15 THE ADMINISTRATION OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AROUND THE FIRST POSTPARTUM MONTH INCREASES SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
J. K. Jeong ◽  
H. G. Kang ◽  
T. Y. Hur ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
And Control

Early postpartum cyclicity is related to subsequent fertility. This field study evaluated the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration around the first postpartum month on subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows underwent ultrasonography at 30.0 (±6) days postpartum to determine the existence of ovarian structures including corpus lutea (CL), follicles, or cysts. The cows without CL were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups: GnRH group and control group. Cows in the GnRH group received an injection of 100 µg of GnRH (gonadorelin, Godorel, Uni-Biotech Co. Ltd., Korea; n = 151). Cows in the control group received no GnRH (n = 171). Cows diagnosed with endometritis at the time of ultrasonography were excluded from this study. Cows received the normal herd reproductive management program including estrous detection or synchronization, or synchronization of ovulation in the breeding period. The voluntary waiting period from calving to first AI in this study was 40 days. Pregnancy was determined per rectum 60 days after AI by both ultrasonography and palpation. Reproductive performance data were collected for a minimum of 210 days postpartum. Reproduction data between the GnRH and control groups were evaluated by chi-square test or the Cox proportional hazard model with the PHREG procedure using the SAS program (version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The number of days to first insemination after calving did not differ (P > 0.05) between the control group (80.9 ± 2.2 days) and the GnRH group (82.1 ± 2.3 days), while the pregnancy rate to first insemination tended to be higher (P = 0.1) in the GnRH group (42.3%) than in the control group (33.3%). Furthermore, the pregnancy hazard was higher by 210 days in milk for the GnRH group compared with the control group (hazard ratio = 1.33; P < 0.05), which resulted in a 26-day reduction in the median interval to pregnancy. In conclusion, the administration of GnRH around the first postpartum month improved subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project no. PJ008464) Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of a Chitosan Solution on Recovery and Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows with Endometritis: A Pilot Field Trial

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Okawa ◽  
Missaka M.P. Wijayagunawardane ◽  
Peter L.A.M. Vos ◽  
Osamu Yamato ◽  
Masayasu Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the efficacy of intrauterine infusion of a chitosan solution (CHT) on uterine recovery in early postpartum dairy cows with or without endometritis, and their subsequent reproductive performance. In Experiment 1, cows with endometritis at 3 weeks postpartum were administered CHT (n = 5) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (n = 4). Untreated cows (n = 7) served as the control group. In Experiment 2, 18 cows with a normally recovered uterus at the fresh cow check (mean, 35 days postpartum) were assigned to the CHT (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups, and intrauterine infusion was conducted in the CHT group. Overall, in Experiment 1, the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly declined in the CHT group (32.3 ± 10.2 to 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.05) from week 3 to week 5, but no decline occurred in the PGF2α and control groups. In Experiment 2, the CHT and control groups showed no significant differences in reproductive parameters, suggesting the absence of adverse effects of CHT on fertility. These results suggest that intrauterine infusion of CHT in the early postpartum period effectively accelerates uterine recovery from endometritis and might be a suitable replacement for PGF2α administration.

13 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLIER POSTPARTUM CYCLICITY AND SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS: A FIELD TRIAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
I. H. Kim ◽  
H. C. Lee ◽  
H. G. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Earlier postpartum cyclicity based on hormonal analysis was related to the subsequent fertility, although it has not been clarified under field conditions. This field study examined the relationship between the detection of corpus luteum (CL) at the first post partum month and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows underwent ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co. Ltd., Korea) at 30 (±7) days postpartum to determine the existence of CL in ovaries and then divided into 2 groups based on the existence of CL; the CL group (n = 156) or the non-CL group (n = 281). At the same time of ultrasonography, all cows were scored for body condition. Cows received the normal herd reproductive management program including oestrous detection or synchronization, or synchronization of ovulation in the breeding period. Pregnancy was determined per rectum 60 days after artificial insemination by both ultrasonography and palpation. Reproductive performance data were collected for a minimum of 210 days postpartum. Reproduction data between the CL and non-CL groups were evaluated by t-test, chi-square test, or logistic regression using an SAS program (Version 9.1: SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The proportion of cows with CL in ovaries at 30 (±7) days postpartum was 35.7% of all cows. The number of days to first insemination after calving was more delayed (P < 0.0001) in the non-CL group (100.1 ± 2.7 days) than in the CL group (80.9 ± 2.9 days), while the pregnancy rate to first insemination did not differ (P > 0.05) between the CL group (44.2%) and the non-CL group (45.9%). The CL group had higher pregnancy proportions (PP) within 60 (odds ratio, OR = 2.3; P = 0.0063), 90 (OR = 1.6; P = 0.04), and 120 days (OR = 1.5; P = 0.05) postpartum than the non-CL group; however, the PP within 150 or 210 days postpartum did not differ between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Besides, logistic analysis revealed that cows with body condition score (BCS) ≥3.00 were more likely to have CL (OR = 1.8; P = 0.015) compared with cows with BCS ≤ 2.75, while primiparous cows were less likely to have CL (OR = 0.6; P = 0.0085) compared with multiparous cows. In addition, cows that underwent ultrasonography later than 30 days postpartum were more likely to have CL (OR = 1.6; P = 0.0192) compared with cows that underwent ultrasonography earlier. In conclusion, the earlier cyclicity based on the detection of CL using ultrasonography at the first postpartum month, which might be in part due to a higher BCS, predicts an enhanced reproductive performance in dairy cows, particularly during the early and early-mid lactations. This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2010.

252 EFFECT OF SUPERSTIMULATORY TREATMENT TO DONOR COWS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF MATURED OOCYTES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
K. Imai ◽  
S. Sugimura ◽  
M. Ohtake ◽  
Y. Aikawa ◽  
Y. Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

We previously reported that follicular wave synchronization and follicular growth treatment (FGT) before ovum pick-up (OPU) were effective in improving oocyte competence, which was associated with an increase in related embryos obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (Sugimura et al. 2012 Cell. Reprogram. 14, 29–37). However, oxygen consumption in oocytes remained unknown. The present study was designed to examine the differences in oxygen consumption between bovine oocytes obtained by OPU with or without FGT after in vitro maturation. Holstein dry cows (n = 8) were reared under the same feeding and environmental conditions. Two OPU sessions were conducted in each cow to collect immature oocytes, as described by Sugimura et al. (2012). The first OPU session (OPU group) was performed in cows on arbitrary days of the oestrous cycle, using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer with the needle connected to an ultrasound scanner. Follicles larger than 8 mm in diameter were then aspirated and a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) was inserted on Day 5 (the day of the first OPU session = Day 0). Then 30 Armour units (AU) of FSH (Antrin, Kyoritsu Seiyaku, Tokyo, Japan) was administrated to cows twice a day from Day 7 to 10 in decreasing doses (6, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2 AU day–1). Cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2α; 0.75 mg) was administered in the morning of Day 9. The second OPU session (FGT-OPU group) was performed 48 h after prostaglandin F2α administration (Day 11), and only follicles larger than 5 mm in diameter were aspirated. The CIDR was removed from the cows just before OPU. Collected cumulus–oocyte complexes in the OPU and FGT-OPU groups were matured in vitro as described by Imai et al. [2006 J. Reprod. Dev. 52(Suppl.), S19–S29]. To collect in vivo-matured oocytes (control group), the CIDR was inserted into the cows on arbitrary days of the oestrous cycle (= Day 0), and oestradiol benzoate (0.8 mg) was administered on Day 1. The cows received the FGT treatment (as described above) from Day 6 to 10; however, the CIDR was removed in the evening of Day 8. Buserelin (gonadotropin-releasing hormone; 200 µg) was then administrated in the morning of Day 10, and OPU was performed at 24 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration (Day 11). Oxygen consumption of matured oocytes was measured noninvasively with a scanning electron microscopy system (HV-405SP; Hokuto Denko Co., Tokyo, Japan). Data were analysed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey-Kramer test. There was no difference in the mean oxygen consumption between the FGT-OPU group (0.34 ± 0.02 × 10–14 mol–1, mean ± SEM) and control group (0.40 ± 0.01 × 10–14 mol–1). However, oxygen consumption in the FGT-OPU and control groups was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in the OPU group (0.50 ± 0.02 × 10–14 mol–1). These results revealed significantly lower oxygen consumption in OPU-derived in vitro-matured bovine oocytes after FGT treatment compared with those obtained without FGT treatment. Oxygen consumption of oocytes obtained from FGT-OPU was similar to that of in vivo-matured oocytes, which may reflect their cytoplasmic maturation status with high developmental competence.

62 Will Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatment Hasten the Onset of Puberty in Peripubertal Heifers?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
N. A. Castro ◽  
C. E. Leonardi ◽  
E. M. Zwiefehofer ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
And Control

Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been used to induce ovulation in prepubertal heifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether peripubertal heifers will continue to ovulate at regular intervals (i.e. attain puberty) after GnRH treatment. Prepubertal crossbred Hereford heifers, 11.0 ± 0.5 months of age, 344 ± 26 kg of body weight, and at random stages of ovarian follicular wave status, were assigned to 2 groups (age- and weight-matched) and given GnRH (n = 24) or no treatment (Control, n = 22) on Day 0. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed every second day from Day 0 to 44 to record the size of 2 largest follicles and the corpus luteum (CL). Thereafter, examinations were done every 4 days until the third ovulation or Day 100, whichever came first. The first and second interovulatory intervals (IOI) were categorized as short (<12 days), normal (16-24 days), or long (>24 days), and the onset of the puberty was defined by the occurrence of 2 consecutive short or normal IOI (i.e. 3 uninterrupted ovulations). Proportional data were compared among groups by chi-squared test. Single-point measurements were compared by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were made using Tukey’s test. Two heifers (one in each group) failed to ovulate during the experiment. The diameter of the largest follicle on Day 0 did not differ (P = 0.31) between the GnRH and Control groups (12.6 ± 0.37 mm and 13.1 ± 0.29 mm, respectively). The proportion of heifers that ovulated by Day 4 after treatment was higher in the GnRH than in the Control group (9/24 v. 1/22; P < 0.01). However, the proportion of heifers in the GnRH v. Control groups that ovulated twice (19/24 v. 18/22; P = 0.60) or 3 times (9/24 v. 9/22; P = 0.81) did not differ. The age at first ovulation tended to be younger in the GnRH group than in the Control (12 ± 0.97 v. 13 ± 0.90 months; P = 0.07), but the effect was attributed only to those heifers that ovulated in response to GnRH treatment (n = 9). The age at first ovulation was 11.2 ± 0.50, 12.7 ± 0.73, and 12.6 ± 0.90 months in GnRH-responders, non-responders, and the control group, respectively (P < 0.0001). One heifer that ovulated in response to GnRH treatment failed to ovulate again during the study period (Day 100). In 87.5% (7/8) of the heifers that responded to GnRH treatment and ovulated at least twice, the first IOI was long (55.5 ± 8.3 days). When data were combined between the GnRH non-responders and the control group (n = 35), the first IOI was short (8.9 ± 0.4 days) in 77% of the heifers, and the second IOI was of normal length (18.8 ± 0.9 days) in 93% of heifers. The age at the second ovulation in GnRH responders (12.7 ± 0.3 months) was similar (P = 0.82) to the age at first ovulation in GnRH non-responders (12.9 ± 0.1 months) and the control group (12.7 ± 0.2 months), indicating that GnRH treatment did not hasten the onset of continuous cyclicity. In conclusion, although GnRH treatment induced first ovulation in some peripubertal heifers, treatment did not hasten the onset of puberty. Research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

scholarly journals The reproductive performance of dairy cows with anovulatory anoestrus that were injected with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or oestradiol benzoate as part of a re-treatment process after insemination

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽  
J. Malmo ◽  
K.L. Macmillan ◽  
P.D. Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

This experiment compared the reproductive performance of synchronised anoestrous dairy cows that were treated initially with a combination of progesterone and oestradiol benzoate and then with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or oestradiol benzoate to resynchronise returns to service. It was hypothesised that injecting anoestrous dairy cows with GnRH 12-15 days after insemination and coinciding with the time of insertion of a controlled intravaginal progesterone-releasing (CIDR) device would increase conception rates to the preceding 1st insemination compared with oestradiol benzoate treated cows; both GnRH and oestradiol benzoate would resynchronising the returns to service of those cows that did not conceive to the preceding insemination. Groups of cows in 11 herds were presented for a veterinary examination after they had not been seen in oestrus postpartum. Those cows diagnosed with anovulatory anoestrus (n = 1112) by manual rectal palpation and / or ultrasonography were enrolled in the trial. Each enrolled cow was injected with 2mg oestradiol benzoate i.m. on Day -10, (where Day 0 was the 1st day of the planned insemination) concurrently with vaginal insertion of a CIDR device. The device inserted was withdrawn on Day -2 and then each cow injected i.m. with 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Day -1 unless it was in oestrus. Observation for oestrus preceded each insemination. Every cow that had been inseminated on Days -1,0,1 or 2 was presented for treatment for resynchrony on Day 14 (n=891). They were divided into 2 groups; those with an even number were each injected i.m. with 250 µg of a GnRH agonist (Treatment group n = 477); each of the cows with an odd number injected i.m. with 1mg of oestradiol benzoate (control group, n = 414). Each GnRH or oestradiol benzoate injection preceded reinsertion of a CIDR device previously inserted from Days -10 to -2. It was withdrawn on Day 22, 24 hours before injecting 1mg oestradiol benzoate. Cows observed in oestrus were submitted for a 2nd insemination. Every enrolled cow still present in the herd was pregnancy tested by palpation of uterine contents per rectum about 6 weeks later and again at the end of a herd's seasonal breeding programme. The alternative use of GnRH instead of oestradiol benzoate did not affect the percentage of cows conceiving within 3 days of the mating start date (MSD) (35.6 %vs 35.3 %, P=0.90), resubmission rates for a 2nd insemination among cows not pregnant to the 1st insemination (81.6 % vs 83.5 %, P=0.41), 6-week pregnancy rate (59.3 % vs 60.6 %, P=0.65), 21-week pregnancy rate (86.6 vs 85.0, P=0.36), mean interval from MSD to conception (32.5 + 1.8 days vs 29.9 + 1.8 days, P = 0.26) or conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3 % vs 38.8 %, P=0.39). When GnRH conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3% vs was compared with oestradiol benzoate, it did not increase conception rates to the 1st service; it was as effective as oestradiol benzoate in synchronising returns to service in previously treated anoestrous cows that did not conceive to the 1st service. Its use affected neither conception rates to the preceding 1st inseminations nor to the following 2nd inseminations.

A study model with initial findings using Sepia 200c given prophylactically to prevent anoestrus problems in the dairy cow

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (03) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Williamson ◽  
W.J. Crawford ◽  
B. Rennie ◽  
W.L. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
And Control

AbstractOverall reproductive performance and associated periparturient disorders were monitored in a herd of British Friesian cross dairy cows from September 1987 to August 1988. Pregnancy diagnosis and cyclical status of the herd was determined by palpation of the ovaries per rectum. A total of 49 (110) cows were randomly treated with Sepia 200c either on day 14(19) or 21 days (30) postpartum.Statistical analysis of the results was based on the differences between the control and combined Sepia-treated groups. Although there were significant differences in the proportion of heifers calving in each group, there was no significant difference in periparturient disorders or during the pre-service period.However, in the Sepia Group that held a lower proportion of heifers, a significant difference was found in the conception rate to 1st service (47%), the percentage of cows in calf (90%) and total culling rate (10%) compared to the Control Group (26%, 72% and 28% respectively). A reduction (non significant) was found between the Sepia and Control services to conception (0.2), calving to conception interval (5 days) and calving index (2 days).The results of this pilot study appear to demonstrate a difference in effect between the Sepia-treated Group and Control Group. The study has been extended to treat a larger number of dairy cows to examine the reproducibility of these results.

scholarly journals Efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue delivery system to stimulate ovulation of peled Coregonus peled

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindriška Knowles ◽  
Jakub Vysloužil ◽  
Jan Muselík ◽  
Vlastimil Stejskal ◽  
Jan Kouřil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogue

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles as a carrier of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) for induction of ovulation in peled Coregonus peled. Female peled were injected intraperitoneally with 1) saline solution only (control), 2) mammalian GnRHa at 25 µg/kg body weight, 3) GnRHa in 753-type microparticles at 50 µg/kg, or 4) GnRHa in 653-type microparticles at 50 µg/kg. Blood plasma samples were taken on days 0, 4, 8, and 12 post-injection. All hormone treatments induced synchronous ovulation and higher cumulative ovulation compared to controls. Hormone treatments did not affect relative fecundity or the percentage of eyed eggs. Testosterone level decreased toward the onset of ovulation. On day eight of the trial, the testosterone level was significantly lower in hormone-treated groups compared to the control group. The level of 17β-oestradiol showed a decreasing trend post-injection, with the lowest observed level on day eight. Our results demonstrate that ovulation can be induced in the peled by the sustained – release of GnRHa in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles, but the treatment does not improve reproductive performance.

EFFECTS OF INJECTION OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ON SOW FERTILITY

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. GOONERATNE ◽  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
And Control

A total of 159 Landrace × Yorkshire sows were used to study the effects of an intramuscular injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at estrus on reproductive performance. Artificial insemination at 24 h or 24 and 40–44 h following treatment, resulted in similar conception rates for GnRH-treated (77.5 and 69.2%) and control sows (70.0 and 67.5%). Conception rates were not affected by insemination regime. GnRH treatment resulted in slightly improved litter sizes in comparison with control sows (10.45 vs 9.92; P > 0.20) whether inseminated once or twice, but had no effect on piglet weight at birth. Litter size and piglet weight at weaning were also not influenced by treatment. GnRH treatment (100 μg) induced increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary within 30 min and maximal serum concentrations were observed 90–120 min postinjection. The induced release of both LH and FSH was of short duration (< 4 h), compared to the natural surge of LH which followed later, coincident with estrus. It was concluded that the overall reproductive performance of sows was not significantly influenced by GnRH treatment immediately prior to estrus. Key words: Sow, GnRH, pituitary response, reproductive performance

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