched): patients with hypothyroidism and euthyroid subjects as a control group. Major arrhythmia data were obtained from telemetry recordings and from known past medical history. There were 152 subjects in each arm of the study. The mean age was 61.9 years. Mean TSH in hypothyroid group was 40.4 mIU/l (95% CI 33.3–47.5) (range 10.09–304, SE 3.62) and in euthyroid group was 0.89 mIU/l (95% CI 0.82–0.96). Chi-square analysis revealed a higher prevalence of ventricular tachycardia (p=0.04) and any ventricular arrhythmia in the hypothyroid group (p=0.007). This relatively large case control study revealed a statistically higher prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in hypothyroidism. Our study has thrown light on the prevalence of arrhythmias in hypothyroidism and the observation of increased ventricular arrhythmias necessitates future large scale prospective studies to better define the risk of such ventricular arrhythmias and the effects of thyroid supplementation on this risk.

scholarly journals 181COMPARISON OF THE PREGNANCY RATES AFTER SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION USING GnRH AND PGF2± IN RECIPIENT DAIRY CATTLE

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nishisouzu ◽  
M. Sugawara ◽  
S. Aoki ◽  
K. Kishida ◽  
M. Moriyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Follicle Diameter

Treatments with GnRH and PGF2α for synchronization of ovulation has resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates after fixed-time artificial insemination in dairy cows without estrus detection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the practicability of ovulation synchronization (Ovsynch, Pursley JR et al. 1995 Theriogenology 44, 915–923) in dairy cattle using GnRH and PGF2α for the embryo transfer recipients. Dairy cattle (cows; n=100, heifers; n=88) were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The control group (cows; n=45, heifers; n=37) was composed of cows in natural estrus. The ovulation synchronization group (cows; n=55, heifers; n=51) was treated with an intramuscular injection of 100μg of GnRH at a random stage of the estrous cycle. Seven days later, the cattle received PGF2α (Cows; 25–30mg) or PGF2α analog (Heifers; 0.5mg) in order to regress the corpora lutea (CL). Forty-eight hours later, cows and heifers received a second injection of 100μg GnRH. Embryo transfer was carried out 7 days after the second injection of GnRH in the ovsynch group and 7 days after estrus in the control group. The cattle judged to have CL 17mm were classified as acceptable recipients. The size of the follicles and the CL were determined to be of estrus stage and embryo transfer by means of ultrasonography. The mean numbers of follicles and CL were analyzed by ANOVA, while pregnancy rates were analyzed by chi-square test. The results are presented in the Table. The proportion of cows and heifers determined to be acceptable embryo transfers was not different between the control group and the ovsynch group. There were no differences in the proportion of acceptable embryo transfers between the control group and the ovsynch group. Follicle diameter at the time of estrus in the control group (cows; 20.7±0.7mm, heifers; 16.8±0.5mm) were significantly larger than that of the ovsynch group (cows; 18.0±1.0mm, heifers; 14.7±0.2mm) (P&lt;0.05). Although CL diameter at the time of embryo transfer in heifers showed no differences between the control group and the ovsynch group (25.0±1.0mm v. 22.8±1.5mm), The CL diameter of the control cow group was larger than that of the ovsynch group (29.8±0.7mm v. 26.1±1.0mm, P&lt;0.05). However, no differences in pregnancy rate were seen between the control group and the ovsynch group. These results suggest that ovsynch can be effectively applied in an embryo transfer program for cattle. Table 1 Proportion of acceptable embryo transfer recipients and pregnancy rate in dairy cattle in the control ovsynch groups

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