62 Will Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatment Hasten the Onset of Puberty in Peripubertal Heifers?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
N. A. Castro ◽  
C. E. Leonardi ◽  
E. M. Zwiefehofer ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
And Control

Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been used to induce ovulation in prepubertal heifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether peripubertal heifers will continue to ovulate at regular intervals (i.e. attain puberty) after GnRH treatment. Prepubertal crossbred Hereford heifers, 11.0 ± 0.5 months of age, 344 ± 26 kg of body weight, and at random stages of ovarian follicular wave status, were assigned to 2 groups (age- and weight-matched) and given GnRH (n = 24) or no treatment (Control, n = 22) on Day 0. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed every second day from Day 0 to 44 to record the size of 2 largest follicles and the corpus luteum (CL). Thereafter, examinations were done every 4 days until the third ovulation or Day 100, whichever came first. The first and second interovulatory intervals (IOI) were categorized as short (<12 days), normal (16-24 days), or long (>24 days), and the onset of the puberty was defined by the occurrence of 2 consecutive short or normal IOI (i.e. 3 uninterrupted ovulations). Proportional data were compared among groups by chi-squared test. Single-point measurements were compared by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were made using Tukey’s test. Two heifers (one in each group) failed to ovulate during the experiment. The diameter of the largest follicle on Day 0 did not differ (P = 0.31) between the GnRH and Control groups (12.6 ± 0.37 mm and 13.1 ± 0.29 mm, respectively). The proportion of heifers that ovulated by Day 4 after treatment was higher in the GnRH than in the Control group (9/24 v. 1/22; P < 0.01). However, the proportion of heifers in the GnRH v. Control groups that ovulated twice (19/24 v. 18/22; P = 0.60) or 3 times (9/24 v. 9/22; P = 0.81) did not differ. The age at first ovulation tended to be younger in the GnRH group than in the Control (12 ± 0.97 v. 13 ± 0.90 months; P = 0.07), but the effect was attributed only to those heifers that ovulated in response to GnRH treatment (n = 9). The age at first ovulation was 11.2 ± 0.50, 12.7 ± 0.73, and 12.6 ± 0.90 months in GnRH-responders, non-responders, and the control group, respectively (P < 0.0001). One heifer that ovulated in response to GnRH treatment failed to ovulate again during the study period (Day 100). In 87.5% (7/8) of the heifers that responded to GnRH treatment and ovulated at least twice, the first IOI was long (55.5 ± 8.3 days). When data were combined between the GnRH non-responders and the control group (n = 35), the first IOI was short (8.9 ± 0.4 days) in 77% of the heifers, and the second IOI was of normal length (18.8 ± 0.9 days) in 93% of heifers. The age at the second ovulation in GnRH responders (12.7 ± 0.3 months) was similar (P = 0.82) to the age at first ovulation in GnRH non-responders (12.9 ± 0.1 months) and the control group (12.7 ± 0.2 months), indicating that GnRH treatment did not hasten the onset of continuous cyclicity. In conclusion, although GnRH treatment induced first ovulation in some peripubertal heifers, treatment did not hasten the onset of puberty. Research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

252 EFFECT OF SUPERSTIMULATORY TREATMENT TO DONOR COWS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF MATURED OOCYTES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
K. Imai ◽  
S. Sugimura ◽  
M. Ohtake ◽  
Y. Aikawa ◽  
Y. Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

We previously reported that follicular wave synchronization and follicular growth treatment (FGT) before ovum pick-up (OPU) were effective in improving oocyte competence, which was associated with an increase in related embryos obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (Sugimura et al. 2012 Cell. Reprogram. 14, 29–37). However, oxygen consumption in oocytes remained unknown. The present study was designed to examine the differences in oxygen consumption between bovine oocytes obtained by OPU with or without FGT after in vitro maturation. Holstein dry cows (n = 8) were reared under the same feeding and environmental conditions. Two OPU sessions were conducted in each cow to collect immature oocytes, as described by Sugimura et al. (2012). The first OPU session (OPU group) was performed in cows on arbitrary days of the oestrous cycle, using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer with the needle connected to an ultrasound scanner. Follicles larger than 8 mm in diameter were then aspirated and a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) was inserted on Day 5 (the day of the first OPU session = Day 0). Then 30 Armour units (AU) of FSH (Antrin, Kyoritsu Seiyaku, Tokyo, Japan) was administrated to cows twice a day from Day 7 to 10 in decreasing doses (6, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2 AU day–1). Cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2α; 0.75 mg) was administered in the morning of Day 9. The second OPU session (FGT-OPU group) was performed 48 h after prostaglandin F2α administration (Day 11), and only follicles larger than 5 mm in diameter were aspirated. The CIDR was removed from the cows just before OPU. Collected cumulus–oocyte complexes in the OPU and FGT-OPU groups were matured in vitro as described by Imai et al. [2006 J. Reprod. Dev. 52(Suppl.), S19–S29]. To collect in vivo-matured oocytes (control group), the CIDR was inserted into the cows on arbitrary days of the oestrous cycle (= Day 0), and oestradiol benzoate (0.8 mg) was administered on Day 1. The cows received the FGT treatment (as described above) from Day 6 to 10; however, the CIDR was removed in the evening of Day 8. Buserelin (gonadotropin-releasing hormone; 200 µg) was then administrated in the morning of Day 10, and OPU was performed at 24 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration (Day 11). Oxygen consumption of matured oocytes was measured noninvasively with a scanning electron microscopy system (HV-405SP; Hokuto Denko Co., Tokyo, Japan). Data were analysed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey-Kramer test. There was no difference in the mean oxygen consumption between the FGT-OPU group (0.34 ± 0.02 × 10–14 mol–1, mean ± SEM) and control group (0.40 ± 0.01 × 10–14 mol–1). However, oxygen consumption in the FGT-OPU and control groups was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in the OPU group (0.50 ± 0.02 × 10–14 mol–1). These results revealed significantly lower oxygen consumption in OPU-derived in vitro-matured bovine oocytes after FGT treatment compared with those obtained without FGT treatment. Oxygen consumption of oocytes obtained from FGT-OPU was similar to that of in vivo-matured oocytes, which may reflect their cytoplasmic maturation status with high developmental competence.

15 THE ADMINISTRATION OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AROUND THE FIRST POSTPARTUM MONTH INCREASES SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
J. K. Jeong ◽  
H. G. Kang ◽  
T. Y. Hur ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
And Control

Early postpartum cyclicity is related to subsequent fertility. This field study evaluated the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration around the first postpartum month on subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows underwent ultrasonography at 30.0 (±6) days postpartum to determine the existence of ovarian structures including corpus lutea (CL), follicles, or cysts. The cows without CL were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups: GnRH group and control group. Cows in the GnRH group received an injection of 100 µg of GnRH (gonadorelin, Godorel, Uni-Biotech Co. Ltd., Korea; n = 151). Cows in the control group received no GnRH (n = 171). Cows diagnosed with endometritis at the time of ultrasonography were excluded from this study. Cows received the normal herd reproductive management program including estrous detection or synchronization, or synchronization of ovulation in the breeding period. The voluntary waiting period from calving to first AI in this study was 40 days. Pregnancy was determined per rectum 60 days after AI by both ultrasonography and palpation. Reproductive performance data were collected for a minimum of 210 days postpartum. Reproduction data between the GnRH and control groups were evaluated by chi-square test or the Cox proportional hazard model with the PHREG procedure using the SAS program (version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The number of days to first insemination after calving did not differ (P > 0.05) between the control group (80.9 ± 2.2 days) and the GnRH group (82.1 ± 2.3 days), while the pregnancy rate to first insemination tended to be higher (P = 0.1) in the GnRH group (42.3%) than in the control group (33.3%). Furthermore, the pregnancy hazard was higher by 210 days in milk for the GnRH group compared with the control group (hazard ratio = 1.33; P < 0.05), which resulted in a 26-day reduction in the median interval to pregnancy. In conclusion, the administration of GnRH around the first postpartum month improved subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project no. PJ008464) Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals LASTING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jen Lee ◽  
Rene Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Catabolic Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Malnourished Group

The effects of neonatal infection, perinatal malnutrition, and crowding on the metabolism of brain catecholamine were studied in specific pathogen-free mice. Metabolic turnover of catecholamine was determined by measuring the incorporation of precursor tyrosine-14C into brain tissue, catabolic activity of norepinephrine-3H at various times after intracisternal injection, and tissue levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. The rate of tyrosine incorporation was decreased by neonatal infection but was increased by perinatal malnutrition and crowding. There was no difference in catabolic activity of norepinephrine between infected, crowded, and control groups. In the malnourished group, however, the total radioactivity from norepinephrine was significantly higher than in the control group ½ and 2 hr after injection. The brain contents of dopamine and norepinephrine were depressed in the malnourished group. There was no significant difference in catecholamine levels between infected, crowded, and control groups. In the malnourished group, treatment of the mothers with growth hormone prevented almost completely weight loss during lactation, and also resulted in higher fetal weight. Hormone treatment restored to normal the levels of brain catecholamine and the enzymatic activity of brain tyrosine hydroxylase in progeny of malnourished mothers.

scholarly journals The Early Start of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist Versus Flexible Antagonist Ovarian Stimulation Protocol in Poor Responders: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Esfidani ◽  
Ashraf Moini ◽  
Arezoo Arabipoor ◽  
Maryam Farid Mojtahedi ◽  
Shima Mohiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antagonist Group

Abstract Background: Determining the initiation day of antagonist administration is an important and challenging issue and different results have been reported in the previous studies. The present study was designed to compare the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles outcomes of the early start of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol with conventional flexible GnRH-ant protocol in patients with poor ovarian response (POR) diagnosis. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on infertile women who were diagnosed as poor ovarian responder in IVF/ICSI cycles at Arash Women’s Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences between September 2019 and May 2020. POR was defined according to the Bologna criteria and the eligible women were randomly allocated into an experimental (early onset GnRH-ant) and control (flexible GnRH-ant) groups. The women in the experimental group received recombinant gonadotropins (150-225 IU) and GnRH-ant (0.25 mg) simultaneously on the second day of the cycle. In control group, the starting and dose of gonadotropins were similar but daily administration of GnRH-ant was initiated when the leading follicle diameter was ≥ 13 mm. The IVF/ICSI outcomes were compared between groups.Results: Totally, 116 women were randomly assigned to early start antagonist group (n=58) and control group (n=58). The analysis showed that the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of the ovarian stimulation duration and the total dose of used gonadotropins. Although, the total number of MII oocytes in early start of antagonist group was significantly higher than that of in control group (P=0.04). In the following, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates per ET in early start of antagonist group were significantly higher than those of in control group (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively); however, the implantation and miscarriage rates were similar between group.Conclusion: The early onset of GnRH-ant protocol can improve the number of retrieved and MII oocytes rates and probably the pregnancy outcome after fresh embryo transfer in POR patients; however, larger randomized clinical trials are required to compare the pregnancy outcomes after this approach with other COH protocols with considering cost-effectiveness issue.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20110731007165N9. Registered 8 February 2020 – Registered while recruiting, https://www.irct.ir/trial/45024.

122 Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone plus 7-day progesterone (CIDR) with or without eCG on follicular dynamics, estrus response, and pregnancy rate in anestrous Beetal goats during nonbreeding season under subtropical conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
M. I.-R. Khan ◽  
N. Hameed ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
M. Abbas ◽  
A. Murtaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
And Control ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Oestrus induction is a challenging task during the nonbreeding season in goats. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plus a 7-day CIDR-based protocol with or without eCG for the induction of oestrus and fertility in acyclic Beetal goats during the nonbreeding season under subtropical conditions. Based on the absence of corpus luteum via ultrasonography, goats (n=56; mean weight=32.8±0.5 kg; body condition scre=2.5±0.1) were inserted with a CIDR (300mg progesterone) along with GnRH (Day 0), and randomly treated either with eCG (400 IU; n=35) or without eCG (control; n=21) on Day 7. The CIDR was removed on Day 7 and all does were administered single dose of prostaglandin F2α (75µg cloprostenol; Fatro, Italy). Following CIDR insertion, ovarian follicular dynamics was monitored daily through a 7.5-MHz transrectal transducer (Honda HS 1500, Japan) until ovulation in a subset of eCG (n=11) and control goats (n=10). Oestrus was detected at every 12h after CIDR removal with aproned bucks and does were bred naturally. Pregnancy was detected 25 days after breeding by transrectal ultrasound. Data were analysed by t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-squared test using SPSS (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Oestrus occurred more often following CIDR removal in eCG v. control goats (94v. 57%; P&lt;0.05). Similarly, onset of oestrus was earlier (36.0±2.1v. 54.2±4.7 h; P&lt;0.05) and the duration of oestrus was longer in eCG v. control goats (i.e. 30.2±1.3v. 22.1±2.3 h; P&lt;0.05). However, diameter of preovulatory follicles and interval to ovulation after CIDR removal were similar between eCG and control goats (P&gt;0.05). In contrast, growth rate of preovulatory follicle after CIDR removal until ovulation in eCG goats was greater, and ovulation rate was higher than control goats (0.7±0.1v. 0.3±0.1 mm/day; 2.2±0.2v. 1.4±0.2, respectively; P&lt;0.05). In eCG goats, the dominant follicle grew rapidly between Days 8 to 9 (P&lt;0.05), whereas within control goats the dominant follicle grew at consistent rate (P&gt;0.05). After CIDR removal, percentage of ovulating goats in eCG was higher as compared to the control group (100v. 44%; P&lt;0.05). Within control goats, size of the dominant follicle in ovulatory goats was greater at the time of CIDR removal than anovulatory goats (5.7±0.3v. 5.0±0.15 mm; P&lt;0.05), whereas wave emergence tended to be earlier after CIDR insertion in anovulatory goats (4.2±1v. 2.6±0.4 days; P=0.09). Pregnancy rate 25 days postbreeding did not differ between eCG and control goats [i.e. 49% (16/33) v. 25% (3/12); odds ratio 2.9/1; P&gt;0.05]. In conclusion, the eCG protocol resulted in higher oestrus response, ovulation rate, and 3 times higher pregnancy rate in anestrous goats during the nonbreeding season.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

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