Geomorphic controls on aluminium in acid soils of the Axe Creek catchment, Victoria

This study investigates the influence of terrain, including steepness and position in slope, on soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), and organic carbon (OC) in the Axe Creek catchment, Victoria. Both soil pH and Al were determined by use of 1 : 5 soil : 0·01 M CaCl2 extracts, with Al measured colorimetrically using a modified pyrocatechol violet method. Although all soils were acidic, the Al concentration was highest on the hilltops (>10 mg/kg) and lowest at base-of-slope sites (<1 mg/kg). The concentration of Al was generally inversely related to soil pH. However, on average, a lower Al concentration was found in the top 10 cm than in the interval from 10 to 30 cm, even though the soil pH remained relatively constant throughout the top 30 cm. The lower Al concentration in the surface layer corresponded to a substantially higher level of OC near the surface, suggesting the formation of Al-organic matter complexes.

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A COMPARISON OF LIME REQUIREMENT METHODS FOR ACID CANADIAN SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss77-040 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 361-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. D. WEBBER ◽

DIANE CORNEAU ◽

P. B. HOYT ◽

M. NYBORG

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Toxic Level ◽

Laboratory Methods ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Canadian Soils ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Diagnostic Index

Several laboratory methods for estimating lime requirements of acid soils were compared using 24 soils from Alberta and northeastern British Columbia and 15 from elsewhere in Canada. The Peech, Schofield, Woodruff and SMP (Shoemaker et al. 1971) buffer methods were equally well correlated with lime requirements for raising soil pH to 5.5 or 6, which in turn were highly correlated with the amounts of soluble and exchangeable Al and organic matter in the soils. The SMP buffer method is recommended for use as the diagnostic index of lime requirement to achieve pH 5.5 or 6 because of its speed and simplicity. A refinement is suggested for Alberta and northeastern B.C. soils on the basis that lime need not be added to achieve pH 5.5 but should be added to reduce Al below the toxic level for sensitive crops. The lime requirements to reduce Al in those soils were highly correlated with the amounts of 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble Al they contained and it is recommended that the 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble AI be used as the diagnostic index of lime requirement. Lime requirements related to SMP (pH) and 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble Al are presented.

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Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Majid Mahmoodabadi ◽

Elina Heydarpour

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Uncultivated Soil

Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

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Effect of Ph and vegetation cover in soil organic matter structure at a high-mountain ecosystem (Sierra Nevada National Park, Granada, Spain)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8246 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José A. González-Pérez ◽

Gael Bárcenas.Moreno ◽

Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo ◽

María Colchero-Asensio ◽

Layla M. San Emeterio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Sierra Nevada ◽

Soil Ph ◽

National Park ◽

High Mountain ◽

Analytical Pyrolysis ◽

Organic Matter Dynamics

Keywords: Soil reaction, analytical pyrolysis, soil respiration, carbon stabilizationDuring the last decade, soil organic matter dynamics and its determining factors have received increased attention, mainly due to the evident implication of these parameters in climate change understanding, predictions and possible management. High-mountain soil could be considered as hotspot of climate change dynamic since its high carbon accumulation and low organic matter degradation rates could be seriously altered by slight changes in temperature and rainfall regimes associated to climate change effects. In the particular case of Sierra Nevada National Park, this threat could be even stronger due to its Southern character, although its elevated biodiversity could shed some light on how could we predict and manage climate change in the future.In this study, a quantitative and qualitative organic matter characterization was performed and soil microbial activity measured to evaluate the implication of pH and vegetation in soil organic matter dynamics.The sampling areas were selected according to vegetation and soil pH; with distinct soil pH (area A with pH<7 and area B with pH>7) and vegetation (high-mountain shrubs and pine reforested area). Soil samples were collected under the influence of several plant species representatives of each vegetation series. Six samples were finally obtained (five replicates each); three were collected in area A under Juniperus communis ssp. Nana (ENE), Genista versicolor (PIO) and Pinus sylvestris (PSI) and other three were collected in area B under Juniperus Sabina (SAB), Astragalus nevadensis (AST) and Pinus sylvestris (PCA).Qualitative and quantitative analyses of soil organic matter were made to establish a possible relationship with microbial activity estimated by respiration rate (alkali trap) and fungi-to-bacteria ratio using a plate count method. Soil easily oxidizable organic carbon content was determined by the Walkley-Black method (SOC %) and organic matter amount was estimated by weight loss on ignition (LOI %). Analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) was used to analyse in detail the soil organic carbon composition.Our results showed that the microbial and therefore the dynamics of organic matter is influenced by both, soil pH and soil of organic matter. So that the pH in acidic media prevail as a determining factor of microbial growth over soil organic matter composition conditioned by vegetation.Acknowledgement: Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci&#243;n y Universidades (MICIU) for INTERCARBON project (CGL2016-78937-R). N.T. Jim&#233;nez-Morillo and L. San Emeterio also thanks MICIU for funding FPI research grants (BES-2013-062573 and Ref. BES-2017-07968). Mrs Desir&#233; Monis is acknowledged for technical assistance.&#160;

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Seasonal Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in a Patagonian Fjord Affected by Glacier Melt Inputs

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.612386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew G. Marshall ◽

Anne M. Kellerman ◽

Jemma L. Wadham ◽

Jon R. Hawkings ◽

Giovanni Daneri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Glacier Melt ◽

Level Data ◽

Chilean Patagonia ◽

Doc Concentration ◽

Dom Composition

Biogeochemical processes in fjords are likely affected by changes in surrounding glacier cover but very little is known about how meltwater directly influences dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fjords. Moreover, the data available are restricted to a handful of northern hemisphere sites. Here we analyze seasonal and spatial variation in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and DOM composition (spectrofluorescence, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry) in Baker-Martinez Fjord, Chilean Patagonia (48°S), to infer the impacts of rapid regional deglaciation on fjord DOM. We show that surface layer DOC concentrations do not vary significantly between seasons, but DOM composition is sensitive to differences in riverine inputs. In summer, higher protein-like fluorescence reflects increased glacial meltwater inputs, whilst molecular level data show weaker influence from marine DOM due to more intense stratification. We postulate that the shifting seasonal balance of riverine and marine waters affects the supply of biolabile peptides and organic nitrogen cycling in the surface layer. Trends in DOM composition with increasing salinity are consistent with patterns in estuaries (i.e. preferential removal of aromatic compounds and increasing relative contribution of unsaturated and heteroatom-rich DOM from marine sources). Preliminary estimates also suggest that at least 10% of the annual organic carbon stock in this fjord is supplied by the four largest, glacially fed rivers and that these inputs are dominated by dissolved (84%) over particulate organic carbon. Riverine DOC may therefore be an important carbon subsidy to bacterial communities in the inner fjord. The overall findings highlight the biogeochemical sensitivity of a Patagonian fjord to changes in glacier melt input, which likely has relevance for other glaciated fjords in a warming climate.

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Hydrocarbons in waters and bottom sediments Of the Barents sea

10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(35) ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 531-547

Author(s):

I.A. Nemirovskaya ◽

◽

A.M. Titova ◽

A.V. Khramtsova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Bottom Sediments ◽

Suspended Matter ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Early Summer ◽

The Barents Sea

Hydrocarbons in water, suspended matter and bottom sediments of the Barents Sea were studied based on materials from expeditions to the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2019. It is shown that at present there is no oil pollution in open areas of the Barents Sea. With the transition from early summer (2019) to autumn (2016), there was a decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations in surface waters, caused by a change in the biochemical composition of organic matter (possibly due to a decrease in the area of ice). With depth, the HC content decreased mainly. An exception was observed in the area of gutters and deposits, where in the bottom nepheloid layers there was an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in suspension and in the surface layer of bottom sediments, and in the thickness of the sediments there was no dependence on their distribution and organic carbon.

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The Effects of Rainfall on Carbon Isotopes of POC in the Teshio River, Northern Japan

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200045823 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 808-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takafumi Aramaki ◽

Seiya Nagao ◽

Yo-hei Nakamura ◽

Masao Uchida ◽

Yasuyuki Shibata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Water Level ◽

Carbon Isotopes ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Rainfall Event ◽

Rain Event ◽

C Value ◽

Northern Japan

During a rainfall event in early September 2006, the transport behavior of particulate organic carbon (POC) in a small river (Teshio River, northern Japan) with alluvial plain and forest characteristics was investigated chiefly with carbon isotopes. The radiocarbon (Δ14C value) of POC varied widely from –56%‰ at the beginning of the rain event to –10%‰ at peak rainfall. The Δ14C values have a positive correlation with C/N ratios and a negative correlation with Δ13C values except for the data from when both turbidity and water level were at their maximums due to rainfall. These results indicate that the sources of organic matter in the river come from the surface layer of soil as the water level rises during a rainfall event.

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Acidification rate of limed soil in a semiarid environment

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-070 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Curtin ◽

H. Ukrainetz

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Clay Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Published Data ◽

Proton Budget ◽

Soil Buffering ◽

Limed Soil

To evaluate the benefits of liming acid soils, a method is needed to predict the longevity of its effect on soil pH. We coupled a simple index of soil buffering with estimates of the proton budget to predict long-term pH changes in a limed soil (Dark Brown Chernozem) in Saskatchewan. Analysis of published data for Saskatchewan soils showed that acceptable estimates of soil buffering can be obtained from organic matter and clay content. Buffer capacities of organic matter and clay were estimated at 487 and 26 mmol(±) kg−1 (pH unit)−1, respectively. Soil pH, titratable acidity, and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) were monitored for 18 yr after lime application [Ca(OH)2 at rates of 0, 4.5 and 6.7 t ha−1] to field plots in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation. In limed plots, there was a tendency for pH, exchangeable Ca and effective CEC to decrease with time in the 0–7.5 cm layer and to increase in the 7.5–15 cm layer. This was attributed to mixing of the two layers during cultivation. In the 0–15 cm layer as a whole, there was no discernible change in acidity, Ca, or CEC during the monitoring period. Negligible re-acidification in limed soil was consistent with the estimated H+ budget. External acidification sources were negligible (no N fertilizer was applied). Acidification due to leaching of nitrate and export of cations in grain over 18 yr was estimated at 6–7 kmol(H+) ha−1. This amount of acidity would lower soil pH by less than 0.1 units [buffer capacity of the top 15 cm of soil was ≈70 kmol(±) ha−1 (pH unit)–1], an amount too small to be detectable against background variability. Key words: Buffer capacity, organic matter, proton budget, titratable acidity

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The distribution and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen as indicators of organic-matter fluxes in the Solina Reservoir (south-east Poland)

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf08040 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 647 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janusz A. Tomaszek ◽

Piotr Koszelnik ◽

Renata Gruca-Rokosz

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Nitrogen Isotope ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

The Past ◽

Vertical Changes ◽

Δ15n And Δ13c ◽

The Vertical Distribution ◽

Shallow Water Sediment

The feasibility of using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of sediment organic matter (OM) to elucidate the source and fate of bottom sediment was studied in the Solina Reservoir (south-east Poland). Horizontal and vertical changes in OM, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, as well as δ15N and δ13C values, in bottom sediments were analysed to establish the extent to which these sediments are terrestrial or internal in origin. Increased proportions of TOC along with slight decreases in TN were noted in the surface layer of shallow water sediment compared with the profundal sites. Upstream shallower C : N and δ15N values amounted to ~15 and ~2‰, respectively, pointing to the allochthonous origin of the OM. In turn, profundal C : N ratios of less than 10 and δ15N values of ~4‰ indicated autochthonous sediment. Values for δ13C did not differ between stations and ranged from –27.39 to –27.66‰. It is therefore suggested that the sediment from the upper shallower stations contains more allochthonous, refractory OM, whereas the profundal stations have planktonic OM enriching the sediment. This combined with the vertical distribution observed for δ15N signalled an intensification of eutrophication over the past few years.

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Method of Tillage with the Factor Determining the Quality of Organic Matter

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bozena Debska ◽

Iwona Jaskulska ◽

Dariusz Jaskulski

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Residue Management ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Tillage System ◽

Tillage Method

The aim of this paper has been to determine the importance of the strip-till method for the content of carbon and the quality of organic matter as compared with plough and ploughless tillage. The question to answer has been to what extent strip-till can contribute to carbon sequestration and thus be part of the strategy of counteracting climate change. The research involved soil where conventional tillage (CT), strip-till (ST), and reduced tillage (RT) were applied. These systems differ completely in the way they affect the post-harvest residue, i.e., “plant residue management”. For air-dry soil samples, the following analyses were made: the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt), content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt), and the fractional composition of humus. In the surface layer the content of TOC ranged from 11.96 (CT) to 13.88 g kg−1 (RT) and DOC ranged from 209.9 (CT) to 230.5 mg kg−1 (ST). The share of the fraction of fluvic acids (0–15 cm layer) changed from 15.51% (RT) to 18.81% (ST), the share of the fraction of humic acids was 9.36% (ST) to 11.60%, and humins were 68.90% (CT) to 72.6% (RT). These results demonstrated that the tillage system determines the properties of the organic matter of soil. In the surface layer (0–15 cm) and in the 30–50 cm layer the properties of the soil organic matter under strip-till had a greater similarity to the soil under ploughless tillage than under conventional tillage. Ploughless tillage and strip-till considerably limited the leaching of carbon and nitrogen from the surface layer to the 30–50 cm layer. Strip-till, similarly to ploughless tillage, is the tillage method which can be crucial for the process of carbon sequestration.

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Effect of Organic Matter on Manganese Solubility

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132002000100003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emilene Andrade ◽

Mário Miyazawa ◽

Marcos A. Pavan ◽

Edson L. de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Carbon Oxidation ◽

Organic Carbon Oxidation ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Aluminum Solubility

The objective of this study was to re-evaluate some aspects of the relative importance of organic matter on Mn solubility in acid soil conditions. Field study showed that black oats, oil seed radish, elephant grass, lupin, leucaena, and coffee leaves serving as mulch decreased Mn solubility as compared with bare soil. The decrease in Mn solubility with plant mulch was related to increase in soil moisture content. Laboratory study showed that increasing temperature from 25 to 100ºC increased Mn solubility and total soil organic carbon was little changed; from 150 to 200ºC increased both Mn solubility and organic carbon oxidation, and up to 300ºC decreased Mn solubility and stoped organic carbon oxidation . Aluminum solubility always increased with increasing temperature. Organic matter exerted a control in both Mn and Al solubilities in acid soils.

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