443 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING OOCYTE COLLECTION AND EMBRYOS PRODUCTION IN A COMMERCIAL OVUM PICKUP-IVP SYSTEM IN HOLSTEIN AND MONTBELIARD BREEDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guyader-Joly ◽  
B. Moulin ◽  
F. Mariller ◽  
V. Curin ◽  
S. Ponchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oocyte Collection ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this work was to identify biological factors affecting oocyte collection, embryo production, and subsequent pregnancy rates through a retrospective study conducted from 381 commercial ovum pickup (OPU)-IVP sessions performed on high genetic Holstein and Montbeliard donors. Oocytes were retrieved using an ultrasound scanner SC 200 (Pie Medical, Maastricht, the Netherlands) equipped with a 7.5-MHz annular-array transducer. Donors were superovulated at Day 12 of presynchronized cycle with FSH (Stimufol®, Rhone-Merieux, Lyon, France) divided in 5 decreasing doses over 2.5 days. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected 12h after last FSH injection and matured for 22 h in TCM-199 HEPES plus FCS, FSH, estradiol, and EGF They were then fertilized in fert-TALP with frozen-thawed semen. Zygotes were cultured for 6 days on a monolayer of Vero cells in B2 medium. Day 7 embryos were transferred as fresh into recipients. The effects of donor breed, dominant follicle puncture (DFP), and physiological state of females on oocyte and embryo production were analyzed by ANOVA (proc GLM, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). From all collected animals, most (80.6%) of the donors were cows (55% collected as early pregnant and 31.9% previously infertile) and 19.4% were heifers (from those 86.5% pregnant). The mean number of collected COCs per session was 13.3 ± 8.3 (mean ± SD), 57.8% of which had ≥3 layers of cumulus cells (grades 1 and 2). A mean of 10.8 ± 6.9 COCs were subjected to IVM-IVF-IVC, which resulted in 3.5 ± 3.5 blastocysts per session (77% were graded as 1 and 2) whereas 2.8 ± 2.5 embryos were transferred into recipients. An overall pregnancy rate of 50.4% (544/1080) was obtained at Day 90: 59.1%, 50.4%, and 27.9% for grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 blastocysts, respectively. The OPU sessions resulted in at least one Day 90 pregnancy in 61.2% of the cases. Breed had no effect on the number of collected COCs but a higher percentage of grade 1 and 2 COCs were observed for Montbeliard than for Holstein donors (60 v. 53%). Dominant follicle puncture 48 h prior to superovulation treatment significantly increased the number of COCs (15.7 ± 9.9 v. 10.9 ± 5.6; P < 0.05), the number of developed and transferred embryos and the number of pregnancies per session (4 ± 33.9 v. 7 ± 2.8; 3.3 ± 2.6 v. 2.4 ± 2.4; 1.7 ± 1.6 v. 1.2 ± 1.4, respectively). This effect was particularly impressive for Montbeliard heifers. Higher numbers of COCs were collected from infertile cows, nonpregnant cows as for early pregnant heifers (16.9 ± 10.4; 13.8 ± 7.6, and 13.8 ± 8.6, respectively) when compared with pregnant cows and nonpregnant heifers (11.0 ± 6.1; 10.5 ± 6.6; P < 0.05). The mean number of developed embryos was also influenced by parity of the donor and was 4.5 ± 4.5; 3.4 ± 3.7; 3.1 ± 2.8 for infertile, nonpregnant, and pregnant cows and 3.0 ± 3.4 and 2.5 ± 2.3 for pregnant and nonpregnant heifers, respectively. In conclusion, oocyte collection and embryo production were mainly influenced by parity and physiological status of Holstein and Montbeliard donors. Puncture of dominant follicle at the start of superovulation treatment increased the overall quantity of COCs and improved the efficiency of the IVP procedure.

179 COMPARISON OF OOCYTE AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION AMONG BOS TAURUS, BOS INDICUS, AND INDICUS-TAURUS DONOR COWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. F. Pontes ◽  
K. C. F. Silva ◽  
A. C. Basso ◽  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
G. M. G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Donor Cows

In recent years, Brazil has become the leading country in the world for the number of embryos produced in vitro (Thibier M 2009 IETS Embryo Transfer Newsletter 22, 12-19). This is partly due to the large numbers of Bos indicus animals in Brazil, making up about 80% of the total cattle. The mean oocyte production per ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration from Bos indicus is higher than those for European breeds (Pontes JHF et al. 2009 Theriogenology 71, 690-697). In the present study, we analyzed 5407 ovum pick ups (OPU) and compared the average production of total (n = 90,086) and viable (n = 64,826) oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Gir (Bos taurus indicus), Holstein (Bos taurus taurus), 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed cows. To obtain oocytes, OPU was repeated from 4 to 7 times (mean = 5.7 ± 2.4) in each donor cow aged from 3 to 7 years (mean = 5.0 ± 2.3) during a 12-mo period. COCs (n = 90,086) obtained were classified according to the presence of cumulus cells and the oocyte cytoplasm aspect (homogeneous or heterogeneous/fragmented). The viable oocytes (n = 64,826) were in vitro matured for 24 h at 38.8°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Since this was a commercial programm, frozen sexed semen (2 × 106 mL-1) from Gir (n = 8) or Holstein (n = 7) sires previously tested for high efficiency was used for IVF. Fertilization was carried out (18-20 h) and the presumed embryos were cultured for 7 days in the same conditions as were used for IVM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. On average, 16.7 ± 6.2 oocytes were obtained per OPU/IVF procedure and 71.96% were considered viable. The mean numbers of total oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 17.1 ± 4.4 for Gir cows (n = 617), 11.4 ± 3.9 for Holstein cows (n = 180), 20.4 ± 5.8 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir (n = 44), and 31.4 ± 5.6 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (n = 37, P < 0.01). The mean numbers of viable oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 12.1 ± 3.8 for Gir cows, 8.0 ± 2.6 for Holstein cows, 16.8, ± 5.0 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 24.3 ± 4.7 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (P < 0.01). The average number of embryos produced by OPU/IVF were 3.2 (n = 12,243/3378) for Gir cows, 2.2 (n = 2426/1138) for Holstein cows, 3.9 (n = 1033/267) for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 5.5 (n = 1222/224) for 1/2 Holstein-Gir. The average number of embryos produced per IVF session from 1/2 taurus × indicus donor cows was greater (P < 0.01) than from Bos indicus cows. The number of recoverable and viable oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Bos indicus donors were higher than from Bos taurus females. Therefore, the highest oocyte yield and the greatest embryo production were obtained from 1/2 taurus × indicus females. This work was supported by In Vitro Brasil.

Factors Affecting the Distribution, Abundance, and Measurement of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) Spawn

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay ◽  
A. R. Kronlund
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stock Abundance

Records of the date, location, and magnitude of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) spawnings in British Columbia, collected since 1928, were compiled and analysed. In the early years of spawn surveys, adjacent spawnings were often reported as single events. Gradually, this practice has changed so that each spawning has a separate record. As a consequence of this change in methods, the mean length of spawnings has decreased in recent years but the total numbers of records has increased. Estimates of mean spawning width and intensity have also changed, partly due to changing survey methods as well as changing spawning distributions. A spawn abundance index is developed to account for these temporal changes. Abiotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance of spawn deposition include sea surface temperatures and the fishery. Biological factors affecting spawn distribution and abundance are not as well defined, but it is shown that in some situations, spawn dimensions may change as a function of stock abundance.

Studies on some of the physical and biological factors affecting the abundance of the Aedes simpsoni (Diptera: Culicidae) complex-larvae and pupae in plant axils

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Lutwama ◽  
L. G. Mukwaya
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Habitat Segregation ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Aedes Simpsoni ◽  
Indices Of Association

AbstractSome physical and biological factors affecting the abundance of larvae and pupae of the Aedes simpsoni (Theobald) complex, in leaf axils of different plants at several locations in Uganda, were investigated during the rainy and dry seasons. The mean number of axils per plant, axils containing larvae and pupae, and the mean number of larvae and pupae per ml of axil water all varied between seasons and locations. The percentage of axils containing larvae and pupae increased with volume of water in the axils of the different plants. The mean number of larvae and pupae per axil containing water also increased with water content of the axils. There was more water in the axils during the rainy than during the dry seasons. The mean temperature of water was lower in Xanthosorna sagittifoliurn (20.4°C) and Colocasia esculentum (22.1°–22.7°C) than in those of banana (25.0°–27.2°C) and this affected developmental rates of larvae and pupae. The indices of association between larvae and pupae of the A. simpsoni complex and Malaya taeniarostris (Theobald) did not indicate competition and there was some habitat segregation between them. The volume and temperature of water in the axils appeared to be the major factors affecting larval and pupal abundance of A. simpsoni in the axils.

Induction of lamb follicular development and embryo production in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xiao-Yong ◽  
Tian Shu-Jun ◽  
Sang Run-Zi ◽  
Sun Shu-Chun ◽  
Zhao Zhu-Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Development Capability

AbstractEffect of lamb age, transport stimulation and repeated hormone superovulation on the number of collected oocytes were determined. Effect of the culture medium containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the development of embryos produced in vitro from lamb oocytes was also investigated. Results indicated that the mean numbers of collected and available oocytes (oocytes with compacted cumulus cells, evenly granulated ooplasm and morphologically normal) from 6- to 8-week-old lambs were 60.8±13.9 and 58.2±12.3, respectively. These figures were higher than those obtained from 12- to 14-week-old lambs (27.3±5.1 and 26.0±4.9) (P<0.05). Stimulation by transportation didn't decrease the number of collected oocytes from the superovulated lambs (P>0.05). However, the number of collected oocytes in the repeated superovulation group was significantly reduced, compared with the control group (P<0.05). The embryonic culture medium supplemented with 10 μmol/l EDTA highly improved the development capability of the embryos from lamb oocytes (P<0.05). Healthy lambs were born following embryo transfer.

In Vitro maturation rate of oocytes collected from indigenous cows of Assam after slaughter

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Deka ◽  
D. J. Kalita ◽  
S. Sarma ◽  
D. J. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Cumulus Expansion ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Oocyte Collection ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ideal Method

Sixty healthy ovaries were collected from local slaughter house. Oocytes from small and medium sized follicles (2-8 mm in diameter) were selected for oocyte collection using aspiration followed by slicing . A and B category ( cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) with more than 5 layers and 3-5 layers respectively of compact cumulus cells surrounding the zona pellucida) were selected for <italic>in vitro</italic> maturation. A total of 361 oocytes were found to be matured with overall mean maturation rate of 82.59 ± 0.02%. The mean number of grade A, B and C oocytes recovered per ovary was 4.26 ± 0.53, 3.05 ± 0.31 and 1.25 ± 0.19, respectively. The overall recovery of grade A, B and C oocytes were 256, 183 and 74 . Out of 439 oocytes 58.86 ± 0.05%, 33.23 ±0.04 % and 9.90 ± 0.04 % showed +++, ++ and + degrees of cumulus expansion, respectively. It was concluded that aspiration followed by slicing is an ideal method for maximum yield of oocytes and <italic>in vitro</italic> maturation in indigenous cow of Assam.

scholarly journals Predictive Microbiology of Dairy Products: Influence of Biological Factors Affecting Growth of Listeria monocytogenes

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Brouillaud-Delattre ◽  
Murielle Maire ◽  
Catherine Collette ◽  
Cesar Mattei ◽  
Cecille Lahellec
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract The growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated at low temperature in sterilized milk and raw dairy products. Sterilized and raw milk were inoculated with different strains of L. monocytogenes in 2 physiological states and at various contamination levels. Raw cheese was naturally contaminated with Listeria spp. The results suggest that some biological factors influence the growth capacity of L. monocytogenes in dairy products. Significant strain effect was observed at low temperature whatever the growth medium. By contrast, no inoculum effect was observed in the 3 dairy products. In raw matrixes, growth of L. monocytogenes was influenced greatly by bacterial interactions and physiological state of inoculum cells.

scholarly journals Evidence of oocyte donor cow effect over oocyte production and embryo development in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tamassia ◽  
Y Heyman ◽  
Y Lavergne ◽  
C Richard ◽  
V Gelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Rate ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Oocyte Donor ◽  
Oocyte Collection ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Development In Vitro

There have been few studies on a possible maternal influence on in vitro embryo production in cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal influence on oocyte production and in vitro blastocyst formation rate using repeated ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization. Six contemporary cows raised on the same farm and with varied genetic origins were submitted to 42 weeks of ovum pick-up organized into four series. Collected oocytes were fertilized in vitro with spermatozoa from a different bull for each series. In total, 1933 oocytes were recovered from 3936 follicles with a recovery rate of 57.2% and a mean oocyte collection of 4.6+/-0.2 (mean+/-SEM) per animal per session. Animals were ranked according to their oocyte production. The best oocyte donor was the same female in all four series. No relationship was identified between oocyte production and blastocyst production rate (r=-0.08). The mean blastocyst rate was 28.8% with significant variation among animals. The best and the worst blastocyst producers were always the same animals independent of the semen used. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that in cattle, the oocyte donor influences the production of blastocysts. Furthermore, they demonstrate that oocyte and embryo production are independent factors. Further studies are necessary to identify the maternal or oocyte factors responsible for such differences.

Magnetic resonance image attributes of the bovine ovarian follicle antrum during development and regression

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Hilton ◽  
GE Sarty ◽  
GP Adams ◽  
RA Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Rate Heterogeneity ◽  
Pixel Value

The magnetic resonance images and maps of bovine ovaries acquired at defined phases of follicular development and regression were studied to determine whether magnetic resonance image attributes of the follicular antrum reflect the physiological status of dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles. Ovariectomies were performed at day 3 of wave one, day 6 of wave one, day 1 of wave two and at >/= day 17 after ovulation. The timings of ovariectomies were selected to acquire growing, early static, late static and regressing follicles of the first wave and preovulatory follicles of the ovulatory wave. Pre-selection and subordinate follicles were also available for analysis. Serum samples were taken on the day of ovariectomy and follicular fluid samples were taken after imaging. Numerical pixel value and pixel heterogeneity in a spot representing approximately 95% of the follicular antrum were quantified in T(1)- and T(2)-weighted images. T(1) and T(2) relaxation rates (T(1) and T(2)), proton density, apparent diffusion coefficients and their heterogeneities were determined from the computed magnetic resonance maps. The antra of early atretic dominant follicles showed higher T(2)-weighted mean pixel value (P < 0.008) and heterogeneity (P < 0. 01) and lower T(2) heterogeneity (P < 0.008) than growing follicles. Subordinate follicles in the presence of a preovulatory dominant follicle had higher T(1), T(1) heterogeneity, proton density, proton density heterogeneity, and lower mean pixel value in T(1)-weighted images than subordinate follicles of the anovulatory wave (P < 0.04). T(1) relaxation rate heterogeneity and proton density heterogeneity were positively correlated with follicular fluid oestradiol concentration (r = 0.4 and 0.3; P < 0.04). T(2) relaxation rate heterogeneity was positively correlated with follicular fluid progesterone concentration (r = 0.4; P < 0.008). Quantitative differences in magnetic resonance image attributes of the antrum observed among phases of follicular development and regression coincided with changes in the ability of the dominant follicle to produce steroid hormones and ovulate, and thus were indicative of physiological status and follicular health.

ABOUT SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE POPULATION OF SCENEDESMUS QUADRICAUDA (TURP.) BREB. IN THE PRESENCE OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
V. I. Ipatova ◽  
A. G. Dmitrieva ◽  
О. F. Filenko ◽  
T. V. Drozdenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Scenedesmus Quadricauda ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations

The structure of the laboratory population of green microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb (=Desmodesmus communis E. Hegew.) was studied at different stages of its growth (lag-phase, log-phase and stationary phase) at low concentrations of copper chloride and silver nitrate by the method microculture, allowing to monitor the state and development of single cells having different physiological status. The response of the culture of S. quadricauda - the change in the number of cells and the fractional composition (the fraction of dividing, «dormant» and dying cells) depended not only on the concentration of the toxicant in the medium, but also on the physiological state of the culture: the level of synchronization and the growth phase. Silver ions at low concentrations had a more pronounced toxic effect on the culture than copper ions at different phases of its development, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l (10-9 M). The main mechanism of the toxic effect of metals is to inhibit the process of cell division. At low concentrations of toxicants, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l, a «paradoxical» effect expressed in the predominance of the fraction of «dormant» cells was revealed. The temporary inhibition of the process of cell division can be regarded as a protective mechanism that allows preserving the integrity of the population and its ability to survive in a changing environment. The obtained data explain the effect of action of low concentrations of substances due to their inclusion in the cell, the subsequent accumulation in the cell and their low excretion.

Efficacy of prayer in inducing immediate physiological changes: a systematic analysis of objective experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Chin ◽  
Ryan Chou ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Kunal Vakharia ◽  
Hamid Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Blood Marker

Abstract Objectives To assess the immediate impact of prayer on physiological state by systematically reviewing objective, controlled experimental studies in the literature. Content Experimental studies measuring objective physiological changes induced by prayer. Studies containing the keyword, “Prayer” anywhere in the title or abstract were curated from the following databases: Public/Publisher Medline (PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) in May 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened with the remaining 30 articles analyzed for inclusion. Only experimental studies were included. Summary Eight experimental studies were identified of which five investigated neurocognitive changes and three investigated systemic physiological changes during prayer. The five studies focusing on neuroactivity used functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography or SPECT imaging to obtain measurements. The remaining three studies analyzed an array of systemic physiological metrics, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral resistance, baroreceptor sensitivity and/or cardiovascular rhythm variability during prayer. All studies aside from one saw objective changes during prayer. Neurocognitive changes were mainly associated with improved mental functioning, control and pain tolerance. Prayer was found to slow down physiological functions in two of the three vital-based studies, with the third reporting no change in physiological status. None of the studies measured blood marker changes. Outlook Experimental studies show prayer to induce healthy neurocognitive and physiological changes. Additional studies exploring objective measures from prayer are encouraged to provide practitioners with a more nuanced, scientific perspective when it comes to prescribing prayer as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy.

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